Thèse (Ph.D) -- Université Laval, 2003. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 mars 2004). Bibliogr.

Sherlock Holmes har adapterats till film i över hundra år. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att genomföra en studie om adaptioner av Sherlock Holmes romanen The Hound of the Baskerville har anpassats för sin samtid mellan 1939 och 2012. Analysen utgår därmed ifrån Sidney Lanfields adaption ifrån 1939 med Basil Rathbone, Terence Fishers adaption ifrån 1959 med Peter Cushing. Slutligen TV-serien Sherlocks adaption ifrån 2012 med Benedict Cumberbatch i rollen som Holmes. Den grundläggande teorin för uppsatsen är adaptionsteori, för att få fram hur Sir Arthur Conan Doyles roman har ändrats och anpassats för att bli lämplig för sin samtida publik. Analysen är uppdelad i tre kapitel, i vilka olika delar av det som har adapterats analyseras. De olika kapitlen handlar om filmskaparna har omarbetat och tolkat Doyles roman för sin samtid? Har de tolkat och omarbetat de kvinnliga karaktärerna för sin samtids publik? Har Sherlock själv utvecklats mellan de tre adaptionerna? Slutsats omfattar sedan en diskussion om uppsatsens resultat, baserad på Linda Hutcheons teori om adaption. / Sherlock Holmes have been adapted to film for over a hundred years. The purpose with this essay is to conduct a study of how adaptations of the Sherlock Holmes novel The Hound of the Baskervilles have been adjusted between 1939 and 2012, to make the story more appropriate for their contemporary audience. The analysis is based on Sidney Lanfields 1939 adaptation with Basil Rathbone, the 1959 Terence Fisher adaptation with Peter Cushing and the 2012 adaptation for the TV series Sherlock. The Essay is based in adaption theory, to determine how Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s novel has been changed and adjusted to make the story more appropriate for the contemporary audience of the adaptation in question. The analysis is divided into three chapters, which examines different aspects of what has been adapted. The different chapters analyze how the filmmakers have reworked and interpreted Doyle’s novel for their time, how they have interpreted and reworked the female characters and how Sherlock himself has evolved between the three adaptations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GekbedeDS.pdf: 1872852 bytes, checksum: b9b86e10655c0476b2efd2d05810e0d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Barra do Camaratuba belongs to Mataraca city, nearby the boarder between Para?ba and Rio Grande do Norte states. It was the chosen community to develop this research, objectifying to study the set of practical of the cultural manifestations and the implications of the local tourist activity, considering the cultural dynamics. We tried to reconstruct stories from the narratives of the oldest inhabitants, natives, among others that they had lived, some how, individual and collective experiences related to the popular tricks and the traditional parties, considering what they speak and imagine about their experiences and its culture. The Lapinha, the Pastoril, the viola s songs, the Balls of Concertina, the Jo?o Redondo, the Ox of Kings, the wheel of Coconut were common practical perceivable through the communitarian bonds. Among these manifestations, the only one that resisted for a longer time was the wheel coconut. The S?o Pedro s fest is another popular manifestation that appears on the current scene like the padroeiro party, while others cultural practical compose the spectacle s scenery. These questions cover many of the narratives of the interviewed ones in the interlaced thing between memory, tourism and tradition. Therefore, we tried to build our research from the memory, participant observation, orality, techniques of the life history, personal depositions, among others basic methods for the reconstruction of a collective memory . Speaking about the past of Barra do Camaratuba is to live again the parties, the blood relations, the ter?o , the work in the ro?ados , in the flour house, the fishing, the leisure and the habits of the daily life. In this community, there is the presence of conflicts of social and cultural order, caused for the hegemonic classes that sponsor the parties. In the padroeiro party we perceive that the mercantile logic has started, very recently, to transform the religious factor into an excuse to put into motion the local economy. This way, a community originated from artisan fishers and agriculturists, having the fishing practical as a way of subsistence and the tricks as a reference, they had started to compose a new social picture with the arrival of the others and with the presumption and recent tourist development. We perceive social, environmental and cultural impact transformations, exemplified by a non planned activity or a predatory tourism. The changes will always be pointed and compared with other passing in a sphere of relations lived by the natives, local players and fishers / Barra do Camaratuba, pertencente ao munic?pio de Mataraca, pr?xima ? divisa da Para?ba com o Rio Grande do Norte, foi a comunidade escolhida para desenvolvermos este trabalho, objetivando estudar o conjunto das pr?ticas das manifesta??es culturais e as implica??es da atividade tur?stica local, considerando a din?mica cultural. Procuramos reconstruir hist?rias a partir das narrativas dos moradores mais antigos , nativos, entre outros que vivenciaram, de alguma forma, experi?ncias individuais e coletivas relacionadas ?s brincadeiras populares e ?s festas tradicionais, levando em considera??o o que falam e imaginam sobre o vivido e sobre sua cultura. A Lapinha, o Pastoril, as Cantorias de Viola, os Bailes de Sanfona, o Jo?o Redondo, o Boi de Reis, o Coco de Roda, eram pr?ticas comuns percept?veis atrav?s dos v?nculos comunit?rios. Dentre essas manifesta??es, a ?nica que resistiu por mais tempo foi o coco de roda. A festa de S?o Pedro ? outra manifesta??o popular que aparece no cen?rio atual como a festa de padroeiro, enquanto outras pr?ticas culturais v?o compondo o cen?rio do espet?culo. Estas quest?es percorrem muitas das narrativas dos entrevistados no entrela?ado entre mem?ria, turismo e tradi??o. Portanto, procuramos construir nosso trabalho a partir da mem?ria, da observa??o participante, da oralidade, das t?cnicas da hist?ria de vida, depoimentos pessoais, entre outros m?todos fundamentais para a reconstru??o de uma mem?ria coletiva . Falar sobre o passado de Barra do Camaratuba ? reviver as festas, as rela??es de parentesco, o ter?o, o trabalho nos ro?ados, na casa de farinha, as pescarias, o lazer e os h?bitos da vida cotidiana. Nessa comunidade h? presen?a de conflitos de ordem social e cultural, causados pelas classes hegem?nicas que patrocinam as festas. Na festa de padroeiro percebemos que a l?gica mercantil come?ou, muito recentemente, a transformar o fator religioso num pretexto para movimentar a economia do local. Dessa forma, uma comunidade originada a partir de pescadores artesanais e agricultores, tendo a pesca como meio de subsist?ncia e as brincadeiras com refer?ncia de divers?o, passaram a compor um novo quadro social com a chegada de outros e com o suposto e recente desenvolvimento tur?stico. Percebemos transforma??es de impactos s?cioambientais e culturais, exemplificados por uma atividade n?o planejada ou um turismo predat?rio. As mudan?as sempre ser?o apontadas e comparadas a outras passadas numa esfera de rela??es vivenciadas pelos nativos, brincantes e pescadores locais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulienneLSG_DISSERT.pdf: 3129741 bytes, checksum: 01fa716a863951b5f4c40aa6b43be6ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The conservation unities emerged in response to the environmental damages. In the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian Northeast, the most of the damages come from the sugar-cane agro-industry, especially by the deforestation for the introduction of sugar-cane fields and installation of the industry structure. Besides the damages over the biodiversity, there are critical social problems that affect the communities which survive using directly or indirectly the biome from the Atlantic Forest. The objective of this research is to analyze the social impacts on the fishermen of Ba?a Formosa/RN generated by the changes and socio-environmental transformations occurred starting the installation of a sugar-cane factory and the creation of a conservation area in the municipality of Ba?a Formosa/RN community. The research is based on a qualitative and diachronic perspective, for both approach, it was used the method of oral history in conjunction with the literature search and some technical and research tools such as direct observation, interview, records images and recordings . The results show that social and symbolic practices of the community in the conservation unit Mata Estrela last more strongly presented. Today fewer natural resources are used, due to factors such as limit access to forest and disappearance of some natural resources by deforestation. It is believed that the loss of free access to space for the community is the most significant negative impact, as promoted changes in the relationship of the community with the Star Forest that contributed to the fading of their social and symbolic practices. The loss of free access caused the decline in the practice of agriculture, which resulted in the loss of one of the means of social reproduction of the community / As unidades de conserva??o surgiram em resposta aos danos ambientais. Na Mata Atl?ntica do Nordeste brasileiro, os maiores danos s?o oriundos da agroind?stria canavieira, sobretudo atrav?s do desmatamento para introdu??o dos canaviais e instala??o do aparato industrial. Al?m dos danos a biodiversidade, h? tamb?m s?rios problemas sociais que afetam as comunidades que sobrevivem direta ou indiretamente do bioma da Mata Atl?ntica. O objetivo dessa pesquisa ? analisar os impactos sociais na comunidade de pescadores de Ba?a Formosa/RN, gerados pelas mudan?as e transforma??es socioambientais ocorridas a partir da instala??o de uma usina sucroalcooleira e a cria??o de uma unidade de conserva??o no munic?pio de Ba?a Formosa/RN. A pesquisa fundamenta-se numa abordagem de natureza qualitativa e perspectiva diacr?nica, para tanto, empregou-se o m?todo da hist?ria oral em conjunto com a pesquisa bibliogr?fica e algumas t?cnicas e instrumentos de pesquisa como a observa??o direta, entrevista, registros de imagens e grava??es. Os resultados apontam que as pr?ticas sociais e simb?licas da comunidade na unidade de conserva??o Mata Estrela no passado se apresentavam mais fortemente. Hoje os recursos naturais s?o menos utilizados, devido a fatores como limite do acesso a mata e desaparecimento de alguns recursos naturais pelo desmatamento. Acredita-se que a perda do livre acesso ao espa?o pela comunidade ? o impacto negativo mais significativo, pois promoveu mudan?as na rela??o da comunidade com a Mata Estrela que contribu?ram para o esmaecimento das suas pr?ticas sociais e simb?licas. A perda do livre acesso ocasionou o decl?nio da pr?tica da agricultura, o que resultou na perda de um dos meios de reprodu??o social dessa comunidade

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T11:48:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LigiaMR_TESE.pdf: 2564121 bytes, checksum: 1031f6b9cfcf0f808b8f332346c785a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Coastal and marine protected areas are created to protect habitat, avoid biodiversity loss, and to help maintain viable fisheries. However, most of these areas in tropical countries occurs in impoverished regions and directly affect the livelihood and survival of coastal communities which directly depend on fisheries and shellfisheries. Therefore, socioeconomic and conservation goals overlap. In this context, fishers should have a central place in resource management. They are critical resource users and their behavior directly affects the system. Shellfish resources are important sources of food, employment and income to fishing communities in Latin America. But despite its widespread use for food and income, there is an urgent need of more research on shellfish management. This research discusses the artisanal fisheries of Venus clam (Anomalocardia brasiliana) (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in Brazil, and points out strategies to improve the system. Venus clam is a small and commonly exploited species for food and income on the Brazilian coast. This research was carried out at Ponta do Tubar?o Sustainable Development Reserve (Brazilian Northeast coast), where there was no information available about who harvest, where or how much Venus clam has been harvested, despite this resource being exploited for generations. Clam fishery follows the pattern of socio-economic invisibility that general clam exploitation has in Brazil. Methods used were interviews, participatory monitoring and focal follow observation from January 2010 to May 2011. Results include: (a) the identification of shell fishers, (b) how harvest and meat processing are performed (mollusk beds, time spent, gross and net production), (c) the analisis of shell fisher income and their economic sustentability, and (d) the involvement of shell fisher families in data gathering and analyses for the first time. Based on the acquired knowledge, we propose a new institutional arrangement for clam fishery including co-management, fisheries agreement, compensatory arrangements and improvements for the Venus clam value chain such as the establishment of a minimum price for clam meat. This research also includes two other results: a general description for Venus clam harvesting in the Brazilian Northeast coast and a specific discussion about co-management of Venus clam in Brazil. The first one was possible through the meeting of several shell fisherwomen from other states during activities promoted by People of the Tides (PoT) project. PoT was an international initiative aiming to develop coastal communities that depend on mollusk for their livelihood. The second one is a comparison between PoT and Venus clam management at Pirajuba? Marine Extractive Reserve (Santa Catarina). It evaluates the success and failures of these only two initiatives involving co-management of A. brasiliana in Brazil / ?reas Protegidas costeiras e marinhas s?o criadas para conservar a biodiversidade e manter os recursos pesqueiros. No entanto, muitas vezes envolvem comunidades litor?neas em situa??o de pobreza e que t?m a pesca (e a mariscagem) como principal fonte de alimento e renda. Assim, objetivos econ?micos, sociais e de conserva??o se sobrep?em. Neste processo, entender o comportamento dos pescadores ? essencial, j? que s?o usu?rios diretos dos recursos marinhos e seu comportamento afeta o sistema pesqueiro. Apesar da pesca de invertebrados fazer parte da historia de ocupa??o humana das ?reas costeiras e ser importante fonte de alimento e renda na America Latina, faltam pesquisas para o manejo destes recursos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo entender a pesca artesanal do b?zio Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia: Veneridae), molusco bivalve com alto valor social no nordeste brasileiro, e propor estrat?gias de manejo participativo para o mesmo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual Ponta do Tubar?o (RDSEPT, RN), onde pouco se conhecia sobre a forma de explora??o desta esp?cie e seus usu?rios, seguindo o padr?o nacional de invisibilidade que a atividade tem no Brasil. Atrav?s de entrevistas, monitoramento participativo e acompanhamento da pesca no per?odo de janeiro/2010 a maio/2011, foi poss?vel: a) identificar quem mariscava (perfil e frequ?ncia na mar?), b) registrar a pesca (os locais e formas de extra??o, as quantidades extra?das, as formas de beneficiamento e o tempo gasto na atividade), c) discutir a sustentabilidade socio econ?mica da atividade, e d) envolver as fam?lias no levantamento e an?lise de dados. Com o conhecimento gerado recomenda-se um arranjo institucional participativo para a mariscagem, envolvendo co-manejo, acordo de pesca, defeso diferenciado e melhorias para a cadeia produtiva do b?zio (como pre?o m?nimo para a carne, fortalecimento de redes de produtores e campanhas de valoriza??o do produto). A partir do envolvimento com outras comunidades marisqueiras, foi tamb?m poss?vel fazer uma descri??o detalhada sobre como a mariscagem acontece no Nordeste brasileiro. Por fim, comparando-se a experi?ncia do Projeto Gente da Mar?, envolvendo comunidades marisqueiras no Nordeste brasileiro, e a da implanta??o da Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Pirajuba? (SC), analisou-se os avan?os e as dificuldades existentes nas iniciativas que envolveram co-manejo de A. brasiliana no Brasil

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T21:57:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IcaroKennedyFrancelinoMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 6308092 bytes, checksum: 65c9e0d99b3ea645902b37237e873ed1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-03T20:32:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IcaroKennedyFrancelinoMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 6308092 bytes, checksum: 65c9e0d99b3ea645902b37237e873ed1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T20:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IcaroKennedyFrancelinoMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 6308092 bytes, checksum: 65c9e0d99b3ea645902b37237e873ed1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Grandes esfor?os observacionais t?m sido direcionados para investigar a natureza da chamada energia escura. Nesta disserta??o derivamos v?nculos sobre modelos de energia escura utilizando tr?s diferentes observ?veis: medidas da taxa de expans?o H(z) (compiladas por Meng et al. em 2015); m?dulo de dist?ncia de 580 Supernovas do Tipo Ia (cat?logo Union Compilation 2.1, 2011); e as observa??es do pico de oscila??o de b?rions (BAO) e a radia??o c?smica de fundo (CMB) utilizando a chamada raz?o CMB/BAO, que relaciona 6 picos de BAO (um pico determinado atrav?s dos dados do Survey 6dFGS, dois atrav?s do SDSS e tr?s atrav?s do WiggleZ). A an?lise estat?stica utilizada foi o m?todo do ?2 m?nimo (marginalizado ou minimizado sobre h sempre que poss?vel) para vincular os par?metro cosmol?gicos: ?m, ??, ? e ??0. Esses testes foram aplicados em duas parametriza??es do par?metro ? da equa??o de estado da energia escura, p=?? (aqui, p ? a press?o e ? ? a densidade de energia da componente). Numa, ? ? considerado constante e menor que -1/3, conhecido como modelo XCDM; na outra parametriza??o, o par?metro da equa??o de estado varia com o redshift, no qual o chamamos de Modelo GS. Esta ?ltima parametriza??o ? baseada em argumentos que surgem da teoria da infla??o cosmol?gica. Para efeitos de compara??o tamb?m foi feita a an?lise do modelo ?CDM. A compara??o dos modelos cosmol?gicos com as diferentes observa??es leva a diferentes melhores ajustes. Assim, para classificar a viabilidade observacional dos diferentes modelos te?ricos, utilizamos dois crit?rios de informa??o, ou seja, o crit?rio de informa??o bayesiana (BIC) e o crit?rio de informa??o Akaike (AIC). A ferramenta matriz de Fisher foi incorporada aos nossos testes para nos fornecer a incerteza dos par?metros de cada modelo te?rico. Verificamos que a complementariedade dos testes ? necess?ria para n?o termos espa?os param?tricos degenerados. Fazendo o processo de minimiza??o encontramos, dentro da regi?o de 1? (68%), que para o Modelo XCDM os melhores ajustes dos par?metros s?o ?m=0,28?0,012 e ?X=-1,01?0,052. Enquanto que para o Modelo GS os melhores ajustes s?o ?m=0,28?0,011 e ??0=0,00?0,059. E realizando uma marginaliza??o encontramos, dentro da regi?o de 1? (68%), que para o Modelo XCDM os melhores ajustes dos par?metros s?o ?m=0,28?0,012 e ?X=-1,01?0,052. Enquanto que para o Modelo GS os melhores ajustes s?o ?m=0,28?0,011 e ??0=0,00?0,059. / A significant observational effort has been directed to investigate the nature of the so-called dark energy. In this dissertation we derive constraints on dark energy models using three different observable: measurements of the Hubble rate H(z) (compiled by Meng et al. in 2015.); distance modulus of 580 Supernovae Type Ia (Union catalog Compilation 2.1, 2011); and the observations of baryon acoustic oscilations (BAO) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by using the so-called CMB/BAO of six peaks of BAO (a peak determined through the Survey 6dFGS data, two through the SDSS and three through WiggleZ). The statistical analysis used was the method of the ?2 minimum (marginalized or minimized over h whenever possible) to link the cosmological parameter: m, ? and ??0. These tests were applied in two parameterization of the parameter ? of the equation of state of dark energy, p = ?? (here, p is the pressure and ? is the component of energy density). In one, ? is considered constant and less than -1/3, known as XCDM model; in the other the parameter of state equantion varies with the redshift, where we the call model GS. This last model is based on arguments that arise from the theory of cosmological inflation. For comparison it was also made the analysis of model CDM. Comparison of cosmological models with different observations lead to different optimal settings. Thus, to classify the observational viability of different theoretical models we use two criteria information, the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the Akaike information criteria (AIC). The Fisher matrix tool was incorporated into our testing to provide us with the uncertainty of the parameters of each theoretical model. We found that the complementarity of tests is necessary inorder we do not have degenerate parametric spaces. Making the minimization process we found (68%), for the Model XCDM the best fit parameters are m = 0.28 ? 0, 012 and ?X = ?1.01 ? 0, 052. While for Model GS the best settings are m = 0.28 ? 0, 011 and ??0 = 0.00 ? 0, 059. Performing a marginalization we found (68%), for the Model XCDM the best fit parameters are m = 0.28 ? 0, 012 and ?X = ?1.01 ? 0, 052. While for Model GS the best settings are M = 0.28 ? 0, 011 and ??0 = 0.00 ? 0, 059.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar comparativamente as parcelas operacionais das práticas mortuárias entre sociedades pescadoras-coletoras que viveram no litoral centronorte de São Paulo entre em 5040 a 1381BP. Foram estudados os dados mortuários dos sítios Piaçaguera, Tenório, Mar Virado e Buracão. Entre a Baixada Santista e o litoral norte, um significativo número de sepultamentos foi escavado por arqueólogos da Universidade de São Paulo entre em 1962 a 2004. Foram formuladas 57 variáveis culturais e biológicas distribuídas entre 203 inumações. O Capítulo 1 apresenta as estratégias teóricas gerais e específicas em arqueologia das práticas mortuárias. As características estruturais e ambientais dos sítios arqueológicos foram esboçadas no Capítulo 2. O Capítulo 3 inclui as terminologias e classificações para a descrição dos sepultamentos e seus conteúdos. Nos Capítulos 4 e 5 são comparados os dados mortuários e descritos os contextos arqueológicos dos sepultamentos: corpo, acompanhamentos funerários e outras associações. No Capítulo 6 é apresentada uma síntese sobre a distribuição dos sexos e grupos etários entre os sítios e sobre as modificações diversas nos esqueletos, patológicas ou não. Apresentamos uma síntese das variações e similaridades no interior de instâncias específicas das práticas mortuárias entre os sítios e seus reflexos quanto as dinâmicas socioculturais envolvidas, carreadas intencionalmente ao sistema de símbolos mortuários pelas sociedades dos vivos / The objective of this work is to analyze the operational portions of the mortuary practices comparatively among fisher-gatherer societies that lived in the coast center-north of Sao Paulo (5040 to 1381BP). Between the Santos and the northern coast, a significant number of burials was excavated by archeologists of the University of Sao Paulo enters in 1962 to 2004. They were studied the mortuary data of the archaeological sites Piaçaguera, Tenorio, Mar Virado and Buracao: 57 cultural and biological variables were formulated distributed among 203 inhumations. The Chapter 1 presents the general and specific theoretical strategies in Archaeology of the Mortuary Practices. The structural and environmental characteristics of the archeological sites were sketched in the Chapter 2. The Chapter 3 includes the terminologies and classifications for the description of the burials and their contents. In the Chapters 4 and 5 the mortuary data are compared and described the archeological contexts of the burials: body, attendances mortuaries and other associations. In the Chapter 6 a synthesis is presented on the distribution of the sexes and age groups among the sites and about the several pathological or non-patologic modifications in the skeletons. We presented the synthesis of the variations and similarities inside specific instances of the mortuary practices between the four groups and their reflexes the the involved sociocultural dynamics, carted intentionally to the system of mortuary symbols by the societies

La Synthèse Fischer-Tropsch (SFT) est une technologie clé pour transformer le gaz de synthèse (CO + 2H2) en hydrocarbures liquides, matières premières pour la chimie de base. Il s'avère que les catalyseurs à base de cobalt sont les plus performants et leur développement dans l'industrie impose au matériau support de posséder une conductivité thermique élevée et une structure ouverte. Dans ce travail, un nouveau support hiérarchisé constituée deα -Al2O3, recouvert homogènement de nanotubes de carbone, a été préparé pour supporter des catalyseurs au cobalt. Ces derniers montrent une très grande sélectivité en hydrocarbures liquides ainsi que de meilleures activités catalytiques. Les performances obtenus ont pu être améliorées en déposant une fine couche de TiO2 sur la surface des nanotubes de carbone, améliorant considérablement la dispersion du cobalt et l'activité. Le TiO2, également introduit dans la matrice de β-SiC lors de la synthèse, interagit fortement avec les sites actifs de cobalt, conduisant ainsi à sa grande dispersion et à une meilleure activité et stabilité dans la réaction de SFT. Parallèlement, un catalyseur à base de β-SiC de haute porosité, recouvert d'une couche de dioxyde de titane monocristallin a été développé et testé. Un taux spécifique de 1,2 gC5+. gcat -1. h-1 et une sélectivité en C5+ de 86% ont été obtenus. Ces performances sont les plus élevées signalées jusqu'à présent sur des catalyseurs sans cobalt. / The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a key technology to transform the synthesis gas (2H2 + CO) into liquid hydrocarbons as the basic chemical feedstock. It can be found that the cobalt active sites supported on the materials with high thermal conductivity, opened structure is necessary to accelerate FTS synthesis process in the development of industry catalysts.In this work, a new hierarchical support consisting of α-Al2O3, which is homogeneously covered by a layer of carbon nanotubes, is successfully prepared to support cobalt catalyst. The supported cobalt catalysts show extremely high selectivity towards liquid hydrocarbons along with the better catalytic activity. The FTS performance obtained on this support can be further improved by coating a thin layer of TiO2 on the CNTs surface which significantly improve the cobalt dispersion and in turn,the FTS activity.The TiO2 is also successfully introduced into the matrix of β-SiC during the synthesis process which strongly interacts with cobalt active sites, leading to high dispersion of cobalt, accounting for the better activity and stability in FTS reaction. In the mean time, a highly activity Fischer-Tropsch catalyst based on single crystalline titanium dioxide coated high porosity β-SiC was also developed. The FT specific rate of 1.2 gC5+·gcat -1·h-1 and a C5+ selectivity of 86 % are obtained,which are among the highest FT performance reported up to now on cobalt noble-free catalyst .

Intermédiaire essentiel au dialogue entre théorie et vérification expérimentale, la mesure n'a de sens que si la précision des résultats est élevée. La métrologie en laboratoire s'attache à augmenter autant que possible la précision avec laquelle l'expérimentateur a accès à la valeur d'un paramètre. Le bruit quantique affectant la mesure impose une limite sur la précision maximale accessible à partir d'états quasi-classiques: la limite quantique standard (SQL). La métrologie quantique cherche à utiliser les caractéristiques propres à la mécanique quantique pour la dépasser et se rapprocher le plus possible de la limite ultime, physiquement non franchissable, appelée limite de Heisenberg. Dans ce mémoire, nous avons développé une stratégie de mesure d'un champ électromagnétique contenant moins d'un photon basée sur l'utilisation de corrélations atome-champ dans une expérience d'électrodynamique quantique en cavité. L'idée est de mesurer l'amplitude de ce petit champ en sondant la perturbation qu'il introduit sur un état intriqué atome-champ mésoscopique déjà présent dans une cavité supraconductrice. Nous avons pu démontrer que le choix de notre mesure est, en principe, optimal grâce aux outils que sont l'information de Fisher (dépendant du processus de mesure) et l'information de Fisher dite quantique (qui elle n'en dépend pas), liées à la précision sur la mesure par des inégalités de type Cramér-Rao. Expérimentalement, nous avons très largement dépassé la précision obtenue sur l'amplitude du champ électromagnétique par une mesure classique et nous nous sommes rapprochés de la limite de Heisenberg autant que les imperfections expérimentales nous le permettaient. / As an essential intermediary between theories and their experimental proofs, measurement is meaningfull if the precision of its results is high. The main emphasis of metrology in laboratories is therefore on increasing as much as possible the precision of the experimental evaluation of a parameter. Quantum noise that affects the measurement establishes a quantitative limit on the maximal precision that can be achieved with classical states: the standard quantum limit (SQL). Quantum metrology aims at using quantum features to beat this limit and to approach the physically ultimate limit called Heisenberg limit. This thesis presents a measurement strategy for an electromagnetic field containing less than one photon, which is based on the use of atom-field correlations in a cavity quantum electrodynamics experiment. The idea is to measure the amplitude of the small field by probing the disturbance caused on an entangled mesoscopic state that is already stored in the superconducting cavity. We demonstrated that our measurement strategy is in principle optimal thanks to two tools: the Fisher information (that depends on the measurement process) and the quantum Fisher information (that does not), which define the precision tanks to Cramér-Rao like equations. The measurement signal subsequently largely exceeded the level of accuracy obtained with classical states and we got as closed to the Heisenberg limit as the experimental imperfections allowed us.

Une ZEE de près de 230000 km², avec un plateau continental d’environ 39000 km², balayée par l’intense upwelling présent pratiquement toute l’année dans cette zone de l’Atlantique centre est, expliquent la richesse biologique des eaux mauritaniennes et leur potentiel élevé en ressources halieutiques, avec des espèces diversifiées et de valeur marchande élevée.Plusieurs décennies d’efforts s’appuyant sur des politiques centrées sur la conservation des ressources halieutiques et l’intégration de la pêche à l’économie nationale, ont permis au pays d’impulser le développement d’un secteur national dynamique de pêche.Le développement des institutions nationales et de la réglementation a permis d’asseoir la souveraineté de l’Etat sur la ZEE, de codifier le droit régalien de l’Etat sur les ressources halieutiques, de déterminer les mécanismes d’allocation des droits de pêche et leurs supports physiques, et d’organiser les structures chargées de la mise en œuvre des ces institutions. Avec une contribution moyenne au cours des dernières décennies, de 4-10% du PIB, de 20-30% des recettes budgétaires, les recettes en devises générées par l’exportation des produits et les redevances de pêche versées par les armements étrangers, qui constituent un soutien important au budget national, la pêche mauritanienne joue, depuis quelques décennies, un rôle clef dans la réalisation des objectifs des politiques économiques du pays.La Mauritanie a toujours été un pays habité en majorité par des nomades qui ne connaissaient pas la mer auparavant, à l’exception de la tribu Imraguen qui pratiquait la pêche traditionnelle depuis des générations. Il est aujourd’hui tourné vers la mer par nécessité et commence à se rendre compte de ses ressources aussi bien bénéfiques pour sa population que pour son développement économique. Cependant, l’avenir du secteur de la pêche sera surtout dessiné avec la mise en place des plans d’aménagement efficaces, qui vont constituer le cadre de gestion du secteur de la pêche pour les prochaines années. / An EEZ of nearly 230,000 square kilometers, with a continental shelf of about 39000 km ², swept by the intense upwelling that is present during almost the whole year in this area of the East Middle Atlantic, explain the biological richness of Mauritanian waters and their high potential in fish resources, with diverse species and high market value. Several decades of effort based on policies that focus on the conservation of fishery resources and the integration of fisheries to national economy, have enabled the country to boost the development of a dynamic national sector of fishery. The development of national institutions and the regulation has helped to underpin the State's sovereignty over the EEZ, to codify the sovereign right of the State on fisheries resources, to determine the mechanisms for allocating fishing rights and their physical media, and organize the structures responsible for the implementation of these institutions. With an average contribution over the past decades, over 4-10% of GDP, 20-30% of fiscal revenue, foreign exchange earnings generated by exports of goods and royalties paid by the fishing foreign arms, which constitute an important support to the national budget, the Mauritanian fishing plays in recent decades, a key role in achieving the objectives of economic policy of the country. Mauritania has always been a country inhabited mostly by nomads, who does not know the sea, except the tribe Imraguen who practice the traditional fishery for generations. It is now facing the sea through necessity and begins to realize its resources as beneficial for its people as its economic development. However, the future of fisheries will be especially designed with the introduction of effective management plans, which will provide the framework for management of fisheries in the coming years.