Yuan Ai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Yuan Ai.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os jovens pobres, costumeiramente associados à vitimizaÃÃo pelo envolvimento com drogas, prÃticas ilÃcitas e atos violentos, experienciam no cotidiano inÃmeros desafios como a necessidade de superaÃÃo das adversidades e privaÃÃes cotidianas e a busca pelo alcance dos ideais a eles destinados de obtenÃÃo de realizaÃÃes pessoais e profissionais. A pobreza, considerada sobre o ponto de vista multidimensional da Abordagem das Capacidades (SEN, 2000), impÃe limitaÃÃes que reforÃam as experiÃncias de constante inseguranÃa. Diante dos investimentos frustrados em mudar a realidade, a atribuiÃÃo da responsabilizaÃÃo dos fenÃmenos cotidianos a uma entidade superior aparece como alternativa para lidar com o clima de tensÃo social e tem no fatalismo, enquanto fenÃmeno psicossocial relacionado ao aparente conformismo dos grupos e indivÃduos com condiÃÃes deplorÃveis de existÃncia e com um regime de vida opressor (MARTÃN-BARÃ, 1998), a expressÃo das conseqÃÃncias danosas de viver em uma cultura da pobreza. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa se questiona como o fatalismo se manifesta em jovens que vivem em condiÃÃes de pobreza? A metodologia utilizada, de natureza qualitativa, orienta-se segundo o objetivo geral âanalisar a relaÃÃo existente entre as manifestaÃÃes do fatalismo e os modos de vida da juventude em condiÃÃes de pobrezaâ. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida junto ao Projeto Jovem Aprendiz, realizado pelo Movimento de SaÃde Mental ComunitÃria do Bom Jardim, localizado na periferia da cidade de Fortaleza (Ce). O processo de construÃÃo de dados compreendeu a realizaÃÃo de observaÃÃo participante entre os meses de marÃo e junho de 2012, realizaÃÃo de dois grupos focais, estando presentes 6 sujeitos em cada ocasiÃo, e de autofotografia aliada à entrevista em profundidade com duas jovens que haviam participado dos grupos. Os dados gerados foram analisados a partir da proposta da AnÃlise de ConteÃdo TemÃtica de Laurence Bardin com auxÃlio do software de anÃlise qualitativa Atlas TI 5.2. Foram obtidas 41 categorias de anÃlise, organizadas segundo grandes categorias ou famÃlias intituladas de âmodos de vida da juventude pobreâ, âvida em condiÃÃes de pobrezaâ e âmanifestaÃÃes do fatalismoâ. Ao final, percebe-se que a inseguranÃa decorrente da vida em condiÃÃes pobreza faz com que os sujeitos construam lÃgicas randÃmicas e dissonantes dos reais fatores, fazendo com que a atribuiÃÃo da responsabilidade dos fatos a uma entidade divina se constitua como elemento apaziguador das tensÃes sociais e do sofrimento psÃquico oriundo da inseguranÃa de viver na pobreza. Instaura-se um processo progressivo de individualizaÃÃo do social, que auxilia na instalaÃÃo da culpabilizaÃÃo psicolÃgica dos indivÃduos e na perpetuaÃÃo do fatalismo. O desenvolvimento de prÃticas pautadas na prÃxis de libertaÃÃo aparece como possibilidade de trazer os jovens à reflexÃo e ao diÃlogo sobre os reais fatores impulsionadores das manifestaÃÃes fatalistas. Agradecimentos à CAPES

A violência escolar é um fenômeno complexo e preocupante. Os professores, muitas vezes, sentem-se incapazes de mediar os conflitos diários, as agressões ou episódios de indisciplina, o que afeta o processo pedagógico. Este estudo versa sobre as representações sociais de violência por professores de uma escola pública, de ensino fundamental e médio. Os dados foram coletados através da observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com oito sujeitos. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada através do método de associação de idéias. Os resultados demonstraram distintas interpretações sobre a gênese da violência nas escolas, porém a retórica dos participantes não se ancora no conhecimento científico. Emergiram representações polissêmicas, com destaque para a significação psicologizante, educativo-familiar e um sentido fatalista. De modo geral, destacaram-se discursos formatados que reforçam o distanciamento, centralizam a culpa da problemática na crise familiar, no Estado, na progressão continuada e no aluno carente de afeto e de sentido de escola. / The school violence is a complex and worrying phenomenon. Teachers often feel unable to mediate daily conflicts, the attacks or indiscipline incidents, affecting the pedagogic process. This study deals with the social representations of violence by teachers in public schools, at elementary and high school levels. Data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with eight subjects. The analysis of interviews was conducted by the method of association of ideas. The results showed different interpretations on the genesis of the violence in schools, however, the rhetoric of the participants are not anchored in scientific knowledge. Polysemic interpretations emerged, with emphasis on the psychologizing meaning, family educational and a fatalistic sense. Generally, there were formatted speeches that highlight the detachment, center the fault of school violence on the family crisis, on the state, in the continued progression of teaching and the student with loose of affection and readiness.

The majority of the academic discourse surrounding Dostoevsky and his epic, The Brothers Karamazov, has been directed toward the philosophic and religious implications of his characters. Largely overlooked, however, is the theme of laceration. In the greater scope of laceration stands the topic of self-laceration. Self-laceration refers to the practice of causing harm to the self in a premeditated and specifically emotionally destructive fashion. The cause of this experience is varied and expressed in as many ways as there are individuals. The struggle in the Russian psyche between viewing the world as fatalistic or as more of an existential experience finds resolution through self-laceration. By consciously choosing actions that will lead to an abject state, the characters take fate into their own hands. This thesis will explore the themes of self-laceration in a number of characters’ narratives and demonstrate that by utilizing emotional self-destruction they find a modicum of control.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among African American men, and African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Limited studies have been conducted that address this critical issue. Existing literature reveals that the primary cause of increased mortality rates of prostate cancer in African American men is lack of participation in prostate cancer screening activities. The purpose of this three-phase study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure prostate cancer screening intention among African American men. Three gender-specific focus groups were conducted in the first phase of the study. Twenty men from two north Florida churches participated in the focus groups. Eight dominant themes emerged from the focus groups and were utilized to develop the items for the intention instrument: fear, healthy lifestyle, hopelessness/helplessness, machismo, mistrust of healthcare providers, social/familial support, job requirements and transportation barriers. The second and third phases of the study consisted of development of the instrument and assessment of the instrument for validity and reliability. The Cancer Screening Intention Scale-Prostate (CSIS-P) consists of 43 items and was developed utilizing the results of the focus groups. The reading level of the CSIS-P was 5.6 utilizing the Flesch-Kincaid index and 7.0 utilizing the SMOG Readability Formula. The CSIS-P was assessed for content validity by a panel of oncology experts. The content validity index for the scale was .90 and internal consistency was found to be .92. The CSIS-P was evaluated for construct validity utilizing factor analysis techniques. Test-retest procedures were also conducted to assess stability of the CSIS-P and the reliability coefficient was .93. Factor analysis techniques demonstrated a three-structure model. The factors that emerged were benefits to prostate cancer screening, barriers to prostate cancer screening, and health promotion. The internal consistency of the three factors were found to be .88, .81, and .86 respectively. Factor analysis procedures reduced the CSIS-P to a 17-item scale. The CSIS-P is a parsimonious, culturally sensitive instrument that is valid and reliable in assessing prostate cancer screening intention. Recommendations for future study of the instrument include replication of the study with a more heterogeneous sample and utilization of the scale with other cancers.

This paper considers the influences of fate and free will in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Current scholarship on the topic generally agrees that Rowling champions free will by allowing her characters learning opportunities through their choices. By using Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy on fate and free will and by more closely examining the Harry Potter texts, this paper demonstrates fate’s stronger presence in Rowling’s fictional world. Certain strong-willed characters rise above their peers’ fated states by embracing their personal fates and exercising their wills to create themselves within fated destinies. The paper also explores the possibility of an authority directing fate.

The doctrine of eternal recurrence is not only an aspect of Nietzsche&rsquo / s philosophy, but a notion that structures the base of his philosophy. The doctrine is analyzed by many interpreters in various ways. The cosmological and the ethical-existential approaches to the doctrine are at the very base wrong. The doctrine&rsquo / s impact cannot be adequately understood in these terms. Besides, the doctrine of eternal recurrence has multiple problems within it, problems which can be solved if the doctrine is understood and analyzed properly. In this thesis it was suggested, following Lawrence J. Hatab and Pierre Klossowski, that the doctrine should be read in terms of mimetic literality. And in this way the reading and the understanding of the doctrine lead the self to a dissolution which solves many of the problems within the doctrine.

What is the structure of society? Many thinkers have pondered the regularities. Way of life theory (WOLT) shows the relationship of every rational, social issue to every other rational, social issue. ¶ From two dichotomised, theoretical dimensions called grid and group, Mary Douglas deduced four ways of life usually called individualism, hierarchy, egalitarianism, and fatalism. WOLT shows the same four ideal types may be deduced from any significant pair of social issues, including competition, cooperation, coercion, freedom, justice, self-identity, nature, human nature, and more. Since four types may be divided pair-wise in three ways, there are three, not two, dimensions or axes. ¶ WOLT also deduces Douglas’s fifth type (the hermit) and resolves the long-standing logical anomalies of grid-group theory. ¶ In all, seven social theorists have independently deduced four types from various dimension pairs. Mistakes aside, they find the same four theoretical types. Evidently, the four types are natural kinds. Between them these theorists use three axes. ¶ Numerous intuitive theorists from across social science have developed types without dimensions, and dimensions without types. Though incomplete, they show no significant disagreement. ¶ It appears that every issue that must be taken into account to live socially fits the three axes. There is no flexibility: each issue fits the axes one way. Geometrically, three dichot¬omised dimensions yield eight types, however four of them are not viable and do not arise. Given just four valid points, the number of dimensions is necessarily limited to three. The axes generate thousands of predictions. ¶ Since deduction yields the same four types whatever issues are placed on the dimensions, the four types are, like objects of natural science, independent of any theorist. In turn, these four types control which issues fit and how they fit, delimiting the scope and refining the meaning of the issues—which places the issues, too, beyond any theorist’s determination. ¶ As in natural science, the sphere of application is set by the deductive theory, not by a theorist’s pronouncement: what fits, fits. The domain appears to cover matters which people must take a position on to live socially. Emotional and internal personal issues will not fit. ¶ WOLT sharpens meaning, formalises structure and extends connections in areas as diverse as equality, liberalism, game theory, corporate culture, national culture, political right and left, religion, and working-class health. ¶ Like a natural science theory, WOLT is relational, not only taxonomic. As in natural science, no person, organisation, or social situation will conform exactly to its ideal types. It is falsifiable by deducing, or finding empirically, rival social types or a social phenomenon that will not fit. Empirical testing of the theory as a whole is awkward owing to its structure and to parochial effects. Three data sets failed to refute it. ¶ WOLT reveals how every social issue relates to every other social issue, providing a tool for analysing worldview, social structure, and social behaviour.

Thèse--Zurich. / Bibliography: p. 106-108.

Thèse--Zurich. / Bibliography: p. 106-108.