The present exploratory study, framed in agenda-setting theory, analyzes the way European and US newspapers frame racism and ethnocentrism issues, on the background of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, 2 research hypotheses and 9 research questions were explored. The results showed the distribution of articles that used a positive frame and the ones that used a negative frame was relatively equal across geographical regions. The US media have shown as the most ethnocentric nationality the Spanish, while the European media, the Scottish. There is an agreement across different geographical regions that the French and the German have the most tolerant or anti-discriminatory actions or attitudes. The most prominent theme to describe nationalities’ tolerant attitudes was the power of football to unify peoples and to enhance global understanding. Both the American and the European media described the Argentinean team mostly in terms of athletic skill.

The purpose of this study is to examine how FIFA and Amnesty portray the football World Cup in Qatar 2022 differently on their respective Twitter accounts. For context, the topic regarding Qatar being granted to host the World Cup has been a heated discussion ever since its inception in 2010 when FIFA officially announced it for the first time. Common arguments against the decision were usually about Qatar not having any prior record of a “football culture” as well as there being accusations of them buying their way into becoming a host nation. Qatar later also came under fire after sources showed evidence that the country imposed “slave-like” conditions on migrant workers building their cities and football arenas, with reports estimating 6,500 migrant worker deaths in the country since 2010. Knowing this information surrounding the World Cup 2022, this study aims to quantitatively analyse the differences in content and framings published on Twitter by FIFA, the organization running the event, and Amnesty, a non-governmental organization focused on human rights. Framing theory and agenda-setting theory were used as tools to examine 150 tweets under the time period spanning from December 2, 2010 to November 20, 2022. The findings of the analysis show dominatingly negative tweets from Amnesty regarding the World Cup, whereas FIFA have remained neutral but mostly positive. The results of the analysis also show signs of sportswashing being a contributing factor in the different framings of the World Cup between the accounts.

The 2022 FIFA World Cup for men's football has received massive criticism since it was announced in December 2010 that Qatar would host it. With a significant history of human rights violations, many were shocked that Qatar was elected. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and media reported on the ongoing abuses in the country and warned about the consequences of Qatar hosting the World Cup. Therefore, this thesis will examine these consequences and how preparations for the World Cup affect human rights in Qatar – specifically migrant workers' rights. The focus will be on Qatar, companies working with the World Cup, and Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), addressing and analyzing their responsibilities and obligations. The thesis is a descriptive analysis discussing how migrant workers' rights were violated and neglected. It is also a normative analysis that will analyze what should and could have been done to prevent it. Both Qatar's legal system and the regulation of international standards for human rights and business will be analyzed in the text. This thesis will shed light on the football world and its relation to human rights, as well as who bears the primary responsibility to ensure human rights in the preparation and execution of the World Cup. It will discuss how football and human rights affect each other, aiming to show that football organizations influence societies and social structures. Football is not only a sport but a tool that can either improve or worsen people's availability to human rights. This thesis is based on two different theories: A Marxist perspective on conflict theory and Corporate Social responsibility theory. To answer the research questions through these theories, this thesis has used a qualitative data analysis method to analyze different reports and documents from NGOs, Qatar, FIFA, and the United Nations. The thesis concludes with a summary highlighting FIFA as the prime duty bearer during the preparation and delivery of the World Cup, as well as acknowledging that Qatar, FIFA, and companies' lack of improvement and monitoring contributes to the enforcement of modern slavery/forced labor.

Both Qatar and FIFA have been heavily criticised for the bribes and corruption resulting in Qatar obtaining the FIFA World Cup 2022. Over 6500 migrant workers in Qatar are said to have lost their lives during the construction of new arenas, and the media is an essential part for this being acknowledged. This essay examines and identifies the discourses that are dominating the articles written in the awakening of FIFAs World Cup in Qatar 2022. This will be done through studying the portrayal of Qatar in Dagens Nyheter, the Guardian and Gulf Times. The articles are studied through a narrative analysis method with support from agenda setting, framing and gatekeeping theories. The results show that western media portrays Qatar as unworthy of the world cup, while Qatari media ensures that the country will create the greatest world cup in history. The results suggest that Qatar is guilty of sportswashing through their government-controlled media.

No description available.

Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has been granted a unique opportunity in being nominated as the first African nation to host the FIFA World Cup, and one of the first developing nations to host a global mega sporting event. The successful hosting of this event could provide the country with a global platform to promote the richness, diversity, and vast economic opportunities to the world stage. Economic development and significant global events taking place in South Africa may further contribute to leadership in the continent, and bring increased business and consumer confidence into prominence, as well as increase the leverage of private capital. The South African business and investment environment is in transition from a primary focus on construction, mining, manufacturing in the automotive, timber and steel sectors, to a knowledge economy focusing on sector development of skills training, education , IT and teleccmmunications, and property development. Infrastructure capacity, service delivery and skills shortages and the high rate of structural unemployment impose significant supply-side constraints with regard to the impact on the rate of real GDP growth and how growth is translated into employment opportunities and socio-economic development for the Western Cape and South Africa. Cape Town's position as co-host to selected events in 2009 and 2010 provides the critical window of opportunity to expand infrastructure investment to ensure a truly global destination of choice for investors and tourists. This event offers Cape Town the opportunity to ensure sustainable legacies, especially in terms of transport systems, the creation of a green lung in the midst of the city, improved service delivery and a world class multi purpose facility. All these contribute to the accelerated and shared economic growth of the City of Cape Town and the Province of the Western Cape. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se nominasie as die eerste land in Afrika om as gasheer vir die FIFA Wereldbeker 2010 op te tree, is 'n unieke geleentheid. Suid-Afrika is ook een van die eerste ontwikkelende lande wat toegewys is om hierdie sport geleentheid aan te bied. Die suksesvolle aanbieding van hierdie geleentheid, kan Suid-Afrika die geleentheid bied om die unieke diversiteite en ryke ekonomiese geleenthede van die land aan die wereld ten toon te stel. Ekonomiese ontwikkeling en hierdie besondere gebeurtenis in Suid-Afrika, mag verder bydra tot die bevordering van leierskap op die kontinent en 'n verhoogde vlak van sake- en verbruikersvertroue wat die verhoging van privaat kapitaalbesteding kan aanmoedig. Die Suid-Afrikaanse sake en investeringsomgewing is in transformasie vanaf 'n primere fokus op konstruksie, myne, en die vervaardigingsbedryf, veral die motor, hout en staal sektore, na 'n kennis gedrewe ekonomie met 'n klemverskuiwing na ontwikkeling binne die sektore, van vaardigheidsopleiding. informasie tegnologie, telekommunikasie en eiendomsontwikkeling. 'n Tekort aan voldoende infrastruktuur-en dienslewering kapasiteit, 'n tekort aan vaardighede, sowel as die hoe koers van strukturele werkloosheid, veroorsaak beperkinge met betrekking tot die impak op die greei van die Bruto Binnelandse Preduk, en hoe hierdie greei snel omgeskakel kan word in werksgeleenthede en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling vir die Wes-Kaap en Suid-Afrika. Kaapstad se gedeelde posisie as gasheer van spesifieke geleenthede in 2009 en 2010, verskaf die geleentheid om deur middel van die uitbreiding van infrastruktuur investering te verseker dat investeerders en toeriste, Kaapslad as 'n volwaardige globale bestemming beskou. Hierdie gebeurtenis bied ook aan Kaapstad die geleentheid om op 'n volhoubare ontwikkelingswyse 'n besondere nalatenskap te verseker, veral met betrekking tot die vervoerstelsel, die skepping van 'n green long in die middestad, verskerpte dienslewering en 'n wereldklas veeldoelige fasiliteit, wat in totaal bydra tot die versnelde en gedeelde ekonomiese greei van die Stad Kaapstad en die Provinsie Wes-Kaap.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Regina Correa Brandao.pdf: 5199379 bytes, checksum: 85266453099661239d6ff9817c132930 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / To perform the World Cup 2014, Brazil seeks economic and financial feasibility of investments in projects. However, this whole organization to the world depends on the efficiency and effectiveness in the management of projects of the host cities; projects that are planned and executed by the three tiers of government (Federal, State and Municipal). In this context, this study aims to identify the structure of the Planning, Execution and Control of projects from the World Cup 2014 in Brazil, Cuiabá, capital of Mato Grosso. So, we defined the theoretical framework based on the concepts of renowned authors who talk about relevant aspects: Planning, Implementation and Control, especially in the public sector for the management of projects. Regarding methodology, we chose to study with a qualitative approach exploratory and descriptive, using a case study on the design of Arena Pantanal held at Secretária Extraordinária da Copa (SECOPA) in Cuiabá-MT, where we performed the data collection, document analysis and interviews. To make the analysis of results, we used additional data obtained from a secondary site and available in the SECOPA. Through them, we conclude that the World Cup 2014 tends to project the host city of Cuiabá-MT, where the design of the master plan of the project was based in order to meet the budget Laws prioritizing the needs of society and involving large investments in infrastructure, such as the construction of Arena Pantanal Multiuso. Therefore, the SECOPA has been working with the challenges, risks and constraints (expropriations, fundraising, lawsuits etc..). Remarkable, also, the many opportunities (increase in employment generation, income, consumption, projecting the city as a tourist attraction, urban mobility), besides adding other direct and indirect benefits, expressive and positively affecting the socioeconomic development of Cuiabá- MT / Para a realização da Copa do Mundo de 2014 o Brasil busca a viabilidade econômica e financeira dos investimentos nos projetos. Contudo, toda essa organização para o mundial depende da eficiência e eficácia na gestão dos projetos das cidades-sede; projetos que são planejados e executados pelas três esferas governamentais (Federal, Estadual e Municipal). Neste contexto, este estudo objetiva identificar a estrutura do Planejamento, Execução e Controle dos projetos da Copa do Mundo de 2014 no Brasil, em Cuiabá capital do Estado do Mato Grosso. Para tanto, foi definido o referencial teórico com base nos conceitos de autores renomados que discorrem sobre os aspectos relevantes do Planejamento, Execução e Controle, especialmente no setor público, para o gerenciamento dos projetos. Com relação à metodologia foi feita opção pela pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, por meio de um estudo de caso sobre o projeto da Arena Pantanal , realizado na Secretária Extraordinária da Copa (SECOPA) sediada em Cuiabá-MT, local onde foi efetuada a coleta dos dados, a análise documental, bem como, as entrevistas. Para compor a análise dos resultados foram utilizados dados complementares obtidos de forma secundária e disponíveis no site da SECOPA. Pelos resultados obtidos é possível concluir que a Copa de 2014 tende a projetar, de forma significativa e positiva, a cidade-sede de Cuiabá-MT, considerando que o planejamento do plano diretor dos projetos foi embasado com o intuito de atender as Leis orçamentárias, priorizando as necessidades da sociedade e envolvendo investimentos elevados na infraestrutura, como a construção da Arena Pantanal Multiuso. Para tanto, a SECOPA vem trabalhando com os desafios, riscos e condicionantes (desapropriações, captação de recursos, ações na justiça, etc.). Destacam-se, igualmente, as inúmeras oportunidades (aumento na geração de emprego, renda, consumo, projeção da cidade como ponto turístico, mobilidade urbana), além de agregar outros benefícios diretos e indiretos, afetando expressiva e positivamente o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de Cuiabá-MT

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdecy Souza Carvalho.pdf: 5367682 bytes, checksum: fe54c305a8fc0c0e2a94d67516438fe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / The main function of internal control and operational risk management in integrated operations is the ability to mitigate losses due to failure, deficiency or inadequacy of internal processes, people and systems or from external events. Based on this concept, this study analyzes the role of internal control and risk management in a comparative case study between the goals proposed by the organization of the 2014 Fifa WC in Brazil and the 2010 Fifa WC in South Africa. From the literature produced on the subject, including the COSO framework I, II and III, Brazilian Federal Audit Court (TCU) and manuals of the Department of Public Management (GesPública), also Brazilian and foreigner authors that discuss the issue, the 2014 WC Transparency Portal among other primary and secondary sources in the case of Brazil; as well as the site of the South African Football Association and other South African official publications, besides Fifa reports, academic papers and publications of specialized media, this research tries to compose an overview of internal control and risks on the investments of the tournament held in the two countries. Among results, it is observed that both mega-events have accomplished in most aspects and in accordance with the priorities of each govern, although the predicted initial values have been underestimated, reaching triple in the case of Brazil and multiplied in South Africa. In both countries, half of the stadiums built or remodeled for the World Cup have being underutilized causing financial prejudice, and many public contracts, especially for urban mobility, have not been finalized, because of poor risk management and inadequate internal control, especially relating human resources, thus resulting additional losses to public funds / A função do controle interno e da gestão de risco operacional em atuação integrada reside na capacidade de mitigar perdas em razão de falha, deficiência ou ina-dequação de processos internos, pessoas e sistemas, ou de eventos externos. Com base nesse conceito, este estudo procura analisar o papel do controle interno e da gestão de risco na Administração Pública num comparativo entre as metas propos-tas pela organização da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014, no Brasil, e pela Copa do Mundo de 2010, na África do Sul. A partir da literatura produzida sobre o tema, in-cluindo o framework do COSO I, II e III, estudos do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) e da Secretária de Gestão Pública (GesPública), autores brasileiros e estran-geiros que discutem o assunto, o Portal Transparência Copa 2014 entre outras fon-tes primárias e secundárias no caso do Brasil; bem como o site da Federação Sul-Africana de Futebol e outros documentos oficiais daquele país; bem como de relatórios divulgados pela Fifa, artigos acadêmicos e publicações da mídia especializada, procura-se compor um panorama sobre metas de controle e riscos sobre os investimentos do Mundial de Futebol realizado nos dois países. Entre os resultados, observa-se que ambos os megaeventos foram cumpridos na maioria dos quesitos apresentados e analisados, de acordo com as prioridades dos países, ainda que os valores iniciais previstos tenha sido subestimados, chegando a triplicar no caso do Brasil. Em razão de gestão de risco e controle interno ineficientes, especialmente no quesito recursos humanos, em ambas as nações, cerca de metade dos estádios construídos para o Mundial tornaram-se deficitários e subutilizados, e, da mesma forma, muitas obras, principalmente de mobilidade urbana, não foram finalizadas, acarretando prejuízos adicionais aos cofres públicos

Qu'est-ce que l'Europe politique et l'Europe du sport peuvent faire afin de mieux former les jeunes footballeurs et de mieux les protéger au cours d'un transfert ? Cette interrogation permet aisément la lecture de ce qui est en jeu à la jonction entre le champ sportif et le champ politique. Cet espace de positions sociales que constitue le football européen voit s'affronter des acteurs du mouvement sportif d'un côté, avec d'autres agents issus des institutions européennes. Nous démontrerons comment répondre politiquement à un problème footballistique, ce qui passe par une volonté politique de haut-niveau. Ainsi, le processus de policy-making résulte d'un compromis rendu obligatoire par l'autonomie et la spécificité dont bénéficie le football. La coordination entre les autorités publiques et le mouvement sportif sera un élément prépondérant de contrôle et de régulation pour faire face aux défis actuels dans le monde du football, dans lequel les Nations conservent le véritable pouvoir. / What can the political Europe and the Europe of sport do to better train young football players and to better protect them during a transfer ? This question allows us to see what is at stake in the junction between the sports and the political social field. This European football social space is divided into actors from the sports movement on one's hand, and into agents from the European institutions on the other hand. We'll demonstrate how to answer politically to a problem dealing with football, which requires a high level of political will. Thus, the policy-making process is a compromise made compulsory, both by the specificity and the sports movement autonomy, and by the weight of the national habitus. In the future, coordination between public authorities and the sports movement has been identified as a key element of control and regulation, in order to face up to the current challenges in the world of football, upon which the Nations still hold the real power.

Qu'est-ce que l'Europe politique et l'Europe du sport peuvent faire afin de mieux former les jeunes footballeurs et de mieux les protéger au cours d'un transfert ? Cette interrogation permet aisément la lecture de ce qui est en jeu à la jonction entre le champ sportif et le champ politique. Cet espace de positions sociales que constitue le football européen voit s'affronter des acteurs du mouvement sportif d'un côté, avec d'autres agents issus des institutions européennes. Nous démontrerons comment répondre politiquement à un problème footballistique, ce qui passe par une volonté politique de haut-niveau. Ainsi, le processus de policy-making résulte d'un compromis rendu obligatoire par l'autonomie et la spécificité dont bénéficie le football. La coordination entre les autorités publiques et le mouvement sportif sera un élément prépondérant de contrôle et de régulation pour faire face aux défis actuels dans le monde du football, dans lequel les Nations conservent le véritable pouvoir.