From time to time, small, fragile, previously unknown fossil invertebrates are found in specialized habitats. Occasionally, as in the present case, a fragment of the original habitat that existed millions of years ago is also preserved. The present article describes a previously unknown microinvertebrate in Dominican amber that cannot be placed in any group of extant invertebrates. Placed in a new family, genus, and species, the fossil shares characters with both tardigrades and mites, but clearly belongs to neither group. The several hundred fossil individuals preserved in the amber shared their moist, warm habitat with pseudoscorpions, nematodes, fungi, and protozoa. The large number of fossils provided additional evidence of their biology, including their reproductive behavior, developmental stages, and food. While there is no extant group that can accommodate these fossils, and we have no knowledge of any extant descendants, this discovery shows that unique lineages of minute invertebrates were surviving in the mid-Tertiary.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:46:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 411095.pdf: 2291961 bytes, checksum: c47aa07bf68b3d13ce117308addb0dc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / Trata a presente tese da an?lise da sociedade em busca do estabelecimento de suas pr?prias regras, antecipando o discurso da lei. Utiliza-se como material 137 processos que est?o sob a guarda do Arquivo P?blico do Rio Grande do Sul, da Secretaria da Administra??o e dos Recursos Humanos/SARH, que tramitaram nas Varas de Fam?lia da Comarca de Porto Alegre, referentes aos desquites (separa??es) amig?veis no per?odo de 1930 a 1964. Tal avalia??o medir? poss?veis implica??es de aspectos da fam?lia, como afetividade, viol?ncia, desencontro e dor nas decis?es proferidas pelo Poder Judici?rio, atrav?s dos enfoques da Hist?ria das Id?ias jur?dicas, na expectativa de se compreender as transforma??es sociais. ? preciso considerar, ainda, que, ao longo do percurso, a quest?o feminina se constitui o foco da presente tese. A velocidade das mudan?as sociais torna o discurso da lei ineficaz, uma vez que est? em total descompasso com a necessidade social, conduzindo a sociedade ? cria??o de suas pr?prias regras

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-10-10T11:55:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LINEU SANTOS.pdf: 1832935 bytes, checksum: c41e014e7f2cf2b7db633e51f1f152ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T11:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LINEU SANTOS.pdf: 1832935 bytes, checksum: c41e014e7f2cf2b7db633e51f1f152ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Whereas there are discussion on the income transfer of Bolsa Fam?lia Program, and their conditionalities, mainly regarding to the capacity of the school frequency to break the so called poverty inter-managerial cycle, this research proposes to analyse whether or not there are adopted pedagogical practices specifically related to the benefits of the Bolsa Fam?lia Program from the point of view of the management team of four (4) municipal schools in Campinas - SP, located in regions of greater social vulnerability according to the SEADE Foundation - Sistema Estadual de An?lise de Dados, and have achived the projected valuation ratios according to the Basic Education Development Index - IDEB, in the year of 2013. The research also aimed to analyse the degree of knowledge of managers in relation to the Bolsa Fam?lia Program. As a research procedure using semistructured interviews with six (6) managers, in order to analyze their conceptions and knowledge regarding the Program, as well as to indentify the adopted pedagogical practices in these spaces, where the beneficiaries' children of the Program study. As a result, we did not identify in the interviewees' discourse, practices specifically aimed at this public, but we identify other practices adopted in these spaces and classify them as to their ampleness, family participation, as well as the needs met,as to the method used and the public attended, we realize then, that there are efforts on the part of the management team, regarding the involvement of the family and community in the learning as well as an effort in the use of methods in order that the knowledge makes sense for the student, we also identified that the managers have a knowledge in relation to the Bolsa Fam?lia Program, mainly regarding the school attendance conditionality, but who do not believe in the potencial of such conditionality in the long-term porvety disruption / Considerando que existem in?meras discuss?es acerca do Programa de transfer?ncia de Renda Bolsa Fam?lia e de suas condicionalidades, principalmente no que se refere ? capacidade de a frequ?ncia escolar romper com o chamado ciclo intergeracional da pobreza, esta pesquisa se prop?e a analisar se existem ou n?o pr?ticas pedag?gicas adotadas relacionadas especificamente aos benefici?rios do Programa Bolsa Fam?lia, a partir do ponto de vista da equipe gestora de 4 (quatro) escolas municipais de Campinas ? SP, localizadas em regi?es de maior vulnerabilidade social de acordo com o mapa da Funda??o Sistema Estadual de An?lise de Dados (SEADE), e que atingiram os ?ndices projetados de avalia??o de acordo com o ?ndice de Desenvolvimento da Educa??o B?sica (IDEB) no ano de 2013. A pesquisa visou, tamb?m, analisar o grau de conhecimento dos gestores das escolas em rela??o ao Programa Bolsa Fam?lia. Como procedimento de pesquisa, utilizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis gestores no intuito de analisar suas concep??es e seus conhecimentos em rela??o ao Programa, assim como identificar as pr?ticas pedag?gicas adotadas nestes espa?os em que estudam os filhos dos benefici?rios do Programa. Como resultados, n?o identificamos no discurso dos(as) entrevistados(as) pr?ticas voltadas especificamente a este p?blico, por?m identificamos outras pr?ticas adotadas nestes espa?os e as classificamos quanto a sua amplitude, participa??o da fam?lia, quanto ?s necessidades atendidas, quanto ao m?todo utilizado e quanto ao p?blico atendido. Percebemos que existem esfor?os por parte da equipe gestora no que se refere ao envolvimento da fam?lia e da comunidade na aprendizagem, assim como um esfor?o na utiliza??o de m?todos a fim de que o conhecimento fa?a sentido para o aluno, identificamos, tamb?m, que os gestores t?m um bom conhecimento em rela??o ao Programa Bolsa Fam?lia, principalmente no que se refere ? condicionalidade de frequ?ncia escolar, mas que n?o acreditam no potencial dessa condicionalidade para o rompimento com a pobreza em longo prazo.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-06-25T17:57:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO GON?ALVES BORGES .pdf: 1935910 bytes, checksum: fa24f8358f35f69c49a842e9657389be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T17:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO GON?ALVES BORGES .pdf: 1935910 bytes, checksum: fa24f8358f35f69c49a842e9657389be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-15 / This survey aimed to explore the situation of ex-scholarship of Universidade para Todos Program (ProUni) of the Brazilian Federal Government who attended a Graduation course in a university in the interior of the State of S?o Paulo, graduated from 2008 until 2016. In a complementary sense, the objective was to understand importance conferred by graduates in higher education and participation in ProUni of former scholarship holders in relation to the improvement of their lives, as well as a more specific look at those with families benefited by Bolsa Fam?lia Program (PBF). The survey is based on the answers provided by 274 graduate students who answered the questionnaire provided in Google Docs. Among the conclusions of the research, personal efforts to overcome the situation of social and economic vulnerability through the academic trajectory were highlighted, that by the references consulted allows us to think of novelty when using this reference of PBF in conjunction with the ProUni. Encouraged by an affirmative public policy, the graduates exposed the importance of programs designed to break the cycle of misery. The study showed the personal, professional and social evolution acquired by the members of the group that, in the face of difficulties, multiplied the results of their trajectories in a positive way, an occurrence not always observed in their parents. It was observed in the PBF group, with greater vulnerability, the perception of greater percentage participation of blacks and browns, groups with more social difficulties. In these groups, the difficulties of job placement in formal activities were greater, which values personal results in obtaining a better economic situation. The graduates of the PBF dedicated themselves to the degrees in a greater percentage than the group ProUni only, multiplying the transformations conquered with the teaching work. Also the courses chosen by the graduates in higher education were coherent with the chosen professional paths, where vocation was prioritized before social legitimation through graduation. The desired social and economic evolution occurred naturally after academic development. The satisfaction of the graduates PBF was also higher than that of the graduates only ProUni. Even with greater difficulties to overcome and lower initial life conditions, the group of PBF beneficiaries showed greater satisfaction and achievement of their objectives. This text aims to contribute to the understanding of the importance of programs that facilitate the insertion of individuals in higher education to break the intergenerational cycle of misery and raise the economically vulnerable population to better social levels. / Esta pesquisa analisou a situa??o de ex-bolsistas do Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni) do Governo Federal brasileiro que frequentaram curso de educa??o superior em uma Universidade do interior do Estado de S?o Paulo, graduados a partir do ano de 2008 at? o ano de 2016. Em sentido complementar, objetivou compreender a import?ncia conferida ? gradua??o na educa??o superior e ? participa??o no ProUni dos ex-bolsistas em rela??o ? melhoria ou n?o de suas vidas, bem como um olhar mais espec?fico para aqueles com fam?lias beneficiadas pelo Programa Bolsa Fam?lia (PBF). A pesquisa est? baseada nas respostas disponibilizadas por 274 alunos graduados que responderam ao question?rio disponibilizado no Google Docs. Entre as conclus?es da pesquisa destacou-se os esfor?os pessoais para a supera??o da situa??o de vulnerabilidade social e econ?mica por meio da trajet?ria acad?mica, que pelas refer?ncias consultadas nos permite pensar em ineditismo ao utilizarmos o referencial dos benefici?rios do PBF em conjunto com o do ProUni. Incentivados por uma pol?tica p?blica afirmativa, os egressos expuseram a import?ncia dos programas destinados a quebra do ciclo da mis?ria. Mostrou-se no estudo a evolu??o pessoal, profissional e social obtida pelos integrantes do grupo pesquisado que, diante das dificuldades, multiplicaram os resultados de suas trajet?rias de forma positiva, ocorr?ncia nem sempre observada em seus progenitores. Notou-se no grupo do PBF, com maior vulnerabilidade, a percep??o de maior participa??o percentual de negros e pardos, grupos com mais dificuldades sociais. Nestes grupos as dificuldades de coloca??o laboral em atividades formais foram maiores, o que valoriza os resultados pessoais na obten??o de melhor situa??o econ?mica. Os egressos do PBF dedicaram-se ?s licenciaturas em percentual maior do que o grupo somente ProUni, multiplicando as transforma??es conquistadas com o trabalho docente. Tamb?m os cursos escolhidos pelos egressos na educa??o superior se mostraram coerentes com os rumos profissionais escolhidos, onde se priorizou a voca??o antes da legitima??o social por meio da gradua??o. A desejada evolu??o social e econ?mica ocorreu naturalmente ap?s o desenvolvimento acad?mico. A satisfa??o dos egressos PBF tamb?m foi maior que dos egressos apenas ProUni. Mesmo com maiores dificuldades a serem superadas e condi??es de vidas iniciais menos favorecidas, o grupo de benefici?rios PBF mostrou maior satisfa??o e realiza??o de seus objetivos. Este texto visa contribuir com a compreens?o sobre a import?ncia dos programas que facilitam a inser??o dos indiv?duos na educa??o superior para a quebra do ciclo intergeracional da mis?ria e a eleva??o da popula??o vulner?vel economicamente a melhores patamares sociais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelica Lima da Silva.pdf: 831395 bytes, checksum: 484b5337192fea58cecebc8007f8b27b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-11 / The receipt of the benefit of the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP), public policy of cash transfer from the federal government program to families in poverty and extreme poverty is linked to compliance with conditionalities on health and education. In education the minimum school attendance of 85 % for children between 6 and 15 years and 75 % for adolescents aged 16 to 17 years is required . According rationale explicit in legislation and official documents BFP, ensuring school attendance of children and young people in school would be a major break with the call for intergenerational transmission of poverty factor. This paper assumes the following questions: is attendance important factor to prevent the call intergenerational transmission of poverty? Does the fact that the child is in school with the help of the program ensures your education? This study examined the perceptions of mothers beneficiaries of the program regarding the requirement of attending school and prepared to understand according to their placements, the education of their children was related to participation in the BFP. Twenty semi-structured interviews with mothers of BFP beneficiaries were held in the southern region of Campinas/SP. The survey results indicate that for the beneficiary mothers BFP education of their children is not linked to the program because, according to them, the only requirement BFP with respect to school is school attendance and that they declare comply. As to the education of their children, mothers argue that it is necessary to promote a school that develops a quality education that will prepare them for the job market, so they will have opportunities to break away from poverty in the future and build a better life. / O recebimento do benef?cio do Programa Bolsa Fam?lia (PBF), pol?tica p?blica de transfer?ncia de renda do governo federal destinado a fam?lias em situa??o de pobreza e de extrema pobreza est? vinculado ao cumprimento de condicionalidades nas ?reas de sa?de e educa??o. Na ?rea da educa??o ? exigida a frequ?ncia escolar m?nima de 85% para as crian?as entre 6 e 15 anos e de 75% para adolescentes entre 16 e 17 anos. Segundo justificativa explicitada na legisla??o e documentos oficiais do PBF, a garantia da frequ?ncia escolar de crian?as e jovens na escola seria um fator importante para romper com a chamada transmiss?o intergeracional da pobreza. O presente trabalho parte das seguintes indaga??es: ser? a frequ?ncia escolar fator importante para impedir a chamada transmiss?o intergeracional da pobreza? Ser? que o fato da crian?a estar na escola com o aux?lio do programa garante a sua educa??o? Este estudo analisou as percep??es de m?es benefici?rias do programa a respeito da exig?ncia da frequ?ncia escolar e se disp?s a compreender de acordo com suas coloca??es, se a educa??o de seus filhos estava relacionada com a participa??o no PBF. Foram realizadas vinte entrevistas semiestruturadas com m?es benefici?rias do PBF na regi?o sul de Campinas/SP. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que para as m?es benefici?rias do PBF a educa??o de seus filhos n?o est? vinculada ao programa, pois, segundo elas, a ?nica exig?ncia do PBF com rela??o ? escola ? a frequ?ncia escolar e isso elas declaram cumprir. J? com rela??o ? educa??o de seus filhos, as m?es argumentam que ? necess?rio promover uma escola que desenvolva um ensino de qualidade, que os prepare para o mercado de trabalho, assim eles ter?o possibilidades de romper com a pobreza no futuro e construir uma vida melhor.

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-25T15:33:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_FINAL_MARIANA.pdf: 1933246 bytes, checksum: cba7b57237fc6562b3b67a07e6bf6068 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-25T15:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_FINAL_MARIANA.pdf: 1933246 bytes, checksum: cba7b57237fc6562b3b67a07e6bf6068 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / The access to health services in a global, equal and comprehensive way constitutes itself a civil right legally granted in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 which regulates and establishes the Unified Health System (SUS). However it is noticeable that the comprehensive access to health services has not been effectively put into practice, especially, in actions of medium and high complexity. Hence, this study aims to understand the organizational dynamic of the access of users of the Family Health Program (PSF) to the healthcare services of medium and high complexity of the SUS network and to analyze health practices performed by the primary care team, medium and high complexity for the feasibility of this access. We have analyzed the organizational dynamic of access to medium and high complexity healthcare services based on the guidelines of the dimensions of a political, technical and symbolical access analysis bounded by Giovanella and Fleury (1995) and supplemented with the theoretical model proposed by Assis et alii (2011). In the theoretical framework we discuss ways for the effectuation of the access to the healthcare services as a citizenship right as well as the organization of healthcare services in medium and high complexity under the focus of healthcare assistance models. This is a qualitative study, of critical and analytical approach in an approximate view of the dialectic method, which has as field of work the Family Health Units (USF), the Polyclinics and the Public Hospitals of Feira de Santana city in the State of Bahia. The participants of the study consisted of three groups: (1) healthcare professionals, (2) users and (3) managers/coordinators of healthcare services totaling 26 participants. We have used techniques such as data collection through semi-structured interviews, systematic observation and document analysis. The data analysis was an approximation of the hermeneutic-dialectic method. From the comparison of the studied data three categories rose up: (1) ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMIC OF THE ACCESS OF THE USERS AND THE MATERIALITY OF ITS SENSES AND MEANINGS: the transversality of the political, technical and symbolical dimensions; (2) THE WORK PROCESS OF THE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN BASIC HEALTHCARE OF MEDIUM AND HIGH COMPLEXITY: an interweaving among healthcare; (3) THE ACCESS OF THE USERS TO THE SERVICES AND THE PRACTICES OF HEALTH OF MEDIUM AND HIGH COMPLEXITY: public/private relationship. The results make the senses/meanings of access to healthcare services that cross the political, technical and symbolical dimensions abundantly clear. The individual and collective practices, held by professionals working in primary care of medium and high complexity to promoting the access of the user to the SUS network, involve committed and welcoming actions by instituting bonds and enhancing the subjectivity of the users in some moments, and in other moments it involves a centered professional model geared towards the patients? concerns/conduct, medicalization and technicism co-existing dialectically an intertwining of lightweight, soft-hard and hard technologies in this process. Within the difficulties and limitations that the users have found to access healthcare services of medium and high complexity the demand was cited once these services are offered on a wider scale than its supply. We have come across several inputs used by users to access the health services of medium and high complexity. Furthermore the relationship between public and private is constitutive of the organization of this reality. The access of the user of the PSF to the practices of medium and high complexity still needs, for its embodiment, an all-embracing commitment of users, health professionals and health managers so as to operationalize it as a citizenship right. / O acesso aos servi?os de sa?de de forma universal, equ?nime e integral, se constitui em um direito de cidadania, garantido legalmente na Constitui??o Federal de 1988, a qual regulamenta e institui o Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS). Contudo, percebemos que o acesso universal aos servi?os de sa?de n?o tem sido traduzido efetivamente na pr?tica, em especial nas a??es de m?dia e alta complexidade. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivos compreender a din?mica organizativa do acesso dos usu?rios do Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia (PSF) aos servi?os de sa?de de m?dia e alta complexidade da rede SUS e analisar as pr?ticas de sa?de realizadas pelos profissionais da aten??o b?sica, de m?dia e alta complexidade para a viabiliza??o deste acesso. Analisamos a din?mica organizativa do acesso aos servi?os de m?dia e alta complexidade, tendo como bases orientadoras as dimens?es de an?lise de acesso pol?tica, t?cnica e simb?lica, delimitadas por Giovanella e Fleury (1995) e complementadas com o modelo te?rico proposto por Assis e outros (2011). No referencial te?rico discutimos os caminhos para a efetiva??o do acesso aos servi?os de sa?de enquanto direito de cidadania, bem como a organiza??o dos servi?os de sa?de de m?dia e alta complexidade sob o enfoque dos modelos assistenciais em sa?de. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de abordagem cr?tico-anal?tica, numa perspectiva aproximada do m?todo Dial?tico, tendo como cen?rio as Unidades de Sa?de da Fam?lia (USF), Policl?nicas e Hospitais p?blicos de Feira de Santana-BA. Os participantes do estudo foram constitu?dos de tr?s grupos: profissionais de sa?de (Grupo I), usu?rios (Grupo II) e gestores/ coordenadores dos servi?os de sa?de (Grupo III), totalizando 26 participantes. Utilizamos como t?cnicas de coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada, a observa??o sistem?tica e a an?lise documental; a an?lise de dados foi uma aproxima??o do m?todo Hermen?utico-dial?tico. A partir do confronto dos dados emergiram tr?s categorias: 1) DIN?MICA ORGANIZATIVA DO ACESSO DOS USU?RIOS E A MATERIALIDADE DOS SENTIDOS E SIGNIFICADOS: a transversalidade das dimens?es pol?tica, t?cnica e simb?lica; 2) O PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SA?DE NA ATEN??O B?SICA, DE M?DIA E ALTA COMPLEXIDADE: um entrela?amento entre as tecnologias de sa?de; 3) O ACESSO DOS USU?RIOS AOS SERVI?OS E ?S PR?TICAS DE SA?DE DE M?DIA E ALTA COMPLEXIDADE: rela??o p?blico x privado. Os resultados explicitam que os sentidos/ significados de acesso aos servi?os de sa?de transversalizam as dimens?es pol?tica, t?cnica e simb?lica. As pr?ticas individuais e coletivas realizadas pelos profissionais que atuam na aten??o b?sica, de m?dia e alta complexidade para a promo??o do acesso do usu?rio ? rede SUS envolvem a??es compromissadas, acolhedoras, com institui??o do v?nculo e a valoriza??o da subjetividade dos usu?rios em alguns momentos, e em outros passam pelo modelo profissional centrado, voltado para a queixa-conduta, medicaliza??o e tecnicismo, co-existindo dialeticamente um entrela?amento das tecnologias leve, leve-dura e dura nesse processo. Dentre as dificuldades e limites que os usu?rios t?m encontrado para acessar os servi?os de sa?de de m?dia e alta complexidade foi citada a demanda por esses servi?os ser maior que a sua oferta. Deparamo-nos com diversas portas de entradas utilizadas pelos usu?rios para acessar os servi?os de m?dia e alta complexidade. Al?m disso, a rela??o entre o p?blico e o privado ? constitutiva da organiza??o desta realidade. O acesso do usu?rio do PSF aos servi?os e ?s pr?ticas de m?dia e alta complexidade ainda necessita para a sua concretiza??o de um comprometimento dos usu?rios, profissionais e gestores da sa?de de modo a operacionaliz?-lo enquanto um direito de cidadania.

No description available.

The study of quadrupolar nuclei using NMR spectroscopy in the solid state significantly increased in popularity from the end of the 20th century, with the introduction of specific methods to acquire spectra free from the effects of the quadrupolar interaction, that results in broadened lineshapes that cannot be completely removed by spinning the sample at the magic angle (MAS), unlike most of the other interactions present in the solid state. The first technique which allows, without any specific hardware, the removal of this broadening has been the Multiple-Quantum MQMAS experiment. The method quickly gained a popularity within the NMR community, with numerous successful applications published. However, the multiple-quantum filtration step in this experiment relies on severely limits sensitivity, restricting application to the most sensitive nuclei. Extending the applicability of MQMAS to less receptive nuclei requires the use of signal improvement techniques. There are multiple examples of such approaches in the literature, but most of these require additional optimisation that may be time-consuming, or simply impossible, on less receptive nuclei. This work introduces a novel signal improvement technique for MQMAS, called FAM-N. Its optimisation is solely based on density matrix simulations using SIMPSON, implying no additional experimental optimisation is required, while improving the signal in MQMAS spectra by equivalent or higher amounts than other common methods. In order to prove the applicability of this method on virtually any system, FAM-N has been investigated by simulation, and tested experimentally using a number of model samples, as well as samples known to be challenging to study by NMR. This work also explores other aspects of NMR spectroscopy on quadrupolar nuclei. Adiabatic inversion of the satellite populations can be performed to improve the central transition signal in static or MAS spectra. A range of methods has been tested and compared, with particular attention given to hyperbolic secant-shaped pulses, for which its performance have been described. Finally, cross-polarisation from a spin I = 1/2 nucleus to a quadrupolar nucleus has been investigated. After reviewing the theory for the static case, simulations have been performed under MAS in order to identify the conditions for efficient magnetisation transfer, with applications in spectral editing or for the combination with MQMAS.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobinsonLSA_TESE.pdf: 3429587 bytes, checksum: 6e34f5d59ebeb449eb13310ec5ff1eae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-05 / ART networks present some advantages: online learning; convergence in a few epochs of training; incremental learning, etc. Even though, some problems exist, such as: categories proliferation, sensitivity to the presentation order of training patterns, the choice of a good vigilance parameter, etc. Among the problems, the most important is the category proliferation that is probably the most critical. This problem makes the network create too many categories, consuming resources to store unnecessarily a large number of categories, impacting negatively or even making the processing time unfeasible, without contributing to the quality of the representation problem, i. e., in many cases, the excessive amount of categories generated by ART networks makes the quality of generation inferior to the one it could reach. Another factor that leads to the category proliferation of ART networks is the difficulty of approximating regions that have non-rectangular geometry, causing a generalization inferior to the one obtained by other methods of classification. From the observation of these problems, three methodologies were proposed, being two of them focused on using a most flexible geometry than the one used by traditional ART networks, which minimize the problem of categories proliferation. The third methodology minimizes the problem of the presentation order of training patterns. To validate these new approaches, many tests were performed, where these results demonstrate that these new methodologies can improve the quality of generalization for ART networks / As redes do tipo ART apresentam algumas vantagens: aprendizado online; converg?ncia em poucas ?pocas de treinamento; aprendizado incremental, etc. Contudo, alguns problemas existem: prolifera??o de categorias, sensibilidade a ordem de apresenta??o dos padr?es, escolha de um bom valor para o par?metro de vigil?ncia. O mais importante deles ? o problema da prolifera??o de categorias e ? provavelmente o mais cr?tico. Esse problema faz com que a rede crie v?rias categorias consumindo recursos (recursos para armazenar uma grande quantidade de categorias desnecess?rias impactando negativamente ou at? mesmo inviabilizando o tempo de processamento da rede) sem contribuir para a qualidade da representa??o do problema, ou seja, em muitos casos a quantidade excessiva de categorias geradas pelas redes ART faz com que a qualidade da generaliza??o da rede seja inferior. Outro fator que leva a prolifera??o de categorias das redes do tipo ART ? a dificuldade de aproximar regi?es de classes que tem geometria n?o retangular, ocasionando uma generaliza??o inferior a outros m?todos de classifica??o. A partir da observa??o desses problemas, foi desenvolvido esse trabalho que prop?e tr?s metodologias. Duas dessas metodologias utilizam uma geometria mais flex?vel do que a geometria regular retangular presente nas redes ART tradicionais e minimizam o problema da prolifera??o de categorias. A terceira metodologia minimiza o problema da ordem de apresenta??o dos padr?es e a prolifera??o de categorias. Com o objetivo de validar as novas abordagens, v?rios testes foram realizados. Os resultados obtidos nesses testes demonstram a viabilidade das metodologias propostas em reduzir o n?mero de categorias e melhorar a qualidade da generaliza??o. Em muitos desses testes a quantidade m?nima de categorias necess?rias para classificar corretamente as classes foi atingida ap?s o treinamento, o que demonstra uma significativa melhora em rela??o aos m?todos j? existentes. Al?m disso, devido a nova geometria das categorias, utilizando politopos convexos, a qualidade da generaliza??o melhorou em rala??o ao estado da arte

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T23:36:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoelDacioDeSouzaMaia_DISSERT.pdf: 2530989 bytes, checksum: ec568f08c9518cdc70c411274f21ffc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-24T23:39:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoelDacioDeSouzaMaia_DISSERT.pdf: 2530989 bytes, checksum: ec568f08c9518cdc70c411274f21ffc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T23:39:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoelDacioDeSouzaMaia_DISSERT.pdf: 2530989 bytes, checksum: ec568f08c9518cdc70c411274f21ffc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Os modos de viver das pessoas mudaram consideravelmente nas ?ltimas d?cadas, em todo o mundo, sobretudo em pa?ses em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Essas mudan?as trouxeram novas formas de adoecer, com destaque para as doen?as cr?nicas e as degenerativas. Uma das doen?as cr?nicas que mais acomete as sociedades contempor?neas, inclusive a brasileira, ? a hipertens?o arterial sist?mica, que tem alta preval?ncia e se configura como um grande risco para doen?as do sistema circulat?rio. A Estrat?gia de Sa?de da Fam?lia est? na primeira linha de enfrentamento dessa patologia e necessita de a??es que tenham sustentabilidade nessa empreitada. Por essa raz?o, consideramos importante desenvolver um estudo para detectar a percep??o de uma equipe da Estrat?gia de Sa?de da Fam?lia acerca da forma??o de grupos, do conceito e da import?ncia do autocuidado e da Educa??o Popular em Sa?de, para, a partir de ent?o, formar um grupo de autocuidado para usu?rios portadores de hipertens?o arterial ? luz da Educa??o Popular em Sa?de. Os instrumentos empregados para a coleta dos dados foram uma entrevista com os profissionais da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia para conhecer sua percep??o a respeito do tema foco da pesquisa, e um di?rio de campo, para captar outras informa??es. A an?lise dos dados coletados foi feita com base na An?lise de Conte?do proposta por Bardin. No final do estudo, conclu?mos que os trabalhadores que comp?em a equipe estudada tinham uma percep??o limitada de educa??o em sa?de, que a entendem basicamente como forma de prevenir doen?as, como uma forma de educar e informar a popula??o e desconhecem o modelo proposto pela Educa??o Popular em Sa?de. As pr?ticas desenvolvidas pela equipe eram basicamente palestras proferidas na comunidade sem cronograma ou regularidade. Problemas como apenas parte da equipe desenvolvendo as a??es de educa??o em sa?de, falta de ades?o de alguns profissionais a essas pr?ticas e calend?rios de atendimento muito apertados e incompat?veis foram alguns dos entraves que constatamos na realidade pesquisada. Os trabalhadores da equipe t?m alguma experi?ncia com o trabalho com grupos de usu?rios e boas expectativas quanto aos resultados que um grupo de usu?rios portadores de hipertens?o arterial pode trazer, por?m a maioria n?o sabe o quanto ? importante o autocuidado para essas pessoas. Para discutir sobre esse tema com a equipe, ministramos oficinas, por meio das quais pudemos confirmar esses resultados e concluir que a equipe precisa se engajar nas atividades de educa??o em sa?de e ter uma agenda de trabalho para que esses momentos sejam respeitados, al?m de mais espa?os para discutir sobre esses e outros temas. Depois das oficinas de capacita??o, a equipe optou por organizar uma a??o experimental seguindo os moldes da Educa??o Popular em Sa?de pela equipe para os hipertensos da ?rea de abrang?ncia, a qual trouxe excelentes resultados e sustentabilidade no ?mbito local. Acreditamos que essa foi a semente plantada para fundar o grupo de hipertensos, com vistas ao autocuidado, guiado pela Educa??o Popular em Sa?de, e o in?cio da mudan?a das pr?ticas de educa??o desenvolvidas pela referida equipe. / Throughout the world the lifestyle of people have changed drastically in the last decades, especially in developing countries like Brazil. These changes brought new ways of getting ill, among these illnesses stand above chronic and degenerative diseases. One of the illnesses of most incidence in contemporary society is hypertension, including in Brazil, which is in high prevalence and is of a great risk to diseases in the circulatory system. Brazil's Family Health Strategy is prioritizing the cope of this pathology and it needs sustainable actions in this matter. Considering this, it turned out to have a great value to develop a study in order to find out the perception of a team of the Family Health Strategy regarding the formation of groups, concept and importance of self-care and Popular Health Education. Promoting from that the formation of a group of self-care to users carriers of hypertension under the light of the Popular Health Education. As data collection instrument an interview was performed in order to acknowledge the perception of such professionals regarding the subject approached. To collect other kinds of information we used a field journal. The data analysis was based on Bardin's content analysis. At the end of the study, we were able to observe that the workers of the chosen team have a limited perception of health education, understanding it as only a way of preventing diseases and as a way of educate and inform the population. They do not understand the model proposed by the Popular Health Education. The practices currently developed by the team are basically lectures performed in the community without schedule, not even following a regular basis. Problems such as only part of the team developing the actions of health education, some professionals not willing to be part of such practices and a very tight or incompatible schedule are some of the existing hinders found in the reality studied. The workers of the team studied presented some experience working with user groups. They have good expectations of which positive results a group of hypertensive patients may bring, however, most of them do not know the importance of self-care to those patients. It was necessary to develop workshops to the discussion of such subjects with this team. These workshops made possible the confirmation of the results of this research. It was possible to observe that the whole team needs a better involvement in health education activities, a proper schedule, and an ongoing education to the discussion of this and other important subjects. After these workshops, the team decided to organize an experimental action following the models of Popular Health Education to the hypertensive patients in their area, showing excellent results locally. We believe this was a seed to the formation of a group of hypertensive patients in order to develop self-care guided by the Popular Health Education, as well as the start of changes in the educational practices developed by the team studied.