Global ETD Search

101	Diel Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Patterns in Sites with and without Planktonic Life Stage of Thompsodinium intermedium in Comal Springs, TX Gilpin, Cheryl 2012 May 1900 (has links) Between July 2009 and October 2011, a new habitat was found for a rarely reported freshwater dinoflagellate species, Thompsodinium intermedium - Comal Springs (Comal County), Texas. In 2011, diel in-situ monitoring in monospecific blooms of this species revealed previously undetected negative impacts on endangered species habitat availability associated with conditions of low flow levels, recorded at the U.S. Geological Survey gage # 08169000 on Texas Commission on Environmental Quality river segment 1811 station 12655. During a period of low springflow in the summer of 2011, late afternoon and early morning measurements of dissolved oxygen and temperature and presence of dinoflagellate blooms were monitored at six sites. Significant differences in diel fluctuations were found in all of these parameters among sites with and without the planktonic blooms. These fluctuations increased risk of hypoxia and hyperthermia conditions at sites of planktonic bloom events. Arrays of in-situ continuous monitoring temperature/light probes were used inside and outside of blooms. Wildlife and human health implications are that hypoxia and hyperthermia are known to promote conditions favorable to harmful microbes which may be transported from springs to coastal bays. In-situ data demonstrated that T. intermedium blooms, hypoxia, and hyperthermia occurred in the upper Comal headwaters. These natural environmental stressors may be avoidable if adequate springflows are maintained to buffer against these impacts. Freshwater dinoflagellate Karst spring ecohydrology drought low springflows temperature extremes hypoxia hyperthermia Comal Springs Comal River Etheiostoma fonticola Whooping Crane Grus americana interference with sewage detection Contact recreation endangered species protection Habtiat Conservation Plan Edwards Aquifer Heterelmis comalensis Stygobromus peckii E. coli springflow buffering stratification
102	Some contributions in probability and statistics of extremes. Kratz, Marie 15 November 2005 (has links) (PDF) Part I - Level crossings and other level functionals.<br />Part II - Some contributions in statistics of extremes and in statistical mechanics. [MATH] Mathematics autoregressive processes chaos decomposition CLT crossings empirical process exceedances extremes Gaussian fileds Gaussian processes heavy tails Hermite polynomials level curve level functionals linear programming maxima moving average processes order statistics parameter estimation Poisson convergence Poisson processes qq-plot random spin systems rate of convergence regular variation sojourn time spectral moment Stein-Chen method time series analysis
103	The fragility of financial institutions : dependence structure, extremal behaviour and contagion / La fragilité des institutions financières : structure de dépendance, comportements extrêmes et contagion Rahman, Dima 29 September 2011 (has links) Cette thèse se propose d’analyser la structure et la dynamique de dépendance de crédit des institutions financières aux Etats-Unis et en Europe durant la crise financière de 2008. Un premier chapitre présente une revue de la littérature des modèles multi-dimensionnels de crédit et des modèles économétriques de contagion financière. Ce chapitre a pour vocation de guider notre réflexion à la fois conceptuelle et méthodologique sur les hypothèses analytiques de la contagion ainsi que ses méthodes de mesure. Nous montrons que si la contagion est devenue une hypothèse centrale des modèles multivariés de risque de crédit, il n’en reste néanmoins que sa définition et sa quantification ne font pas l’objet de consensus dans la littérature. Un deuxième chapitre propose une analyse empirique des co-movements des rendements de CDS de banques et sociétés d’assurance américaines et européennes. La dissociation de leur structure de dépendance entre association linéaire et dépendances extrêmes nous permet de mettre en évidence des phénomènes d'interconnexions entre institutions financières apparues au courant de la crise et véhiculant ainsi sous l'effet de la contagion, un risque systémique croissant. Un dernier chapitre présente une interprétation économique des résultats obtenus dans notre deuxième chapitre. En particulier, nous cherchons à quantifier l'influence jouée par la contagion et les facteurs de risques communs sur la dynamique de dépendance extrême des institutions financières. Nous démontrons ainsi le rôle du risque de contrepartie, du risque de liquidité et du risque de défaut des institutions financières dans la transmission de la contagion sur le marché de CDS. / This thesis examines the credit dependence structure and dynamics of financial institutions in the U.S. and Europe amid the recent financial crisis. A first chapter presents a survey of multi-name models of credit risk and econometric models of financial contagion with the purpose of guiding both the analytical and conceptual assumptions and econometric modelling techniques we use in the subsequent chapters. We show that if contagion has become a central cornerstone of multi-name models of credit risk, there is nonetheless a lack of consensus on the way to both define and measure it. A second chapter presents the results of an empirical analysis of U.S. and European banks and insurance companies’ CDS return extreme co-movements. By uncovering financial institutions' linear as well as extremal dependence structures, we provide evidence that their credit dependence has strengthened during the crisis, thereby effectively conveying, in the face of extreme tail events, potential systemic risks. A third and last chapter provides an economic rationale of the results presented in our second chapter. In particular, we examine the impact of common risk factors and contagion on the dynamics of financial institutions' extremal credit dependence. We demonstrate the role of counterparty risk and liquidity risk, as well the repricing by market participants since July 2007 of their jump-to-default premia as additional channels driving financial institutions' increased dependence and amplifying contagion on the CDS market. Crise financière Institutions financières Dépendance de crédit Contagion Risque de crédit Valeurs extrêmes Structure de dépendance Risque de contrepartie Simulation Monte Carlo Régression quantile Corrélations dynamiques Financial crisis Financial institutions Credit Default Swap (CDS) Credit depedence Contagion Extremes Dependence structure Credit risk Default risk Counterparty risk Monte Carlo simulation Quantile regression Dynamic correlation
104	Biogéographie du microclimat foliaire : mécanismes et conséquences sur les relations plantes-insectes / Biogeography of the leaf microclimate : mechanisms and consequences on insect-plant interactions Caillon, Robin 29 January 2016 (has links) Les performances du végétal et des arthropodes dont il constitue le microhabitat dépendent des températures de surface foliaire. Celles-ci peuvent dévier fortement de la température de l’air et présenter des niveaux d’hétérogénéité différents selon l'échelle spatiale considérée. La feuille atténue les températures extrêmes en rapprochant son amplitude de variation journalière de celle de la température de l’air. Cependant, cette réponse diminue l’hétérogénéité des températures de surface foliaire et les capacités de thermorégulation comportementale des arthropodes à l'échelle de la feuille. Les températures moyennes de surface foliaire atténuent peu le réchauffement, et déterminent localement la performance photosynthétique du végétal. De l’échelle de la feuille à celle de la canopée, les plantes montrent des réponses différentes au réchauffement. Ce type de changement d'échelle est primordial pour améliorer notre compréhension de l'impact des changements climatiques. / Plant performance and leaf-dwelling arthropods are impacted by leaf surface temperatures. Leaf surface temperatures can show important deviation from air temperature and present different levels of heterogeneity depending on the spatial scale. The leaf buffers temperature extremes by getting closer in amplitude to air temperature. However, this physiological response decreases the heterogeneity of temperatures at the leaf surface and the opportunities for arthropods to behavioraly thermoregulate in this microclimate. Mean temperatures at the leaf surface show low buffering abilities in response to warming and locally determine photosynthetic performance. From the leaf to the canopy scale, plants show different responses to warming and scaling is crucial to increase our understanding of the impact of global warming. Acariens Canopée Changement climatique Échelle spatiale Écologie biophysique Écologie quantitative Extrêmes Feuille Gradient latitudinal Hétérogénéité Microclimat Microhabitat Moyenne Photosynthèse Plasticité physiologique Phytophages Pucerons Réchauffement Relations plantes-arthropodes Résistance thermique Température Température corporelle Température létale Thermorégulation comportementale Variance Aphids Behavioural thermoregulation Biophysical ecology Body temperature Canopy Climate change Extremes Heterogeneity Latitudinal gradient Leaf Lethal temperature Mean Microclimate Microhabitat Photosynthesis Physiological plasticity Phytophagous Plant-arthropods relationship Quantitative ecology Spatial scale Spider mites Temperature Thermal resistance Variance Warming
105	Adorno on Music and Politics Mariasin, Dalia January 2020 (has links) This study aims to discern and assess Theodor Adorno’s theories on music as an ‘art’ and how it impacts both the political and social landscape of society; more broadly, the purposes of this paper is to identify, and determine the significance of, the relationship between music and politics – that is, whether or not, and how, music can emancipate society from capitalist enslavement. In juxtaposing Adorno’s theories, the opinions of Herbert Marcuse will be discussed as well. As both theorists are considered integral to the creation and development of critical theory of the Frankfurt School, it is only logical to examine their theories and ideologies in detail to determine the role of music as an ‘art’ in the overarching scheme of political scaffolding within which society resides. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) Adorno Marcuse art music culture industry modernity Mahler capitalism Schoenberg jazz music emancipation false consciousness bourgeoisie class mass deception false needs 'dark' art mass enslavement class conflict 'autonomous' art pop music swing bands 12-tone scale 'extremes' 'high' art 'low' art modernism mass consciousness propaganda conformity anti-conformity culture liberation commercialization commodification 'commodity fetish' fetish of music technique tonality atonality 'art for art's sake' critical reflection status quo

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