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To a student, postgraduate research is often characterised as a very emotional process, more often associated with negative emotion that may hinder successful and speedy completion of the postgraduate degree. The supervisory relationship may impact greatly on the emotion the student experiences. Emotional labour is the induction or suppression of emotion in order to sustain an outward appearance. Being bound in a professional and often subordinate relationship, the student may not be willing, or able to, outwardly display their emotions. Yet, the existence of, and experience of emotional labour on students in a postgraduate supervisory relationship have not been studied to date. The purpose of the study is to explore the meaning and existence of emotional labour within the postgraduate supervisory relationship from a student’s perspective. By using a qualitative, descriptive approach, in-depth information has been gathered by means of three focus groups. The focus groups consisted of students at different stages of the postgraduate supervisory process. The study resulted in the linking of a student’s perspective of the supervisory process to the emotional labour process. It was found that emotional labour is indeed present in the postgraduate supervisory process, but is dependent on the relationship between the supervisor and the student. Since emotional labour has limitedly been explored in the academic environment, it is believed that supervisors as well as students can benefit from this exploration in this fresh context. This linking of emotional labour to the supervisory process is only the first stage in this research and seeks only to describe the process. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

Bakgrund: Artros är en av de vanligaste muskuloskeletala sjukdomarna i västvärlden. Artrosskolan är en behandlingsmetod uppdelad i teori och praktik, som skall erbjudas alla patienter med artros. Detta för att ge patienten kunskap om sin sjukdom, smärthanteringsstrategier samt träning. Artrosskolan utvärderas i frågeformulär som registreras i Bättre omhändertagande av patienter med artros (BOA)som är ett kvalitetsregister för bättre omhändertagande av artrospatienter. Syfte: Att undersöka knä-och höftartrospatienters erfarenheter av artrosskolan, i form av upplevd kvalitet, lärdomar och upplevda effekt på besvären. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes i fokusgrupper med sammanlagt 14 deltagare. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide användes och data analyserades genom innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Analysen ledde fram tillfyrakategorier med 3-5tillhörande subkategorier. Kategorierna var Artrosskolans utformning och innehåll, Information som kunde fördjupats, Tillämpning av ny kunskap och Upplevda fysiska och psykiska effekter av artrosskolan. Konklusion: Deltagarna nämner flera positiva upplevelser, lärdomar och effekter efter genomgången artrosskola. De anser att kvaliteten är god på den artrosskola de genomgått. Även områden där patienterna önskar mer information har synliggjorts.

Bakgrund: Befolkningen i Sverige ökar och blir allt äldre och många väljer att bo kvar i sina ordinära boenden. Vård- och omsorgspersonal inom hemsjukvården har en viktig roll i att förmedla trygghet och att anpassa omvårdnaden utifrån de äldres behov så att de äldre kan bo kvar i hemmet så länge de vill. Syftet: Var att beskriva distriktssköterskans upplevelse av vad som skapar trygghet hos äldre inom hemsjukvården. Metod: Kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats användes där data samlades in med fokusgruppsintervjuer. Det var totalt tio deltagare i fokusgrupperna. Åldern var 27-65 år och de hade en arbetslivserfarenhet på 18,6 år tillsammans. Analysen som användes var kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: För att skapa trygghet var det viktigt att vara närvarande i stunden, att skapa en tillitsfull relation och att kunna tillgodose de äldres behov. Diskussion: Kommunikation och förtroende var centrala områden för att främja tryggheten hos äldre. Slutsats: För att äldre ska uppleva trygghet behöver ett förtroende skapas. Viktiga faktorer var kontinuitet bland vård- och omsorgspersonal och god kommunikation med närstående samt de yrkesgrupper som fanns kring den äldre. Detta kan medföra att äldre kan bo kvar och känna sig trygga med omvården i sina ordinära boenden. / Background: The population in Sweden is increasing and getting older and many people choose to stay in their ordinary homes. Home care and nursing staff have an important role to play in delivering security and adapting care based on the needs of the elderly so that the elderly can stay in the home for as long as they want. The Aim: Was to describe the district nurse´s experience of what creates security for the elderly in home care. Method: Qualitative design with an inductive approach was used where data were collected in focus groups interviews. There were a total of ten participants in the focus groups. The age was 27–65 years and they had a working experience of 18, 6 years together. The analysis used was qualitative content analysis. Findings: In order to create security, it was important to be present in moments, to establish a trusting relationship and to be able to meet the needs of the elderly. Discussion: Communication and trust are the key areas for promoting the safety of the elderly. Conclusion: In order for the elderly to experience security, a trust is created. Important factors was continuity among nursing staff and good communication with close relatives as well as the professional groups that exist around the elderly. This can mean that the elderly ca stay and feel safe in the care in their ordinary homes. / <p>Godkännandedatum: 2019-11-05</p>

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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur internetbaserade musiklärare konstruerar sin syn på videoundervisning. För att undersöka detta har fokusgrupper bestående av internetbaserade musiklärare använts som datainsamlingsmetod. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats och en socialkonstruktionistisk ontologisk och epistemologisk utgångspunkt, och diskurspsykologi används som teoretiskt och analytiskt perspektiv. I resultatet synliggörs tolkningsrepertoarer där olika synsätt på videoundervisning uttrycks. Dessa tolkningsrepertoarer framställs ibland som motstridiga, så som framställningarna av videoundervisning som begränsande respektive som fördelaktigt. Detsamma gäller framställningarna av videoundervisning som något för många respektive som något för få. Däremot rådde samstämmighet i tolkningsrepertoaren som framställer videoundervisning som marknadsstyrt. Resultatet diskuteras i relation till tidigare forskning om instruktionsvideor, YouTube och musiklärares syn på undervisning. / The purpose of this study is to examine how internet-based music teachers construct their views towards video lessons. To examine this, focus groups consisting of internet-based music teachers were used as a method for data collection. The study has a qualitative research approach and a social constructionist ontological and epistemological view, and discourse psychology is used as a theoretical and analytical framework. The results shed light on interpretative repertoires where different views towards video lessons are expressed. Sometimes these interpretative repertoires are described as conflicting, such as the descriptions of video lessons as limiting or as beneficial. This is also true for the descriptions of video lessons as something for a large audience or video lessons as something for a small audience. Other interpretative repertoires are unanimous, such as the description of video lessons as market driven. The results are discussed in relation to previous research on instructional videos, YouTube and music teachers' views on teaching.

Environmental education (EE) is important for environmental awareness and stewardship. Involving youth and adults in EE ensures current and future generations will conserve natural resources. This thesis explores impacts of delivery methods on participants’ environmental attitudes and behaviors toward nature through middle school classroom- and camp-based EE instruction, focus group interviews with rural minority youth, and adult responses to aquatic conservation outreach messaging. I observed no difference in environmental attitudes between online versus in-person delivery of EE lessons for middle-schoolers. Outdoor-based learning may be more impactful for EE than experiential, classroom-based learning. Focus group outcomes suggested youth EE programs should capitalize on exploratory learning that allows for independence and safety from wildlife and community violence. Arkansas anglers who reside near aquatic invasive species (AIS) are more aware of Clean, Drain, Dry (CDD) messaging despite all anglers’ likeliness to perform pro-environmental behaviors. Consistent, targeted CDD messaging could help minimize AIS spread.

This is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. The main purpose with this study is to examine the view of prostitution and sex trade among Social worker students at Malmö Högskola.Our research questions are; To which extension and consideration is the view of male and female prostitutes divided? Is the view of the male and female sex buyer different among the students? How do the students explain and understand male and female prostitution? How do the students explain and understand the male and female sex buyer? To collect data and to be able to find out the students views and thoughts about the phenomenon we used focus groups with four to six students in each group. To categorize the material we used four topics; explanation/understanding models, the individuals behind the phenomenon, love/sex and intimacy, and the society’s responsibility. We analysed the discussions and the result of the focus groups with two main perspectives. The first perspective used in this study is structuralism and the second focuses on the individual. The conclusion of this study is that prostitution is always considered as something negative and self destructive despite of the gender. The students divide both female and male sex buyers into two groups, the rich and successful and the social outcast, but there are different explanation models for female and male sex buyers.

Studiens syfte är att belysa vilka olika diskursers som kommer till uttryck när musiklärare i gymnasie- och folkhögskolan talar om fenomenet prestationsångest hos elever och hur de arbetar med det i sin undervisning. Diskurspsykologi utgör den teoretiska grunden för studien och tillämpade datainsamlingsmetoden är fokusgrupper. Två fokusgruppsamtal genomfördes där lärare från olika skolor samtalade kring ämnet prestationsångest kopplat till musikundervisning. Samtalen spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades i sökandet efter tolkningsrepertoarer. I resultatet presenteras ett antal olika tolkningsrepertoarer kring lärarnas beskrivning av sin syn på prestationsångest och sitt arbete med att förebygga och hantera prestationsångest hos sina elever. Viss motsättning framkom mellan olika tolkningsrepertoarer, exempelvis synen på prestationsångest som något som kommer inifrån och prestationsångest som något som kommer utifrån. Som metoder för att förebygga och hantera prestationsångest lyfts bland annat ett analyserande och icke-värderande språkbruk, förberedelse och mental träning. I diskussionen lyfts de mest framträdande delarna av resultat och diskuteras i relation till presenterad litteratur och tidigare forskning inom området. En slutsats som dras är att arbete med prestationsångest konstrueras som komplext men mycket angeläget. / The purpose of the study is to illuminate the different discourses that are expressed when music teachers discuss the phenomena of music performance anxiety among students, and how they address the issue in their teaching. Discourse psychology is the theoretical framework of the study and focus group interviews were used as the method for data collection. Two different focus group interviews took place, where teachers from different schools discussed the topic of performance anxiety in music education. The conversations were recorded, transcribed and analyzed in the search for interpretative repertoires. The result presents a number of different interpretative repertoires that shows how the teachers describe their views on performance anxiety and their work to prevent and manage it with their students. Some degree of conflict is shown between different interpretative repertoires such as performance anxiety as something that comes from within and performance anxiety as something that is affected by external factors. An analytical and non-evaluating language, preparation and mental training are some examples of methods to prevent and manage performance anxiety that the teachers described. The most prominent aspects of the results are discussed in relation to literature and previous research within the field. One conclusion that is made is that performance anxiety is being constructed as a complex phenomenon, but one that is really important to address.

The goal for physical education (PE) is for all young people to learn to value a physically active life. Young people enjoy PE, yet there are those who lack motivation in PE. According to previous studies there is a lack of research about the learning environment in PE and how it affects students’ motivation and sense of meaningfulness. The purpose of this study was to highlight middle school students’ perspectives and attitudes of their learning environment. Three focus groups, with students from three different classes, at the age of 15, with a mix of both girls and boys, were interviewed. By using qualitative content analysis and applying the sociocultural perspective to the result, this study shows that depending on the physical environment students experience PE as limiting or developing. The students also prefer more variation when it comes to the curriculum and that the grades are important for their motivation. The relation to classmates and teacher were also seen as important to create a safe class environment. In conclusion the students’ express that the learning environment can make a difference to how they perceive and experience PE and has a strong connection to their motivation and sense of meaningfulness.