The purpose of this study is to analyze how female athletes are constructed in advertising that uses femvertising. This is done through a multimodal critical discourse analysis of Nike´s commercial “Dream Crazier” to understand which signs, in the form of participants, language, attributes and color which acts as semiotic resources to create meaning. The study also puts this in relation to intersectional perspectives to see how femvertising challenges socially constructed femininity. The questions that the study aims to answer are how are female athletes constructed in Nike´s commercial and what semiotic resources are used in the construction? And what intersectional categories can be identified in the commercial and what significance might they have in challenging socially constructed femininity? The results show that multiple themes about femininity are visible in the commercial. These are “women as emotional”, “gender norm-breaking, and “these female athletes break barriers, so you can do too”. These themes are reinforced by the commercial utilizing semiotic resources that show different participants with various attributes and how these are polarized as feminine and masculine. The different intersectional categories that were identified can all be seen challenging socially constructed femininity by deviating from stereotypical norms of what femininity is. The study also concluded that several intersectional categories are shown, but there is an underrepresentation of marginalized groups.

Marketing is crucial to the success of any company, and in line with an increased emphasis on sustainability, many companies now include sustainability issues in their communications. The clothing company Lindex's campaign ”Reinvent the Model” aims to reshape the female ideal and promote diversity in their marketing. They do this, among other things, by including different skin colors, ages and bodytypes in the marketing. The study ”Advertising for what, clothes or bodies?” examines Lindex's campaign and its portrayal of beauty ideals. Through a qualitative multimodal critical discourse analysis, based on Fairclough's three-dimensionalmodel, the campaign is analyzed with a focus on lexical choices, denotation, connotation, interdiscursivity, ideology and hegemony. The concepts of discourse andcommodified feminism also form the basis of the study's theoretical perspective. The results show that Lindex portrays beauty ideals as problematic and negative. The campaign mixes marketing, body positive, feminist and documentary discourses to challenge prevailing beauty ideals within the fashion industry. The body positive and feminist discourse is emphasized by ordinary women sharing their experiences around beauty ideals. Quotes in the campaign create a negative view of the female body as bodily flaws are discussed. The hegemonic view of beauty ideals is questioned in the campaign, but the result of making a comprehensive campaign about women's appearance means that the female body continues to be scrutinized and used as akind of marketing material. The conclusion is that, from an ideologically critical perspective, the campaign partially challenges the hegemonic view of beauty but at the same time maintains and commodifies norms around the female body.

The purpose of this study is to examine, based on a qualitative semiotic image analysis, how feminist aspects are used by companies for commercial purposes. The starting point for the study is a critical feminist perspective with a theoretical background in the complex discussions about postfeminism, commodified feminism, femwashing and femvertising. Of which an in-depth study of postfeminist discussions of individualism, girl power and empowerment. The study will examine the razor blade company Estrid's two campaigns: Shave and misbehave (2019) and Save. Shave. Whatever (2020). The aim of the study is that in a tripartite analysis consisting of; body hair, shaving and the environment show how today's neoliberal society often uses political and social issues for a capitalist and commercial purpose. Based on the campaigns, analyze how Estrid portrays women, body hair and feminism in relation to their products. The result that emerged from the analysis showed that Estrid strives to break stereotypes and express feminist values within its brand strategy. This is because it repeatedly shows normalization around body hair. The conclusion also showed that as a brand, it is difficult to produce a genuine brand strategy, with feminsit values. Estrid's focus on feminist statements in their campaigns is influenced by postfeminist discussions, with messages such as individualism and empowerment, where new expectations of women are created instead of focusing on criticizing gender structural inequalities.

This study explores the representation of women in Chinese "Femvertising" (female empowerment video advertisements) and the post-feminist discourse conveyed within these advertisements over the past five years. By examining recent Chinese video commercials, the research aims to critically analyze the ideologies behind female empowerment advertisements in China, shedding light on how advertising both shapes and reflects societal values. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study uses thematic analysis to uncover the underlying messages, narratives, and ideologies. The findings reveal a shift toward depicting women in diversified and empowered roles, emphasizing authenticity and emotional connection. Three key thematic discourses—Body Self-Acceptance, Breaking Stereotypes, and Girl’s Power—are identified. However, the study also highlights that many empowerment advertisements are primarily marketing tools rather than genuine support for women's rights, often excluding broader spectrums of women and reinforcing certain stereotypes

The aim of this essay is to find out in what ways the global clothing company H&M uses political and ideological statements, such as feminism, as a sales strategy. I have noticed an expanding trend in fashion; the use of feminism as branding, and how companies such as H&M have started profiling themselves with feminism. This could be seen as a typical neoliberal-femvertising phenomenon. In this essay, I use critique of ideology, a method developed by the Frankfurt school, to examine how H&M expresses feminism through their clothes, whether H&M’s production could be considered as a feminist one, and what consequences H&M’s use of feminist ideology have on the feminist political movement. To be able to answer these questions, I use gender theory and postcolonial theory. My aim is to show how neoliberal/capitalist ideologies often contain cultural and political appropriation, where an ideology such as feminism is exploited in order to make a higher profit. My conclusion is that when companies use feminist statements in their clothing they use irony and humour to emphasize positivity, such as “girl power”, instead of confronting structural inequalities among the sexes and harmful norms and gender stereotypes within this hierarchy. The consequence of this process is that feminism is depoliticized, which is harmful to the feminist political agenda.

The aim of this essay is to find out in what ways the global clothing company H&M uses political and ideological statements, such as feminism, as a sales strategy. I have noticed an expanding trend in fashion; the use of feminism as branding, and how companies such as H&M have started profiling themselves with feminism. This could be seen as a typical neoliberal-femvertising phenomenon. In this essay, I use critique of ideology, a method developed by the Frankfurt school, to examine how H&M expresses feminism through their clothes, whether H&M’s production could be considered as a feminist one, and what consequences H&M’s use of feminist ideology have on the feminist political movement. To be able to answer these questions, I use gender theory and postcolonial theory. My aim is to show how neoliberal/capitalist ideologies often contain cultural and political appropriation, where an ideology such as feminism is exploited in order to make a higher profit. My conclusion is that when companies use feminist statements in their clothing they use irony and humour to emphasize positivity, such as “girl power”, instead of confronting structural inequalities among the sexes and harmful norms and gender stereotypes within this hierarchy. The consequence of this process is that feminism is depoliticized, which is harmful to the feminist political agenda.

Title: Facemasks or antidepressants?    The purpose of this study is to investigate how Indy Beauty communicates on their website and in their first campaign as a means of establishing customer involvement. Therése Lindgren is one of many influencers whom have created or acquired their own brand. Therése uses herself as the face of brand and relies on her own social platforms to advertise her products. To further clarify the study’s purpose two question statements: “In what way does the usage of rhetoric and visual expressions convince the consumer to “Love Yourself”?” and “How do they use mental illness in their strive to create relationships with the consumer?”. To analyse the two question statements we have used theories regarding rhetoric, semiotic, Customer Relationship Management and Customer Involvement Management. The foundation of this study are texts from Indy Beauty’s website together with Indy Beauty’s first advertising campaign. This has been analysed through a qualitative content analysis based on rhetoric analysis and visual social semiotic analysis. The combination of these methods enabled us to answer both question statements within the purpose of this study. Our results show that Therése Lindgren’s own experience of mental illness provides her with a legitimacy and ethos to communicate the “Love yourself” message. Both texts from the website and the advertising campaign portrays Indy Beauty’s products as the solution to mental illness through the usage of both rhetoric and visual expressions. The message itself “Love yourself” can be interpreted contradictory and falls within the framework of femvertising. The consumer is told to “Love yourself” exactly as you are but you still need to use the company’s products to alter and enhance your outside appearance. Our conclusion is that the community and kinship that Indy beauty creates with its consumer, where mental illness is the common denominator, can be disputed about whether its main point is patronage or whether it is just a means to an end for the company to sell its products.

This article argues for the ambivalence between the use of feminist discourses in commercial purposes as the music industry and popular culture is driven by capitalist logic. The issue is analyzed with a multimodal discourse analysis. By studying the visual and lexical resources in Cardi B’s music video to single “Money” we find that whilst the video from a feminist perspective can be viewed as sex positive and empowering, it simultaneously satisfies the male-gaze and reproduces the objectification and sexualisation of women. As the music industry is thrives from a commercial basis, it is capitalism that benefits from its profits.

El presente estudio analiza la percepción de activistas feministas sobre el empleo del body positive como herramienta de femvertising para el lanzamiento de Sicurezza swimwear 2020. Se empleó metodología cualitativa, paradigma naturalista y diseño de estudio de caso. Se analizó la campaña del lanzamiento de la línea swimwear 2020 de Sicurezza, la cual empleó el movimiento de body positive en la campaña posteada en su plataforma de Instagram. Se entrevistaron a 8 activistas feministas quienes contribuyen al movimiento en Perú a través de poesías, libros y redes sociales. Algunas de ellas pertenecen a un colectivo en particular, mientras que otras involucran el feminismo en su labor como catedráticas. Como resultado, la femvertising es percibida de buena manera por las entrevistadas, quienes manifestaron que dicha tendencia puede contribuir al movimiento siempre que las marcas que la empleen, mantengan coherencia con sus políticas empresariales. Asimismo, la marca Sicurezza también fue calificada favorablemente. / This study analizes the perception of feminist activists about the employment of the body positive concept as a tool of the femvertising for the launching of the Sicurezza swimwear collection of 2020. This is a study with qualitative methodology, naturalistic paradigm and a case study design. We analyzed the campaign of the launching of the Sicurezza swimwear collection of 2020, which used the body positive concept por their campaign posted on their Instagram platform. We interviewed 8 feminist activists who contribute to the movement in Peru thru poetry, books and social media. Some of them are part of a group, while others involve feminism as part of their job as professors. As a result, the femvertising trend is perceived in a good way by the interviewed, who manifested that the trend could contribute to the movement as long as the brands that use it, stay consistent with their politics. Also, Sicurezza was positively rated. / Tesis

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / La presente investigación analiza las percepciones de la autoestima en mujeres como receptoras de mensaje frente al uso del femvertising en el branding emocional en el sector higiene, específicamente, en el caso #Muéstranos (Dove Perú, 2019) de Dove. Son escasos los estudios sobre las percepciones de las mujeres en relación con su autoestima frente al uso de estas estrategias. Para este análisis, las informantes son mujeres entre los 25 a 35 años y pertenecen al NSE B de los distritos de La Molina, San Borja, San Miguel y Santiago de Surco. La metodología se basó en un estudio de caso con un enfoque cualitativo y se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad. Los principales hallazgos nos permiten sostener que la autoestima es un concepto subjetivo y heterogéneo. Por su lado, el femvertising llama a la consolidación de la autoestima para, luego, generar cambios a nivel colectivo. Ambos conceptos se encuentran relacionados, dado que la naturaleza del femvertising es empoderar y, para ello, se ha de tener una autoestima afianzada. Asimismo, el desarrollo de temas relacionados con la autoestima desde el branding emocional permite generar mayor identificación e incita a valorar lo diverso. Resulta relevante la exploración de las percepciones de la autoestima en estas estrategias publicitarias, puesto que tienen como común denominador la subjetividad. Finalmente, se presenta mayor apertura por el branding emocional en comparación con el femvertising porque este último implica un cambio colectivo y, por tanto, estructural en la sociedad. / The hereby research analyzes the perceptions of self-esteem in women as recipients of messages related to the use of femvertising in emotional branding in the hygiene sector, specifically in the case study campaign #Muéstranos (Dove Perú, 2019) from Dove. There are only a few studies about women’s self-esteem perception in regard to the application of these strategies. For this analysis, the informants are women between the ages of 25 and 35 that belong to the socioeconomic level B from the districts of La Molina, San Borja, San Miguel and Santiago de Surco. The methodology was based on a case study with a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews were conducted. The main findings from this analysis, let us state that self-esteem is a subjective and heterogeneous concept. Femvertising calls for the consolidation of self-esteem in order to then generate changes at the collective level. Both concepts are related, since the nature of femvertising is to empower and, to achieve this, you must have a consolidated self-esteem. Likewise, the development of issues related to self-esteem by emotional branding increases identification and encourages to value the human diversity. The exploration of perceptions of self-esteem in these advertising strategies is relevant, since they have subjectivity as a common denominator. Finally, it is evident that there is more openness to emotional branding in comparison to femvertising because the latter implies a collective and structural change in society. / Tesis