Despite a long history of investigations on protective ant-plant interactions, since the late 19century (Thomas Belt 1874), a comprehensive quantitative understanding of the adaptations that facilitate these associations between plants and ants and the differential importance of these adaptations in predicting the benefits and costs to each partner and in shedding light on the evolutionary trajectories of this ecologically widespread interaction is yet to be realized. In the present study we have experimentally shown that the identity of the ant species (T. albipes), the abundance of this ant species and the composition of EFN produced by floral buds and young leaves of H. brunonis plant populations contribute to facilitating protection of floral bud inflorescences and young leaves of H. brunonis populations in a particular site. Of all the 16 ant species that inhabit the domatia of H. brunonis at several sites, the plant has found its protective ant partner only in the dolichoderine ant T. albipes and that too, only in the southernmost site In our experimental set up of three populations of H. brunonis at three different latitudes, where each site is separated from another site by at least 200 km, we have shown that only the southernmost population (Solaikolli) in protected by the ant species T. albipes. Although T. albipes is found in two of the three populations used in the present study (Sampaji and Solaikolli), it is present in a relatively larger abundance both within the domatia of H. brunonis and in the terrestrial stratum only in the southernmost site Solaikolli and is hence able to protect the EFN producing structures of H. brunonis at this site. In comparison, T. albipes is found in low abundance both in the domatia and in the terrestrial stratum in the site Sampaji and does not protect EFN producing plant parts of H. brunonis at this site. We have also experimentally shown that the young leaves of H. brunonis at this southernmost site Solaikolli are protected to a greater extent than the floral bud inflorescences, since T. albipes preferentially utilized EFN produced by young leaves compared to EFN produced by floral buds at this site. Moreover, we have also shown that the floral buds of H. brunonis in the northernmost site are unprotected for two reasons: i. the absence of the protective ant species T.albipes at this site. ii. The EPN produced by some of floral buds at this site is differentially utilized to a much lower extent than floral buds from other sites due to EFN from Agumbe being > 400-fold more viscous than the EFN produced by floral buds at the other two sites (sampaji and Solaikolli) (at 30º C). Although previous studies have independently shown that the identity of the ant partner (Janzen 1966, Schemske 1980, Horvitz and Schemske 1984, Heads 1986, Oliveira et al. 1987a, b; Jaffe et al. 1989, RicoGray and Thien 1989, Davidson et al. 1991) and the abundance of the protective ant species (Koptur 1984, Rocha and Bergallo 1992, Di Giusto et al. 2001) are important in predicting the protective outcome of the interaction between a plant species and its interacting ants, few studies have examined these two factors along with an examination of the EFN volume and composition (Inouye and Inouye 1980, Rudgers and Gardener 2004) and differential utilization of these qualitatively different EFNs produced by different populations of the same ant plant. Humboldtia brunonis and its interacting ant species provides a unique system to address questions about the evolution of ecological specialization and the evolution of preadapted plant traits that facilitate interactions between plants and ants (especially domatia), due to its unique polymorphism for the presence of caulinary domatia and its widespread abundance in the low-elevation wet-evergreen forests of the Western Ghats.

Pollination, one of our ecosystem services, is considered to be in critical condition due to a worldwide reduction in pollinators and their biodiversity. As the agricultural landscape becomes more and more intense, the pollinators lose important food and living resources.     In temperate ecosystems, bumblebees (Bombus spp) are an important group of wild pollinators, and as with pollinators in general, they are declining in both abundance and richness, in Sweden as well as other countries.      The purpose of this study was to see if bumblebee species number of a location is linked to the location’s number of flowering angiosperm species in northwestern Scania when examining eight locations, and to see if gene flow existed between four chosen locations.        The result of this study suggests that it is not possible to tell from the flowering angiosperm species how many bumblebee species that will be abundant, but that it might be possible to tell the number of bumblebee individuals. With the number of bumblebee species, the abundant Fabaceae species was more important than the total number of flowering angiosperms of the location. The number of abundant Fabaceae species was strongly correlated to the bumblebee diversity index of the locations, indicating that it is a group of flowers closely linked to bumblebees.      To see if gene flow occurred between the chosen locations, mtDNA sequences were compared in neighbor joining trees. The result showed that though some tendencies of isolation existed, gene flow seemed to occur in general between the locations in that fragmented and human dominated landscape of northwestern Scania.

A revision of 45 South African species of Argyrolobium is presented comprising nomenclature, typification, recorded distributions and full descriptions. In an attempt to reduce confusion between subtly different species, diagnostic characters are listed and comprehensive illustrations are provided. The dissertation includes numerous taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. Currently two sections are recognised based on fruit morphology. This is replaced by a system of five new sections based on morphological, micromorphological and phytogeographical evidence. Constraints and advantages of floral dimorphism and monomorphism are discussed with respect to the fecundity and distribution of sections. It is proposed that the occurrence of facultative cleistogamy in two sections has enhanced their success and distribution. Generic and specific phylogeny is interpreted using models generated through cladistic methodology. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1994.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotal.pdf: 5455916 bytes, checksum: ae9a50d359b6e994167f8e2b4e7150db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. (Fabaceae), popularly known as "rabo-de-bugio" or marmelo-do-mangue", it is a scandentia or semi-prostrate species, commonly found in estuaries, mangroves and dunes. It was observed that the bees collected a red exudate from the surface of the parts area of this species suggesting that this is the botanical origin of the red propolis. This study aimed to contribute to the chemotaxonomical knowledge of the genus Dalbergia and of the family Fabaceae through the phytochemical study of the species D. ecastophyllum. The plant material was collected in Rio Tinto - Paraíba and a voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Systematics and Ecology - UFPB with the code 45738 (JPB). For the phytochemical study, the plant material, after drying and pulverization, was subjected to extraction processes, and partition chromatography to isolate the chemical constituents. The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, such as IR and 1H NMR and 13C one and two-D, and comparisons with models of literature. From the hexane phase, the triterpene friedelin, two mixtures of steroids, non-glycosylated and glycosylated (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) and a mixture of three triterpenes (lupeol, β-amyrin and germanicol) were obtained. From the dichloromethane phase two isoflavones, biochanin A and 2' - hydroxy - 5' - metoxibiochanin A were isolated and identified , this latter substance is being reported for the first time in the genus, thus contributing to the chemotaxonomy of the genus Dalbergia and family Fabaceae. / Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. (Fabaceae), popularmente conhecida como rabo-de-bugio ou marmelo-do-mangue, é uma espécie escandente ou semi-prostrada, encontrada associada a estuários, mangues e dunas. Foi observado que as abelhas coletavam o exsudato vermelho da superfície dessa espécie sugerindo ser essa é a origem botânica da própolis vermelha. Este trabalho objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento quimiotaxonômico do gênero Dalbergia e da família Fabaceae através do estudo fitoquímico da espécie D. ecastophyllum. Logo, o material vegetal foi coletado em Rio Tinto Paraíba e depositado no Herbário do Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia UFPB com o código 45738 (JPB). Para o estudo fitoquímico, o vegetal, após secagem e pulverização, foi submetido a processos de extração, partição e cromatografia para isolamento dos constituintes químicos. A estrutura química dos mesmos foi determinada por métodos espectroscópicos, como: Infravermelho e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais, além de comparações com modelos da literatura. Da fase hexânica obteve-se o triterpeno friedelina, duas misturas de esteroides não glicosilado e glicosilado (β-sitosterol e estigmasterol) e uma mistura com três triterpenos (lupeol, β-amirina e germanicol). Da fase diclorometano foi isolado e identificado dois isoflavonoides, o biochanin A e 2 -hidroxi-5 -metoxibiochanin A, sendo essa última substância relatada pela primeira vez no gênerol, contribuindo, portanto para a quimiotaxonomia do gênero Dalbergia e da família Fabaceae.

A espécie Poiretia latifolia Vogel pertence à família Leguminosae, nativa da região sul do Brasil, pouquíssimo estudada pela comunidade científica tanto do ponto de vista químico quanto do farmacológico. Entretanto, relata-se que contém entre seus compostos secundários cerca de 0,4% de óleos essenciais. Este trabalho visou desenvolver nanoemulsões contendo o óleo essencial de Poiretia latifolia e seus constituintes majoritários carvona e/ou limoneno e avaliar as atividades antioxidantes, antibacteriana e antifúngica do óleo e das formulações obtidas. Assim , obteve-se, pelo método de hidrodestilação, o óleo volátil de folhas frescas desta espécie em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (brotamento, frutificação e floração). Na análise da composição química do óleo obtido foi possível identificar 21 compostos com predominância dos monoterpenos carvona (27,69%), trans-dihidrocarvona (37,08%) e limoneno (23,23% ), seguindo-se dos compostos f3-pineno (3,31% ), e císpinocanfona sendo essa última detectável apenas nos estádios de brotamento e floração (6,08%). A determinação do equilíbrio hidrófilo-lipófiilo (EHL) para os compostos carvona e limoneno revelou os valores de 9 e 11, respectivamente. A partir do óleo essencial e seus compostos majoritários, limoneno e carvona, foi possível a obtenção de nanoemulsões utilizando-se o método de inversão de fases a temperatura ambiente de 25 °C, contendo 5% de princípio ativo e 5% de tensoativos, com tamanho médio de partícula inferior a 400 nm. A atividade antioxidante foi realizada pela metodologia do sequestro do radical DPPH, espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs) e B-caroteno/ácido linoleico. Os resultados demonstram que o óleo de P. latifolia puro mostrou-se eficiente no ensaio de B-caroteno/ácido linoleico com valor de IC50% de 508,20 IJg/mL. Com relação à atividade antifúngica, a atividade da associação carvona + limoneno demonstrou importante atividade frente ao fungo Trichophyton rubrum, apresentando um valor de CIM de 4 IJg/mL para o sistema isolado e de 64 IJg/mL para o sistema nanoemulsionado, contendo 5% dos compostos associados na proporção de 1/1 (p/p ). Frente a estes resultados, concluise que o óleo essencial de Poiretia latifolia tem potencial para ser usado como conservante de sistemas hidrofóbicos e a associação dos compostos majoritários carvona e limoneno mostra efeito sinérgico como agente antifúngico para o controle do agente dermatofítico Trichophyton rubrum. / Poiretia /atifolia is a species belonging to the family leguminosae, native to the southern region of Brazil, very little studied by the scientific community. lt contains, among its secondary compounds, about 0.4% of essential oils. This work aimed to develop nanoemulsions containing the essential oi I of Poiretia latifolia and its major compounds carvone and I or limonene; and to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the oil , major compounds and the formulations obtained. Thus, the volatile oil of fresh leaves of this species at different stages of development (budding, fruiting and flowe ring) was obtained by the hydrodistillation method. In the analysis of the chemical composition of the oil obtained, it was possible to identify 21 compounds with predominance of the monoterpenes carvone (27 .69% ), trans-dihydrocarvone (37 .08%) and limonene (23.23%), followed by ~-pinene (3.31 %), and cis-pinocan fone detectable only at the budding and flowering stages (6.08%). The determination of EHL for the carvone and limonene compounds showed values of 9 and 11 , respectively. From the essential oil and its major compounds, limonene and carvone, it was poss ible to obtain nanoemulsions using the inversion phase method at room temperature. The formulations contained 5% of active principie and 5% of surfactants, with size mean of less than 400 nm. The antioxidant activity was performed by the sequestration method of the DPPH radical, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) and ~-carote n e I linoleic acid. The results showed that pure P. latifolia oil was efficient in the assay of ~carotenellinoleic acid with IC 50% of 508.20 ~g/ml. In relation to the antifungal activity, the activity of. the carvone and limonene association showed an important activity against the Trichophyton rubrum fungus. The MICs va lues were 4 ~glml and 64 ~g/ml , respectively, for isolated compounds and the nanoemulsified system containing 5% of limonene and carvone in the ratio of 111 (w I w). As conclusion, the essential oil of Poiretia latifolia has potential to be used as a preservative of hydrophobic systems. The major compounds carvone and limonene combination shows a synergistic antifungal effect for the contrai of the dermatophytic agent Trichophyton rubrum.

Linha de pesquisa: Produ??o e nutri??o de ruminantes. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-05-08T14:59:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) angelo_herbet_moreira_arcanjo.pdf: 478107 bytes, checksum: 8dc6cf1176961d3c6625b4e504a2a551 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T13:54:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) angelo_herbet_moreira_arcanjo.pdf: 478107 bytes, checksum: 8dc6cf1176961d3c6625b4e504a2a551 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T13:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) angelo_herbet_moreira_arcanjo.pdf: 478107 bytes, checksum: 8dc6cf1176961d3c6625b4e504a2a551 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou com esse trabalho avaliar a curva de desidrata??o e a perda de nutrientes de tr?s leguminosas forrageiras tropicais durante a fena??o. O estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Moura ? UFVJM, localizada no munic?pio de Curvelo MG. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo tr?s esp?cies de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais (Estilosantes Campo Grande, Puer?ria e Macrotiloma) e tr?s fases de desidrata??o (1? fase: 0 a 8h; 2? fase: 12 a 20h; e 3? fase: 24 a 32 horas de secagem), com quatro repeti??es. As diferen?as entre as m?dias foram analisadas pelo teste Tukey (p<0,05). As forrageiras foram cortadas manualmente, picadas e espalhadas sobre lonas pl?sticas para otimiza??o da desidrata??o. A desidrata??o das forrageiras teve in?cio ?s 9:00 do dia 21 de fevereiro. O procedimento de amostragem foi realizado a cada 2 horas, no primeiro dia, e a cada 4 horas, no segundo e terceiro dias. Nos tempos previamente estabelecidos, as amostras foram identificadas, pesadas e submetidas a estufa de circula??o for?ada a temperatura de 55oC por 72h para a pr? secagem. Para a determina??o da curva de desidrata??o e quantifica??o da perda de nutrientes durante a desidrata??o foram realizadas as seguintes an?lises bromatol?gicas: mat?ria seca (MS), mat?ria mineral (MM), fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinza e prote?na (FDNcp), fibra em detergente ?cido (FDA), extrato et?reo (EE), prote?na bruta (PB), nitrog?nio n?o proteico (NNP) e carboidratos sol?vel (CHOS). Foram tamb?m estimados os teores de carboidratos totais (CHT), carboidrato n?o fibroso (CNF) e nutrientes digest?veis totais (NDT). Durante a curva de desidrata??o foi observada maior efici?ncia de secagem para as esp?cies Estilosantes e Puer?ria. Ao fim dos tempos de avalia??o, o Macrotiloma apresentou teor de umidade superior ao recomendado para armazenamento. As tr?s leguminosas apresentaram aumento crescente do teor de MS em fun??o do tempo de desidrata??o. N?o foram observados efeitos para os teores de MM, FDNcp, FDA, CNF, CHT e NDT no decorrer da curva de desidrata??o. O Estilosantes e o Macrotiloma apresentaram perda nos teores de EE na primeira fase, o Macrotiloma apresentou os maiores teores de EE entre as esp?cies estudadas. A Puer?ria apresentou acr?scimo no teor de PB da primeira fase para a segunda e foi leguminosa que apresentou maior teor desse nutriente entre as leguminosas estudadas. As tr?s leguminosas apresentaram redu??o nos teores de NNP na primeira para a segunda fase da curva de desidrata??o. O Macrotiloma foi a ?nica leguminosa que apresentou redu??o dos teores de CHOS durante a curva de desidrata??o e a leguminosa que apresentou os maiores teores deste constituinte. O Estilosantes foi a leguminosa que apresentou a desidrata??o mais eficiente durante o processo de fena??o, chegando mais rapidamente ao teor de umidade recomendado para o armazenamento. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The objective with this study was to evaluate the dehydration curve and nutrient loss of three tropical forage legumes during haymaking. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Moura- UFVJM, located in Curvelo MG. A completely randomized design in a factorial 3 x 3, three species of tropical forage legumes was adopted (Stilosanthes Campo Grande, Kudzu and Macrotyloma) and three stages of dehydration (Phase 1: 0 to 8 am; 2nd phase: 12 to 20h; and phase 3: 24 to 32 hours of drying), with four replications. Differences between means were analyzed by the Tukey test (p <0.05). The foragers were manually cut, chopped and spread on plastic sheeting to optimize the dehydration. The dehydration of fodder began at 9:00 am on 21 February. The sampling procedure was performed every 2 hours on the first day and every 4 hours in the second and third days. In the time previously established, samples were identified, weighed and subjected to forced circulation oven temperature 55?C for 72h for pre-drying. For the determination of the dehydration curve and quantifying the loss of nutrients during dehydration were performed the following chemical analysis: dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and soluble carbohydrates (SCHO). It was also estimated the total carbohydrates (TCH), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). During dehydration curve was greater drying efficiency for Stilosanthes and Kudzu species. At the end of the assessment times, Macrotyloma presents moisture content higher than recommended for storage. The three legumes have increasing the dry matter content due to the dehydration time. No effects for MM, NDF, FDA, CNF, CHT and NDT during the dehydration curve. The Stilosanthes and Macrotyloma showed loss in EE levels in the first phase, the Macrotyloma showed the highest EE levels among the studied species. The Kudzu has increased in the first phase CP content for the second and was legume with the highest content of this nutrient among the studied legumes. The three legumes have reduced the NPN content in the first to the second phase of dehydration curve. The Macrotyloma was the only legume that decreased the SCHO contents during dehydration curve and legumes that presented the highest levels of this constituent. The Stilosanthes was legume that presented the most efficient dehydration during the haying process, coming faster to the moisture content recommended for storage.

At the beginning, the plant domestication was probably a non-conscious process. Later, it changed to a targeted process, when the cultural crops were developed from wild species due to human activities. Some crops occurred as a weed of the first cultural species in the past and were selected for individual crops during the domestication. The very beginning of the domestication can be found in neolithic era, when humans chan- ged their way of life from picking & hunting to agriculture & shepherdy. Change of climate after the last ice age was probably one of the reasons. Wild plants as a whole differ from cultural crops in set of domestication characters. Domesticated crops have for example bigger fruits (tomato plant - Solanum lycopersicum L.), contain lower amount of toxic substances (solanine, potato - S. tuberosum L.), natural spreading of seeds and dormancy were inhibited (pea - Pisum L.) etc. Spontaneous releasing of seeds was a big issue already in the past, and is a big issue also now. Afford to avoid this behavior was exerted from the beginning of agriculture. Plants developed various mechanisms of seed spreading into their surroundings for the purposes of species preservation. Legumes developed explosive seed spreading. Shrinking pod valves exert tension on both junctions and once the critical force was reached, the pod suddenly opens. During this action, the pod orientation changes (the tip obliquely upwards) and the seeds are catapulted up to several meters into surroundings. The objective of this work was to narrow mapping interval of the pod shattering ge- ne (Dpo1) in pea (Pisum L.) and focus on evaluation of phenotype of recombinant in- bred lines (RILs). Several RILs formed by crossbreeding of contract parent genotypes of P. elatius were used Steven ex M. Bieb. JI64 × clutural pea P. sativum L. JI92 and reci- procal crossbreeding JI92 × JI64; P. elatius Steven ex M. Bieb. VIR320 × cultural pea P. sativum L. WL1238. Next objective was a comparison anatomical analysis of pod structure in the area of ventral and dorsal junction and endocarp structure.

LANDIM, Patrícia Gadelha de Castro. Xiloglucanas e galactomananas de leguminosas: interação com lectinas D-galactose-ligantes. 2007. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T12:54:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_pgclandim.pdf: 1768165 bytes, checksum: f8cb9e6a16de4f08d984b33f047c8bd5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-02T20:08:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_pgclandim.pdf: 1768165 bytes, checksum: f8cb9e6a16de4f08d984b33f047c8bd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T20:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_pgclandim.pdf: 1768165 bytes, checksum: f8cb9e6a16de4f08d984b33f047c8bd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Polysaccharides are found in large quantity in seeds and they represent the main compounds of cell wall or reservoir. Among reservoir compounds, it included cotyledonary xyloglucans and endospermic galactomannans. The xyloglucans are made of a main chain of β-D-(1→4)-glucan with α-(1→6) ramifications of D-xylopyranoside or β-D-galactopyranoside-(1→2)-D-xylopyranoside residues. Endospermic galactomannans are polimeric chains of β-D-mannopyranosil (1→4) and replaceabled in O-6 for units of α-D-galactopyranosil. The aim of this work is investigate the interaction of xyloglucans and galactomannans with galactose bounding lectins and show the possibility of the usage of these polysaccharides as cheap and useful chromatographic matrices for isolation and determination of anomeric specificity of galactose bounding lectins. The interactions of lectins from seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia (frutalin), Artocarpus incisa (jacalin), Ricinus communis (ricin) e Arachis hypogaea (PNA) were performed with coluns of xyloglucans of seeds from Copaifera langsdorffii, Mucuna sloanei and Hymenaea courbaril (MC, MMu, MJ, respectively) and galactomannans from Mimosa scabrella, Stryphnodendron barbatiman, Adenanthera pavonina and Dimorphandra mollis (MM, MS, MA; MD, respectively). The galactomannans showed the best colun interaction capacity for the jacalin (MA – 0,92 mg ; MM – 1,48 mg ; MD –0,88 mg ; MS – 0,83 mg) and frutalin (MA – 0,99 mg ; MM – 1,09 mg ; MD - 0,94 mg ; MS - 0,85 mg) lectins. Remarkably the M. scabrella galactomannan showed the best colun interaction among all lectins analysed. On the other hand, ricin was better hold in coluns made of xyloglucan (MMu – 2,17 mg ;MJ – 1,30 mg; MC – 2,83 mg). For PNA lectin, differences were detected in colun interaction capacity. The best colun interaction was with the M. sloanei matrix (0,12 mg) for PNA lectin. All coluns were fill with sample extract of flour from seeds and hemagglutination assays was performed with PI and PII. In these assays, hemagglutination activity was detected in both PI and PII from the coluns. For ricin, toxic activity was made and it was detected for all obtained chromatographic samples. With SDS-PAGE it was possible confirmed the purification of the studied lectins. The bands in polyacrilamid gel were the same for the lectins purified. In conclusion, it can be suggested the usage of xyloglucans and galactomannans for isolation, purification and determination of anomeric specificity of galactose-bounding lectins. / Polissacarídeos ocorrem em grandes quantidades nas sementes como componentes da parede celular ou como reserva. Dentre estes últimos, incluem-se as xiloglucanas cotiledonárias e as galactomananas endospérmicas. As xiloglucanas apresentam uma cadeia principal de β-D-(1→4)-glucana ramificada com ligações α-(1→6) por resíduos D-xilopiranosídeos ou β-D-galactopiranosídeo-(1→2)-D-xilopiranosídeos, enquanto as galactomananas endospérmicas consistem em cadeias poliméricas de resíduos β-D-manopiranosil (1→4) ligados, substituídos em O-6 por unidades de α-D-galactopiranosil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a interação de xiloglucanas e galactomananas com lectinas galactose-ligantes e, assim, sugerir o uso de tais polissacarídeos como alternativa barata e eficaz na preparação de matrizes cromatográficas para o isolamento e determinação da especificidade anomérica de novas lectinas. Dessa forma, as interações das lectinas das sementes de Artocarpus integrifolia (frutalina), Artocarpus incisa (jacalina), Ricinus communis (ricina) e Arachis hypogaea (PNA) com matrizes de xiloglucanas de sementes de Copaifera langsdorffii, Mucuna sloanei e Hymenaea courbaril (MC, MMu, MJ, respectivamente) e de galactomananas de Mimosa scabrella, Stryphnodendron barbatiman, Adenanthera pavonina e Dimorphandra mollis (MM, MS, MA; MD, respectivamente) foram analisadas. As galactomananas apresentaram melhor capacidade de retenção da jacalina (MA – 0,92 mg ; MM – 1,48 mg ; MD –0,88 mg ; MS – 0,83 mg) e da frutalina (MA – 0,99 mg ; MM – 1,09 mg ; MD – 0,94 mg ; MS – 0,85 mg), lectinas que possuem especificidade por α-D-galactose. Vale destacar que a galactomanana de M. scabrella apresentou melhor capacidade de retenção da lectinas testadas. Por outro lado a ricina, capaz de ligar-se aos dois anômeros, mas que se liga preferencialmente ao anômero β, teve maior massa retida nas colunas de xiloglucana (MMu – 2,17 mg ;MJ – 1,30 mg; MC – 2,83 mg). Houve diferença nos perfis de retenção da PNA, que também se liga aos anômeros α e β da galactose, sendo que a melhor retenção foi na coluna contendo matriz de M. sloanei (0,12 mg). As colunas foram todas saturadas com extrato bruto a partir das farinhas das sementes, para que se utilizasse a capacidade máxima de retenção de cada matriz. Atividade hemaglutinante foi detectada em ambos os picos PI e PII. Para a ricina, atividade tóxica foi realizada e detectada para todos os PII obtidos. Por meio de SDS-PAGE, a pureza de cada uma das lectinas foi confirmada. Diante dos resultados expostos, pode-se sugerir o uso de xiloglucanas e galactomananas para o isolamento, purificação e determinação da especificidade anomérica de lectinas galactose-ligantes.

CARVALHO, Jarbas Lima de. Estudo químico e biológico de Bauhinia pulchella Benth. 2014. 146 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em química)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T14:50:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_jlcarvalho.pdf: 7177346 bytes, checksum: ac2dbd41102c794d8982223a01d9189a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-11T18:26:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_jlcarvalho.pdf: 7177346 bytes, checksum: ac2dbd41102c794d8982223a01d9189a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T18:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_jlcarvalho.pdf: 7177346 bytes, checksum: ac2dbd41102c794d8982223a01d9189a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This present work reports the chemical and biological analysis of the stem and leaves from Bauhinia pulchella. In this study, the ethanol extract from stems was obtained by maceration, subjected to chromatographic fractionation, leading to isolation of three flavonoids: (+)-3’,4’-dihydroxyphenyl-chroman-7-ol (BP-2), (-)-fisetinidol (BP-3) and (+)-epicatechin (BP-4); a mixture of triterpenes taraxerone and β-amyrenone (BP-1); a mixture of steroids sitosterol and stigmasterol (BP-5); and a bibenzyl named 2-hydroxy-3’,5’-dimethoxybibenzyl (BP-6). It is notewhorthy to mention that BP-1 and BP-4 substances are unprecedented in the genus, while BP-2 is unpublished. Chemical structures of secondary metabolites obtained were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR; IR and MS associated with comparison of data described in the literature. Chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of B. pulchella, obtained by hydrodistillation, was determined and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC/FID), which identified 95,68% of all constituents. α-pinene (23.89%); caryophyllene oxide (22.43%) and β-pinene (12.19%) were the major components. The essential oil was tested against Aedes aegypti larvae and showed LC50 value of 105.93 ± 1.48 μg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of essential oil was evaluated on human tumor cell lines (HL-60; MCF-7; NCI-H292 and HEP-2) was evaluated, showing IC50 values with confidence intervals of 9.941 (8.238 to 12.00), 53.05 (41.39 to 67.99), 48.98 (44.22 to 54.25) and 50.42 (42.47 to 59.87) μg/mL, respectively and the cell line HL-60 the most sensitive among the cells tested. This is the first report of the chemical study of Bauhinia pulchella, as well the investigation of larvicidal activity and cytotoxicity of the essential oil from its leaves. / O presente trabalho relata o estudo químico e biológico do caule e das folhas de Bauhinia pulchella. Nesse estudo, o extrato etanólico do caule, obtido por maceração, foi submetido a fracionamento cromatográfico levando ao isolamento de três flavonoides (+)-3’-4’diidroxifenil-cromano-7-ol (BP-2), (-)-fisetinidol (BP-3) e (+)-epicatequina (BP-4); da mistura de triterpenos taraxerona e β-amirenona (BP-1); da mistura de esteroides sitosterol e estigmasterol (BP-5) e de um bibenzil denominado 2-hidróxi-3’-5’-dimetoxibibenzila (BP-6). Cabe ressaltar que as substâncias BP-1 e BP-4 são inéditas no gênero, enquanto BP-2 é inédita na literatura. As estruturas dos metabólitos secundários isolados foram elucidadas por RMN 1H e 13C; IV e EM, juntamente com a comparação com os dados descritos na literatura. A composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de B. pulchella, obtido por hidrodestilação, foi determinada e quantificada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e detector de ionização por chama (CG-DIC), sendo, portanto, identificados 95,68% dos seus constituintes: α-pineno (23,89%), óxido de cariofileno (22,43%) e β-pineno (12,19%) foram os constituintes majoritários. O óleo essencial teve sua atividade larvicida sobre Aedes aegypti avaliada, sendo obtido um valor de CL50 igual a 105,93 ± 1,48 μg/mL. O poder citotóxico do óleo essencial foi avaliado sobre as linhagens tumorais humanas HL-60, MCF-7, NCI-H292 e HEP-2, sendo obtidos valores de CI50 e intervalos de confiança iguais a 9,941 (8,238 a 12,00); 53,05 (41,39 a 67,99); 48,98 (44,22 a 54,25) e 50,42 (42,47 a 59,87) μg/mL, respectivamente, sendo a linhagem celular HL-60 a mais sensível dentre as células testadas. Este é o primeiro relato do estudo químico de Bauhinia pulchella, bem como da investigação da atividade larvicida e citotóxica do óleo essencial de suas folhas.

AMARO, M. S. Germinação de sementes e mobilização de reservas em plantas de copaíba sob estresses hídrico e salino. 2012. 133 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2012. / Submitted by Francisco Lacerda (lacerda@ufc.br) on 2014-07-24T19:33:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_msamaro.pdf: 2190744 bytes, checksum: 1da221486dd7dcb7ee699d3839195f0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-08-06T21:13:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_msamaro.pdf: 2190744 bytes, checksum: 1da221486dd7dcb7ee699d3839195f0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T21:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_msamaro.pdf: 2190744 bytes, checksum: 1da221486dd7dcb7ee699d3839195f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The objective of this research was to evaluate different techniques for breaking dormancy, the germination under saline conditions and drought, the development of seedlings subjected to different potentials of solutes and NaCl stress conditions relate to the cotyledonary reserve mobilization in seedlings Copaifera langsdorffii. The treatments of over come consisted of immersion in water/24, 48 and 72 h, hot water, 50, 75 C and boiling water/10’, 15’ and 20’ and H2SO4 (98,08%)/15, 30’ and 60’ min and control. For stress conditions, the seeds were immersed in 100 ml of NaCl or PEG 6000 with a potential of the solute, [0,0 (control), -0,2, -0,4, -0,6, -0,8 and -1,0 MPa]. The water absorption, was evaluated (168 h) germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT). For the mobilization of the reserves were used as the same solute potential with NaCl above. Sowing was on paper germitest and germination in a germination chamber of the BOD at 25 ºC and photoperiod of 12 h, consisting of five replicates of 25 seeds per treatment. Studies of the effects of NaCl was done in three stages of developing an ED (radicle with 5 ± 2 cm) ED 2 (issuing protophilus) and ED 3 (protophilus expanded), taking as reference quiescent seeds (DE 0). 15 seedlings per replicate were separated into cotyledons and axis. Quantified the dry mass of cotyledons and axis, the levels of lipids, proteins, starch, soluble sugars, amino acids and Na+, K+ and Cl-. We evaluated the activities of enzymes: lipase, the isocitrate lyase, malate synthase, α and β-amylases and starch phosphorylase in the cotyledons of seedlings grown in distilled water and in NaCl solutions with solute potential of -0,4 and -0,8 MPa. The water absorption by seeds copaiba was higher and faster in the treatments with boiling water and sulfuric acid. The PEG 6000 and NaCl delayed the time of soaking, Overall, the immersion in H2SO4 performed best in breaking dormancy. In stressful conditions, NaCl had no influence on %G, however, reduced the (IVG) and increased the TMG, the solute potential of -0,6, -0,8 and -1,0 MPa. PEG reduced the %G in solute potential of -0,8 and -1,0 MPa and had a greater effect on IVG and TMG, compared with NaCl. The seeds were quiescent lipids as the main reserve. The increase in salinity inhibited the mobilization of reserves in the cotyledons of the seeds, especially in the solute potential of -0,8 and -1,0 MPa and increasing the concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the embryonic axis and cotyledons. Inhibition of the mobilization of reserves caused by salt provided an increase in soluble sugars in the cotyledons, this effect inhibited the growth and seedling development. The activities of enzymes in the metabolism of lipids and of starch phosphorylase were significantly inhibited with increasing salinity, with more effectively inhibited the enzymes of lipid metabolism. The seeds have a strong resist entry of water, the immersion of the seed in concentrated sulfuric acid for 60’ is effective to remove the barrier. For %G, the copaiba seeds under conditions that were tested are NaCl-tolerant and intolerant to PEG. The germination is less sensitive than the NaCl seedling stage. The NaCl in solute potential below -0,4 MPa negatively affects the growth and early development of seedlings of copaiba. / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar diferentes técnicas de superação de dormência, o comportamento germinativo sob condições salinas e de déficit hídrico, o desenvolvimento de plântulas submetidas a diferentes potenciais de solutos com NaCl e relacionar as condições estressantes com a mobilização de reservas cotiledonares em plântulas de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). Os tratamentos de superação de dormência constituíram-se de imersões em água/24, 48 e 72 h; água quente, 50, 75 ºC e fervente/10, 15 e 20 min, em H2SO4 (98,08)/15, 30 e 60 min e controle. Para as condições estressantes, as sementes foram imersas em 100 mL de solução de NaCl ou de PEG 6.000 com potenciais de solutos: [0,0 -0,2, -0,4, -0,6, -0,8 e -1,0 MPa]. Avaliaram-se a embebição (durante 168 h), percentagem de germinação (%G) índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e tempo médio de germinação (TMG). Para a mobilização das reservas, os tratamentos foram os mesmos potencias de solutos com NaCl. A semeadura foi em papel germitest e a germinação em câmara do tipo BOD a 25 ºC com fotoperíodo de 12 horas, com cinco repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Os estudos dos efeitos do NaCl nas plântulas de copaíba fez-se em três estádios de desenvolvimento: ED 1 (raiz com 5±2 cm); ED 2 (emissão dos protófilos) e ED 3 (protófilos expandidos), Quinze plântulas por repetição foram separadas em cotilédones e eixos embrionários. Quantificaram-se a massa seca dos cotilédones e dos eixos embrionários, os teores de lipídios, proteínas, amido, açúcares solúveis, aminoácidos e íons Na+, K+ e Cl-. Avaliaram-se as atividades das enzimas: lipase, liase do isocitrato, sintase do malato, α e β-amilases e fosforilase do amido nos cotilédones de plântulas cultivadas em água destilada e em soluções de NaCl com potenciais de solutos de 0,0, -0,4 e -0,8 MPa. A imersão das sementes de copaíba em ácido sulfúrico concentrado/60min é eficiente para embebição e superação da dormência. O PEG 6.000 e o NaCl atrasam a embebição. Nas condições estressantes, o NaCl -1,0 MPa não influencia no %G, mas, aumenta oIVG e reduz o TMG a partir do potencial de soluto de -0,6, MPa. O PEG reduz o %G a partir de -0,8 MPa com maior efeito no IVG e TMG, do que NaCl. Sementes de copaíba possuem 42% de lipídios, principal reserva. O potencial de soluto de -0,8 MPa inibe a mobilização de reservas e aumenta os teores de íons Na+ e Cl- nos cotilédones e eixos embrionários de sementes de copaíba. A inibição da mobilização das reservas causada pelo sal aumenta os teores de açúcares solúveis nos cotilédones e inibe o crescimento das plântulas. As sementes de copaíba apresentam forte resistência à entrada de água, a qual pode ser anulada com imersão em ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 60 min. Para o %G, as sementes testadas são tolerantes ao NaCl em -1,0 MPa e intolerantes ao PEG em potenciais de solutos equivalentes. A germinação é menos sensível ao NaCl do que a fase de plântula. O NaCl em potenciais de solutos abaixo de -0,4 MPa reduzem o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de copaíba. As atividades das enzimas do metabolismo dos lipídios e do amido são inibidas com o aumento da salinidade.