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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Companhia aberta: objeto social e operações de risco / Public company: corporate purpose and risk transactions

Loria, Eli 30 November 2012 (has links)
A presente tese objetiva trazer subsídios para a discussão em torno de uma realidade recente no Brasil, qual seja, a crescente utilização de instrumentos financeiros pelas companhias abertas vis a vis seu objeto social, o que exige a proteção de seus investidores e credores. É tratada a tutela do objeto social na legislação societária para as companhias abertas, tipo específico de sociedade escolhido pela gama de interesses que a cercam e pela importância no atual estágio de desenvolvimento do mercado de capitais. Para tanto, será demonstrada a utilidade da cláusula do objeto social na realidade das companhias abertas segundo um ponto de vista tríplice, (i) a disciplina do contrato, (ii) a capacidade de agir da sociedade e (iii) os atos ultra vires praticados pelos administradores, abordando o princípio da boa-fé, teoria da aparência, abuso de poder, em suas modalidades de excesso de poder e desvio de poder, à luz de uma nova realidade descortinada pela crise global de 2008, pela evolução tecnológica e disseminada utilização de complexos instrumentos financeiros. Verificando-se a utilização de instrumentos derivativos complexos e de derivativos de câmbio pelas companhias abertas em operações realizadas no mercado de balcão, de forma pouco transparente e sem controle adequado do risco, que acarretaram substanciais prejuízos em detrimento de todos os acionistas, apresenta-se como indagação se tais operações financeiras especulativas extrapolaram o conteúdo do objeto social e se poderiam, ou não, ter sido contratadas. / This thesis purports to provide arguments in connection with a current reality in Brazil, consisting of the increasing use of financial instruments by publicly-held companies vis a vis their corporate purpose, what requires the protection of investors and creditors. This thesis addresses the rules related to the corporate purpose that are provided for in the corporation law, and that are applicable to publicly-held companies, a corporate type which is elected by various interests surrounding it and by the importance in the current development of the capital market. In this respect, the utility of the corporate object clause in the activity of publicly-held companies will be demonstrated through a triple point of view: (i) the rules related to the corporate by laws; (ii) the companys capacity to act; and (iii) the ultra vires acts performed by the managers of the company, in view of the good-faith principle, disregard institute, abuse of rights, in its modalities of exciding rights and deviation of rights, in the context of the 2008 global crisis, the technological progress, as well as the wide use of complex financial instruments. In view of the use of both sophisticated derivative instruments and foreign exchange derivatives by publicly-held companies in transactions carried out on the over-the-counter market, in a non-transparent manner and without appropriate risk-control, which resulted in substantial losses to all shareholders, it lights up the discussion whether such speculative financial transactions exceeded the limit of the relevant corporate object, and whether they could, or could not, be agreed upon.
72

國內上市公司及銀行業會計人員對衍生性金融商品認知與報導能力之研究 / A study on accountants' understanding and reporting ability on derivative financial instruments in Taiwan

陳俊吉, Chen, Chun-Chi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的是希望在第二十七號公報正式適用(八十七年十二月三十一日)之前,探討國內上市公司與銀行業會計人員對衍生性金融商品的認知程度,並瞭解其差異。另一目的則是希望瞭解企業依照第二十七號公報之要求揭露衍生性金融商品時,最難決定之事項及對第二十七號公報的看法。 本研究以問卷為資料收集的工具,其中「認知能力」定義為會計人員對衍生性金融商品的瞭解程度,而瞭解程度的高低,一種為會計人員自已主觀的衡量,另一種則依據會計人員在問卷第五部份「衍生性金融商品基本知識」測驗答對題數來判定。答對題數之高低,可作為會計人員瞭解衍生性金融商品程度之指標。 在回收的106份問卷中,只有2位(佔2.3%)會計人員不知道什麼是衍生性金融商品。至於造成會計人員對衍生性金融商品認知與瞭解程度差異的原因,經統計檢定後,有以下幾項: (1)企業的型態, (2)會計人員熟悉衍生性金融商品的程度, (3)會計人員認定衍生性金融商品的能力, (4)會計人員是否接受衍生性金融商品相關訓練,及 (5)企業目前使用(或過去使用過)衍生性金融商品與否。 大約有八成的會計人員在會計處理過程中,主要是依據「揭露要點」來判斷某項金融商品是否為衍生性金融商品。在目前使用(或使用過)衍生性金融商品的企業中,大約有六成的會計人員認為依照第二十七號公報揭露衍生性金融商品時,最難決定的項目為各商品的財務風險,而未曾使用過衍生性金融商品的企業中,亦有六成會計人員認為各類商品的財務風險最難決定。 影響會計人員對衍生性金融商品的認知與瞭解能力的因素中,有一項為會計人員是否接受衍生性金融商品的相關訓練,由此可知,提昇會計人員對衍生性金融商品瞭解的方法就是加強其有關衍生性金融商品的訓練。會計人員對衍生性金融商品的瞭解程度超高,將可增進其對衍生性金融商品的認定、會計處理、甚至報導的能力。 / In recent years, many derivative financial instruments (DFI) have been introduced into the domestic market. While transaction volumes of DFI are increasing, the relative risk enterprises expose to is increasing. Under this circumstance, accountants' understanding ofDFI becomes more and more important to the users of financial statement. If an accountant understands DFI well enough, he/she can adequately report the transactions ofDFI and, therefore, users of financial statements can properly assess the risk the enterprise faces. In this study, the author investigated the extent of the accountants understanding DFI and their ability to adequately report DFI transactions in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.27 in ROC. The author used questionnaire as a tool in gathering data. Questionnaires are sent to the accountants of listed companies and companies in banking industries in Taiwan. Two indexes are used in measuring the extent of the accountants' understanding about DFI. One is a five-scale measurement to be filled by the accountants evaluating their own capability. The other is the number of correctly answered questions about DFI by the accountants, in addition, the accounts are asked weather they have the capability of adequately disclosing DFI transactions in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.27 in ROC. The Results of this research can be concluded as follow: 1. Generally speaking, the extent of the accountants understanding DFI is moderate. 2. The accountants in the enterprises involve in DFI transactions understand DFI better than those in the enterprises not involve in DFI transactions. 3.The accountants have difficulties to report DFI in accordance with the statement of financial accounting standard No.27 in ROC.
73

金融商品採用公平價值會計準則對財務報表可靠性之影響 / Impact to the reliability of financial statements by adopting fair value accounting standards over financial instruments

唐心怡, Tang, Hsin Yi Unknown Date (has links)
財務報表公平價值之表達,因為能即時反應企業最新的財務績效,以致擁有較佳決策攸關性,近年來為世界各國會計準則制定之趨勢。然而,2008年全球經歷金融海嘯後,公平價值會計合適與否的議題浮上檯面:增加財報攸關性的同時,公平價值會計是否卻降低了財務資訊之可靠性?   本研究採用Khan and Watts(2009)發展出之C_Score作為衡量財報可靠程度的值,以此檢視台灣上市櫃公司實施金融商品公平價值會計準則後,對財報可靠性之影響。實證結果發現,準則的採用有助提升整體產業財報可靠性;然而於景氣繁榮時,反倒使財報可靠性較為減低。另外,準則實施後,金融相關產業每年財報可靠值之變化方向與其他產業一致,然而幅度顯著較大;以此也了解到,金融海嘯期間,美國金融業之所以積極提出應廢止或暫停公平價值會計準則,有其原因。   最後,以市價淨值比再度驗證C_Score之有效性,得出相同結果;亦觀察到我國近年來整體公司的財報,有愈加可靠之趨勢。 / Recently, since fair value accounting used in financial statements provides better representation over the operating result of enterprises, as well as leads to better decision making, it has become the trend for accounting principle setting internationally. However, after encountering the global economic tsunami in 2008, whether using fair value accounting is suitable has become a discussion floating over the counter as: when increasing the relevance in financial statements, will the reliability of financial information decrease at the same time?   This study uses C_Score developed by Khan and Watts(2009) to evaluate the effect on the reliability of financial statements over Taiwan companies traded in the exchange and over-the-counter market, after adopting fair value accounting standards of financial instruments. The empirical test shows that after adopting the standards, it helps to increase the reliability of financial statements of overall industries; however, when the market environment is good, it decreases the reliability of financial statements. Then, after adopting the standards, the reliability of financial statements in financial related industries changes in the same direction as other industries, but its value is significantly larger. Considering this fact, it is understandable that during the period of economic tsunami, why financial industry in the United States claims to abolish or pause using fair value accounting aggressively.   Finally, by using market-to-book ratio to test the effectiveness of C_Score, the result is same as previous. It is also observed that financial statements of the whole industry have become increasingly reliable in recent years.
74

Värdering och redovisning till verkligt värde av finansiella instrument : en studie av IAS 39 och SFAS 157 / Fair value measurement of financial instruments : a study of IAS 39 and SFAS 157

Campner, Britta, Liang, Yucong, Melkersson, Rickard January 2009 (has links)
<p><strong>Bakgrund och problem: </strong>Som ett steg i konvergeringsprocessen med FASB startade IASB år2006 ett projekt med syfte att skapa en enhetlig standard för värdering till verkligt värde i helaIFRS. I den inledande fasen av projektet utformades ett discussion paper, där denamerikanska motsvarigheten för värdering till verkligt värde, SFAS 157, användes somutgångspunkt. En av de standarder som i hög grad innefattar värdering till verkligt värde ochsåledes berörs i stor utsträckning av projektet är IAS 39, redovisning och värdering avfinansiella instrument. Värdering av finansiella instrument är ett komplext och vidaomdebatterat område vilket har uppmärksammats speciellt under finanskrisen då mycketkritik har riktats mot SFAS 157. Definitionerna av verkligt värde skiljer sig i dagsläget mellanSFAS 157 och IAS 39 och organisationer runt om i världen har ställt sig kritiska till en direkttillämpning av den amerikanska definitionen eftersom den anses vara för marknadsbaserad.</p><p><strong>Syfte: </strong>Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur den praktiska redovisningen enligt IAS 39 kantänkas påverkas om IASB inför värderingsmetoderna i SFAS 157, samt beskriva vilkauppfattningar sakkunniga har kring dagens sätt att värdera till verkligt värde samt hur dessastämmer överens med definitionen och värderingsmetoderna i IAS 39 och SFAS 157.</p><p><strong>Metod: </strong>En kvalitativ undersökningsmetod har använts där fem intervjuer har utförts för attsamla in studiens empiriska material. Tre av dessa intervjuer genomfördes med verksammapersoner inom banksektorn. Resterande intervjuer genomfördes med sakkunniga personerinom studiens ämnesområde, varav en revisor och en redovisningsexpert.</p><p><strong>Resultat och slutsats:</strong> Resultatet visar att de flesta av värderingsmetoderna i IAS 39 som harundersökts i studien är mer lämpliga än de i SFAS 157. Vidare visar studien att definitionenav verkligt värde i IAS 39 är att föredra framför definitionen i SFAS 157. IAS 39 erbjuder idagsläget en viss flexibilitet som i viss mån ger utrymme för företagsspecifika värderingar.Denna flexibilitet är uppskattad av samtliga respondenter men skulle kunna utvidgas något föratt bättre återspegla bankernas affärsmodell. Definitionen i SFAS 157 skulle dock leda tillmindre företagsspecifika inslag och därmed begränsa möjligheten att redovisa relevantinformation om bankernas ekonomiska ställning.</p> / <p><strong>Background and problem:</strong> As a step in the process of harmonisation with FASB, IASBstarted a project in 2006 aiming at establishing a common standard for fair valuemeasurement within all IFRS. In the first phase of the project a discussion paper was issued,where the American counterpart for fair value measurement, SFAS 157, was used as a base.One of the standards which to a great extent includes fair value measurement, and therefore isdeeply affected by the project, is IAS 39, recognition and measurement of financialinstruments. Fair value measurement of financial instruments is a complex and widelydebated area which has been actualised specifically during the financial crisis, when a lot ofcriticism has been directed towards SFAS 157. Today the definition of fair value differsbetween SFAS 157 and IAS 39, and organisations around the world have been critical to adirect use of the American definition, since it is regarded as too market oriented.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of the study is to describe how the practical accounting according to IAS39 could be affected if IASB introduce the measurement methods of SFAS 157, and todescribe the opinions of experts regarding the present way of measuring fair value and howthese are in accordance with the definition and measurement methods of IAS 39 and SFAS157.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A qualitative research method has been used, where five interviews were conductedto collect the empirical material for the study. Three of these interviews were made withpersons active in the banking sector. The rest of the interviews were made with experts withinthe subject area of the study, one auditor and one expert in accounting.</p><p><strong>Result and conclusion:</strong> The result shows that most of the measurement methods of IAS 39,which has been examined in the study, are more adequate than those in SFAS 157. The studyfurther shows that the definition of fair value in IAS 39 is preferable to the definition in SFAS157. IAS 39 allows at present a certain degree of company specific measurements. Thisflexibility is appreciated by all of the respondents, but could be further expanded in order tobetter reflect the business model of the banks. The definition in SFAS 157 would, on the otherhand, lead to less company specific measurements and thus limit the possibilities to showrelevant information regarding the economic situation of the banks.</p>
75

Värdering och redovisning till verkligt värde av finansiella instrument : en studie av IAS 39 och SFAS 157 / Fair value measurement of financial instruments : a study of IAS 39 and SFAS 157

Campner, Britta, Liang, Yucong, Melkersson, Rickard January 2009 (has links)
Bakgrund och problem: Som ett steg i konvergeringsprocessen med FASB startade IASB år2006 ett projekt med syfte att skapa en enhetlig standard för värdering till verkligt värde i helaIFRS. I den inledande fasen av projektet utformades ett discussion paper, där denamerikanska motsvarigheten för värdering till verkligt värde, SFAS 157, användes somutgångspunkt. En av de standarder som i hög grad innefattar värdering till verkligt värde ochsåledes berörs i stor utsträckning av projektet är IAS 39, redovisning och värdering avfinansiella instrument. Värdering av finansiella instrument är ett komplext och vidaomdebatterat område vilket har uppmärksammats speciellt under finanskrisen då mycketkritik har riktats mot SFAS 157. Definitionerna av verkligt värde skiljer sig i dagsläget mellanSFAS 157 och IAS 39 och organisationer runt om i världen har ställt sig kritiska till en direkttillämpning av den amerikanska definitionen eftersom den anses vara för marknadsbaserad. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur den praktiska redovisningen enligt IAS 39 kantänkas påverkas om IASB inför värderingsmetoderna i SFAS 157, samt beskriva vilkauppfattningar sakkunniga har kring dagens sätt att värdera till verkligt värde samt hur dessastämmer överens med definitionen och värderingsmetoderna i IAS 39 och SFAS 157. Metod: En kvalitativ undersökningsmetod har använts där fem intervjuer har utförts för attsamla in studiens empiriska material. Tre av dessa intervjuer genomfördes med verksammapersoner inom banksektorn. Resterande intervjuer genomfördes med sakkunniga personerinom studiens ämnesområde, varav en revisor och en redovisningsexpert. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visar att de flesta av värderingsmetoderna i IAS 39 som harundersökts i studien är mer lämpliga än de i SFAS 157. Vidare visar studien att definitionenav verkligt värde i IAS 39 är att föredra framför definitionen i SFAS 157. IAS 39 erbjuder idagsläget en viss flexibilitet som i viss mån ger utrymme för företagsspecifika värderingar.Denna flexibilitet är uppskattad av samtliga respondenter men skulle kunna utvidgas något föratt bättre återspegla bankernas affärsmodell. Definitionen i SFAS 157 skulle dock leda tillmindre företagsspecifika inslag och därmed begränsa möjligheten att redovisa relevantinformation om bankernas ekonomiska ställning. / Background and problem: As a step in the process of harmonisation with FASB, IASBstarted a project in 2006 aiming at establishing a common standard for fair valuemeasurement within all IFRS. In the first phase of the project a discussion paper was issued,where the American counterpart for fair value measurement, SFAS 157, was used as a base.One of the standards which to a great extent includes fair value measurement, and therefore isdeeply affected by the project, is IAS 39, recognition and measurement of financialinstruments. Fair value measurement of financial instruments is a complex and widelydebated area which has been actualised specifically during the financial crisis, when a lot ofcriticism has been directed towards SFAS 157. Today the definition of fair value differsbetween SFAS 157 and IAS 39, and organisations around the world have been critical to adirect use of the American definition, since it is regarded as too market oriented. Aim: The purpose of the study is to describe how the practical accounting according to IAS39 could be affected if IASB introduce the measurement methods of SFAS 157, and todescribe the opinions of experts regarding the present way of measuring fair value and howthese are in accordance with the definition and measurement methods of IAS 39 and SFAS157. Method: A qualitative research method has been used, where five interviews were conductedto collect the empirical material for the study. Three of these interviews were made withpersons active in the banking sector. The rest of the interviews were made with experts withinthe subject area of the study, one auditor and one expert in accounting. Result and conclusion: The result shows that most of the measurement methods of IAS 39,which has been examined in the study, are more adequate than those in SFAS 157. The studyfurther shows that the definition of fair value in IAS 39 is preferable to the definition in SFAS157. IAS 39 allows at present a certain degree of company specific measurements. Thisflexibility is appreciated by all of the respondents, but could be further expanded in order tobetter reflect the business model of the banks. The definition in SFAS 157 would, on the otherhand, lead to less company specific measurements and thus limit the possibilities to showrelevant information regarding the economic situation of the banks.
76

Gli "ibridi finanziari": critica ad una categoria concettuale / Hybrid Debt-Capital Instruments: Critical Examination of a Conceptual Category

VALZER, AMEDEO 09 March 2007 (has links)
L'autore contesta la classificazione degli strumenti finanziari partecipativi e non partecipativi nella categoria concettuale degli ibridi finanziari (o strumenti finanziari ibridi ). Rimarca le differenze tra l' investimento nella società e il finanziamento della società. dimostra che gli strumenti finanziari partecipativi (art. 2346 ult. comma c.c.) possano esser emessi solo a fronte di apporti di patrimonio non imputati a capitale sociale e che gli strumenti finanziari non partecipativi (quasi obbligazioni ex art. 2411 ult. comma c.c.) non possano esser dotati di diritti amministrativi.
77

Bakom stängda dörrar – Svenska börsbolags redovisning av upplysningskrav enligt IFRS 7 Finansiella Instrument: Upplysningar : En kvantitativ studie av årsredovisningar för år 2007 och år 2010 från bolag noterade på OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm Large Cap-listan. / Behind closed doors – How Swedish listed companies report disclosure requirements according to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures : A quantitative study of annual reports for the year 2007 and 2010 by companies listed on the OMX Nordic Exchange Large Cap-list.

Gustafsson, Erika January 2011 (has links)
Bakgrund: Krav på ökad information och transparens i årsredovisningar har varit ett debatterat ämne de senaste åren. International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) har uppmärksammats med anledning av de ökad krav på upplysningar som standarden ställer däribland genom reglerna i IFRS 7 Finansiella Instrument: Upplysningar. Användandet av IFRS 7 blev lag år 2007 och gäller vid upprättande av en koncernredovisning. Kraven i IFRS 7 syftar till att visa företags hantering av finansiella instrument och därmed öka redovisningens transparens. Med anledning av de ökade krav som ställs på företag vill denna studie se hur noterade bolag har anpassat och förändrat sin redovisning enligt standarden.    Syfte: Studiens syfte är att analysera bolag noterade på OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm Large Cap och deras redovisning enligt IFRS 7 för att se om någon förändring skett i mängden upplysningar som lämnats i årsredovisningar för år 2010 jämfört med år 2007. Metod: Den kvantitativa metoden har använts för att genomföra undersökningen. Den positivistiska inriktningen har varit i fokus då antaganden som gjorts på förhand blivit erkända eller förkastade genom en objektiv granskning av de kvantitativa data som samlats in. I undersökningen ingår 37 bolag och totalt har 74 årsredovisningar granskats. Följande punkter valdes ut och undersöktes sedan i de aktuella årsredovisningarna: Punkt 8 Rapport över finansiell ställning, Punkt 20 Rapport över totalresultat, Punkt 33 Kvalitativa upplysningar, Punkt 36-37 Kreditrisk, Punkt 39 Likviditetsrisk och Punkt 40-42 Marknadsrisk. Materialet som samlats in har förts in i kodningstabeller skapade i SPSS för att sedan analyseras. Slutsats: Det har sedan införandet av IFRS 7 år 2007 skett en förändring i redovisningen enligt de undersökta punkterna. Mängden ord som redovisas i samband med de undersökta punkterna har i årsredovisningarna för år 2010 ökat jämfört med mängden ord som redovisades år 2007. En ökning har också skett med avseende på antalet punkter som följs fullt ut. Flera av bolagen har också gjort någon typ av ändring beträffande placering, framställning, rubrik, borttagning eller tillägg av information vid redovisning enligt IFRS 7 år 2010. / Background: Requirements for increased information and transparency in annual reports has in recent years been a debated topic. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has been a discussed standard in response to the amount of disclosure requirements it contains. IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures is one standard included in IFRS which since year 2007 requires listed companies to report their management of financial instruments and thereby increase the transparency. IFRS 7 was standardized in the year 2007 for companies that prepare consolidated financial statements. Due to the increased demands placed on listed companies this study wants to see how the companies have adapted and changed their accounting in accordance with the standard. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze public companies listed on OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm Large Cap and their accounting in accordance with IFRS 7 in order to see if any changes are made in the amount of information provided in the financial statements for the year 2010 compared to 2007. Methodology: The quantitative method has been used to conduct this study and the positivistic objective has been in focus. The study sample included 37 companies and a total of 74 annual reports. The following parts were selected from IFRS 7 and examined in the annual reports: Paragraph 8 Balance sheet, Paragraph 20 Income statement and equity, Paragraph 33 Qualitative disclosures, Paragraph 36-37 Credit risk, Paragraph 39 Liquidity risk and Paragraph 40-42 Market risk. The information collected from the annual reports have been put in to a coding system created in SPSS and then analyzed.       Conclusion: Since the standardization of IFRS 7 in year 2007 there has been a change in the way listed companies account in accordance with the examined parts. The amount of words related to the examined parts in the annual reports of year 2010 has increased compared to the amount of words disclosed in year 2007. The study also shows that more of the examined parts are accounted for. Several of the investigated companies have also made changes regarding the placement and the presentation of the information. Change of headline and removal of information also occurred. Additionally some companies added new information
78

Bitcoin: A Seemingly Rampant Elevator, or is Someone Pushing its Buttons? : A Case Study on Bitcoin’s Fluctuations in Price and Concept

Wandery, Oscar January 2014 (has links)
This study looks at the price mechanism of the digital quasi-currency bitcoin. Through statistical analysis of secondary data a probable significant results regarding correlation and regression between price and different independent variables have been established. The final analysis is pointing towards network effects being a part of the determinants for the crypto-currency’s price. Complimentary to the quantitative study explained above, an implementation of hermeneutic analysis based on secondary theoretical sources, journalistic opinion and a professional qualified judgment has aided the author and study in conceptual understanding. This interpretation has semantic character, and takes a Socratic kickoff regarding the nature of bitcoin as a financial instrument. The analysis runs back and forth throughout the course of the study and finally intertwines with qualitative results in the discussion. It is the author’s impression that a significant dimorphism surrounds bitcoin, calling for a conceptual differentiation leading to practical rethinking. The study takes the shape of a case-study conducted over four months. The author’s location during the process of writing was Stockholm Sweden, but the gathered data is of transnational character. / Den här studien tittar på prismekanismen hos den digitala kvasi-valören bitcoin. Genom statistisk analys av sekundärdata har sannolikt signifikanta resultat angående korrelation och linjärregrission mellan pris och olika oberoende variabler ettablerats. Den slutgiltiga analysen pekar mot att nätverksvariabler är delaktiga i avgörandet av krypto-valutans pris. Komplimentärt till den kvantitativa studen förklarad ovanför så har en implementation av hermeneutisk analys basserad på sekundära källor, journalistiska åsikter och ett professionellt kvalifiserat uttalande hjälpt författaren samt studien i dess konceptuella förståelse. Denna tolkning har semantisk karaktär, och tar Sokratisk avstamp gällande bitcoins natur som ett finansielt instrument. Analysen går fram och tillbaka genom uppsatsens gång, för att slutligen sammanvävas med de kvantitativa resultaten i uppsatsens diskussion. Det är denna förfatares intryck att en signifikant dimorphism omsluter bitcoin och kallar för en konceptuel differensiering som leder till praktiskt nytänkande. Studen tar formen av en fallstudie som genomförts om loppet av fyra månader. Författarens plats genom skrivandeprocessen var Stockholm Sverige, men den samlade datan har transnationell karaktär.
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Regionální politika EU v podmínkách česko-rakouské spolupráce / Regional policy Europian Union between Czech republic and Austria

MRÁZOVÁ, Jana January 2007 (has links)
My diploma project describes development and outcomes of the regional policy of the Czech Republic. The project is devided in two parts. The first part is oriented on the development of the regional policy and it´s aims with a perpective until 2013. The second part describes the cooperation between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Austria including particular outcomes.
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Adoção do valor justo: um estudo sobre a relevância do valor justo dos ativos biológicos e propriedades para investimento nas empresas não financeiras de capital aberto no Brasil nos anos de 2010 e 2011 / Adoption of fain value: a study on the relevance of fain value of biological assets and investimnets properties in non-financial companies traded in Brazil in 2010 and 2011

Thiago de Abreu Costa 06 February 2013 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente estudo analisou a relevância (value relevance) do valor justo dos ativos biológicos, propriedades para investimento e instrumento financeiros apurado pelas empresas brasileiras não financeiras de capital aberto nos anos de 2010 e 2011 (após implementação das normas internacionais de contabilidade) na formação do preço de suas ações. Foram selecionadas para o estudo empresas não financeiras de capital aberto que foram impactadas pelo CPC 28 Propriedades para Investimento e pelo CPC 29 Ativos Biológicos, sendo identificadas 70 empresas no ano de 2010 e 76 no ano de 2011. Foi utilizada como procedimento metodológico análise quantitativa, realizada através de estatística univariada (teste de diferença de média) e estatística multivariada (utilizando-se o modelo de Ohlson (1995)). O estudo constatou que: (a) 8% das empresas brasileiras não financeiras de capital aberto foram impactadas pelo CPC 29, enquanto que 16% foram impactadas pelo CPC 28; (b) na média, o efeito do valor justo dos ativos biológicos e propriedades para investimento reconhecido no resultado contribuiu para o aumento dessa variável contábil das empresas analisadas, enquanto que o efeito do valor justo proveniente dos instrumentos financeiros contribuiu, na média, para diminuir o resultado das empresas analisadas; (c) o teste de diferença de média (Wilcoxon) apontou que as alterações do valor justo foram responsáveis por diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis contábeis (patrimônio líquido e resultado) com o efeito do valor justo e sem o efeito do valor justo em todos os anos e casos analisados; e (d) os resultados do modelo de Ohlson indicam que efeito do total do valor justo reconhecido no resultado foi detectado como relevante em 2010, assim como o valor justo das propriedades para investimento, e instrumentos financeiros. No pooled, foram encontradas evidências da relevância do efeito do valor justo provenientes do CPC 28, CPC 29 e CPC38. Não foram encontradas evidências da relevância do valor justo no ano de 2011. / This study examined the relevance (value relevance) of fair value of biological assets, investment properties and financial instruments established by Brazilian companies not traded in financial years 2010 and 2011 (after implementation of international accounting standards) in the formation of its share price. Were selected for the study of non-financial companies traded that were impacted by CPC 28 - Investment Property and CPC 29 - Biological Assets, identified 70 companies in 2010 and 76 in 2011. It was used as a methodological procedure quantitative analysis performed using univariate statistical test (mean difference) and multivariate statistics (using the Ohlson (1995)). The study found that: (a) 8% of non-financial Brazilian companies traded were impacted by CPC 29, while 16% were impacted by CPC 28 (b) on average, the effect of fair value of biological assets and properties investment recognized in earnings contributed to the increase in this variable accounting of the companies analyzed, while the effect of fair value from financial instruments contributed, on average, to decrease the income of the companies analyzed, (c) test the mean difference ( Wilcoxon) pointed out that the changes in fair value accounted for statistically significant differences between the accounting variables (income and equity) with the effect of fair value and without the effect of fair value for all years and cases analyzed, and (d) the results of Ohlson model indicate that the total effect of the fair value recognized in earnings was detected as relevant in 2010 as well as the fair value of investment properties and financial instruments. In pooled, we found evidence of the relevance of the effect of fair value from the CPC 28, CPC 29 and CPC38. There was no evidence of the relevance of fair value in the year 2011.

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