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Les difficultés d’adaptation scolaire que peuvent développer les élèves dans une école secondaire entraînent bien souvent des conséquences. En effet, ces dernières peuvent mener au décrochage scolaire et parfois à l’adoption de comportements délinquants. L’instauration d’un suivi auprès d’élèves prend tout son sens lorsqu’il est question de difficultés d’adaptation. Ce suivi a été offert à cinq élèves présentant ces difficultés de l’école secondaire Honoré-Mercier de Montréal. Il y a deux objectifs à ce stage. Le premier vise une diminution des présences au local de retrait et le deuxième de diminuer les difficultés d’adaptation scolaire des élèves ciblés. L’atteinte de ces objectifs est considérée en fonction de données factuelles sur les présences au local de retrait, des résultats obtenus à un test standardisé, soit le Achenbach (Achenbach, 1991), mais également en fonction des perceptions des élèves et des professeurs sur le cheminement de l’élève. Les résultats illustrent que les élèves n’ont pas modifié significativement leur présence au local de retrait, que différentes problématiques définies dans le Achenbach ont été amplifiées tandis que d’autres ont été diminuées et que, finalement les élèves ont apprécié leur suivi puisque ce dernier les a amené à vivre des changements intrinsèques. Des conclusions découlent de l’analyse des résultats, soit concernant la durée des interventions et les problématiques présentes chez les élèves. Le rôle que peut assumer le criminologue dans le milieu scolaire est également abordé. Mots clés : adaptation, difficulté, scolaire, suivi, école, secondaire, adolescent / There can be many consequences when students have difficulties in adapting to the academic environment. They can lead to higher school dropout rates and to the adoption of delinquent behaviour. In the presence of adaptation difficulties, accompanying and monitoring the students is crucial. A monitoring program was offered to five Honoré-Mercier students presenting adaptation difficulties. The intervention program has two objectives. The first one is to decrease the number of classroom exclusions of those students. Another objective is to offer a place where they have the freedom to express their feelings openly. The results of the program are based on the number of classroom exclusion during the intervention. They are also measured on the results of an Achenbach test (Achenbach, 1991) and on the opinions of the students on their own progress. The results illustrate that the students did not significantly lower their number of classroom exclusion. They also show that some problems detected in the Achenbach test were amplified whereas types of problems decreased. Finally, the results show that students appreciated their follow-up because it allowed them to experience intrinsic changes. Based on these results, we can emit several hypotheses on the need to change the duration of the intervention or the problems experienced by the students. The potential contribution of a criminologist in an academic environment is also analyzed. Keywords: adaptation, difficulty, school, follow-up, secondary, teenager

Objectives. To study whether birth weight (BW) was correlated to cardiovascular risk factors, coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and prostate cancer (PCA) at adult ages, whether a possible relationship depended on mediating factors from birth time, hereditary circumstances, and adult life variables, and what importance possible associations might have for the rate of the complaint in the general population. Material and methods. Population-based cohorts of men born in 1913 and followed up until old age. Risk of outcome was estimated using Cox’s and Poisson regressions. The results were transformed to population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) of the complaint that could be attributed to low or high BW, given causality between exposure and outcome. Results. After adjustment for the influence of covariates, systolic blood pressure at age 50 decreased by 3.7 mmHg per 1000 g increase in BW, the prevalence of antihypertensive treatment decreased by 32%, diabetes by 53%, serum total cholesterol decreased by 0.20 mmol L-1, and being in top quintile of serum cholesterol decreased by 23%. The adjusted risks were somewhat more marked relative to the crude risks. CHD and CVD incidence and mortality were virtually unaffected by BW. In the general population, the risk percentage attributable to a BW ≤3000 g was 18% for diabetes, 2.5% for cholesterol, and ≤1% for antihypertensive treatment and CHD and CVD incidence and mortality. PCA incidence and mortality risk increased by 62% and 82%, respectively, among those whose BW was ≥4250 g compared with those whose BW was 3001-4249 g. The risk percentages attributable to a BW ≥4250 g in the general population for PCA incidence and mortality were 7.8% and 10.8%. Conclusions. Low BW seemed to affect cardiovascular risk factors but not incidence and mortality from CHD and CVD. A high proportion of diabetes on the community level could be attributed to low BW, while the proportional burden of other cardiovascular complaints that could be attributed to low BW was modest. PCA incidence and mortality seemed to be affected by high BW.

There is limited knowledge of cognitive outcome extending beyond 5 years after childhood traumatic brain injury, CTBI. The main objectives of this thesis were to investigate cognitive outcome at 6-14 years after CTBI, and to evaluate if advancements in the neurosurgical care, starting 1992, did influence long-term outcome and early epidemiology. An additional aim was to study the relationship between early brain injury parameters and early functional outcome. Study 1 evaluated cognitive progress during 14 years after CTBI, over three neuropsychological assessments in 8 patients with serious CTBI. Study 2 used patient records to investigate early epidemiology, received rehabilitation and medical follow up in two clinical cohorts, n=82 and n=46, treated neurosurgically for CTBI before and after 1992. An exploratory cluster analysis was applied to analyse the relation between early brain injury severity parameters and early functional outcome. In Study 3, participants in the two cohorts, n=18 and n=23, treated neurosurgically for CTBI before and after 1992, were subject to an extensive neuropsychological assessment, 13 and 6 years after injury, respectively. Assessment results of the two cohorts were compared with each other and with controls. Data were analysed with multivariate analyses of variance. Results and discussion. There were significant long-term cognitive deficits of similar magnitude and character in the two cohorts with CTBI, treated before and after the advancements in neurosurgical care. At 6-14 years after injury, long-term deficits in verbal intellectual and executive functions were found, and were discussed in terms of their late maturation and a decreased executive control over verbal memory-functions after CTBI. Visuospatial functions had a slightly better long-term recovery. The amount of rehabilitation received was equally low in both cohorts. The length of time spent in intensive care and the duration of care in the respirator may have a stronger relationship to early outcome than does a single measure of level of consciousness at admission. Main conclusions are that cognitive deficits are apparent at long-term follow up, 6-13 years after neurosurgically treated CTBI, even after advancements in the neurosurgical care in Sweden. Measures of verbal IQ, verbal memory and executive functions were especially low while visuospatial intellectual functions appear to have a better long-term recovery. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2696197 bytes, checksum: 860a4dd12cc372142fd6ab2bffcae00a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Systemic High Blood Pressure (SHBP) is considered to be one of the today s most prevalent health issues. Arterial Hypertension is estimated to affect approximately 22% of the Brazilian population over twenty years old, and it accounts for 80% of the stroke cases, 60% of the acute myocardial infarction cases and 40% of early retirements. Furthermore, it implies in a cost of R$ 475 million intended to pay 1.1 million hospitalizations a year. Therefore, a hypertensive user s follow up is of fundamental importance to guarantee treatment success. The low adherence (lack of following up) interferes negatively in the treatment outcomes of chronic diseases, thus increasing costs and representing a significant public health problem in Brazil. In such a context, this study aimed to compare systemic blood pressure levels for the period 2006-2009 from hypertensive users registered in HIPERDIA system (2006/2007) according to their follow up status, as well as to verify risk factors associated with blood pressure levels at Family Health Units in Joao Pessoa, PB. This is an observational, retrospective cohort study. The sample represented the population of hypertensives registered in the family health units and consisted of 343 users. Data were gathered between November 1st 2009 and may 31st 2011 through a questionnaire. From that sample, only 333 hypertensive users were studied (because of information losses) and divided according to their follow up status in the unit (totally monitored, totally not monitored, monitored in 2008/not monitored in 2009 and not monitored in 2008/monitored in 2009). Individual Pressure information was collected in the following moments: registration (2006 /2007), medical chart (2008) and interview (2009). Were also observed aspects concerning to sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors. It was verified that pressure averages observed in users classified as totally monitored and in users classified as monitored 2008/not monitored 2009 were lower than those for the totally not monitored group in the chart and interview moments. But, when pressure levels behavior of these groups (2006-2009) was observed, results have shown significant difference only for the totally not monitored group, however, the levels were found to be increasing throughout the time. Analysis through multiple logistic regression between pressure reduction and the variables allowed generating models to verify the characteristics which contributed to the reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the totally monitored and totally not monitored groups. The results of this study permitted assessing the quality of information found both in the HIPERDIA system and in the medical chart of hypertensive users who went to the units in order to have their health conditions taken care. Some questions were raised to aware health managers regarding decision-making on improvements in the quality of assistance provided to users of such sort of service. / A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) constitui um dos problemas de saúde de maior prevalência na atualidade. Estima-se que a hipertensão arterial atinja aproximadamente 22% da população brasileira acima de vinte anos, sendo responsável por 80% dos casos de acidente cerebrovascular, 60% dos casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio e 40% das aposentadorias precoces, além de significar um custo de 475 milhões de reais gastos com 1,1 milhões de internações por ano. Assim, o acompanhamento do paciente hipertenso é de fundamental importância para o sucesso do tratamento. A baixa adesão (não acompanhamento) interfere negativamente nos resultados dos tratamentos de doenças crônicas, com consequente aumento dos custos, e representa um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os níveis da pressão arterial sistêmica durante o período de 2006 a 2009 entre hipertensos cadastrados no sistema HIPERDIA (2006/2007) separados a partir da situação de acompanhamento, como também verificar os fatores de risco associados aos níveis de pressão em Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa - PB. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, do tipo coorte retrospectiva, com uma amostra representativa para a população de hipertensos cadastrados nas unidades de Saúde da Família de 343 pacientes, coletados durante o período de 01 de novembro de 2009 a 31 de maio de 2010, utilizando-se questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Desta amostra somente 333 hipertensos foram estudados, por questão das perdas de informações, e divididos segundo a condição de acompanhamento na unidade (totalmente acompanhado, totalmente não acompanhado, acompanhado 2008/não acompanhado 2009 e não acompanhado 2008/acompanhado 2009). Foram coletados informações pressóricas desses indivíduos nos momentos do cadastro (2006/2007), prontuário (2008) e entrevista (2009), como também, observados as informações a respeito das características sociodemográficas e fatores de risco. Como resultado mais relevante percebeu-se que as médias pressóricas observadas em pacientes classificados como totalmente acompanhados e em pacientes classificados como acompanhados 2008/ não acompanhados 2009 foram menores do que as do grupo totalmente não acompanhado nos momentos prontuário e entrevista. Mas quando observado comportamento dos níveis pressóricos desses grupos durante o tempo 2006 a 2009, os resultados mostraram que somente para o grupo totalmente não acompanhados encontrou diferença significativa, porém, mostrando aumento dos níveis com o tempo. A analise por meio da regressão logística múltipla, entre a redução da pressão com as variáveis, permitiu gerar modelos para verificar as características que contribuem para a redução da pressão sistólica e diastólica para os grupos totalmente acompanhado e totalmente não acompanhado. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram avaliar a qualidade das informações encontradas tanto no Sistema HIPERDIA, como também nas informações geradas no prontuário dos pacientes hipertensos que se dirigiram à unidade com o intuito de cuidar das suas condições de saúde. Alguns questionamentos foram levantadas para conscientizar os gestores em saúde para uma tomada de decisão no tocante à melhoria na qualidade do atendimento aos usuários deste tipo de serviço.

Internetbaserad KBT är en behandlingsform som har visat god effekt vid insomni. Vården av personer med insomni skulle dock kunna förbättras av mer kunskap om faktorer som påverkar utfall på lång sikt. Föreliggande studie hade en explorativ ansats och syftet var att identifiera faktorer som kunde predicera behandlingsutfall vid 36-månadersuppföljning (FU36). Därutöver ämnade studien undersöka hur väl data insamlad innan behandlingen kunde predicera behandlingsutfall vid FU36 i jämförelse med data insamlad både innan och efter behandling. Behandlingsutfall definierades som förändring av insomnisymtom och grad av insomnisymtom vid FU36. Totalt inkluderades 203 deltagare från två olika behandlingsstudier, vilka genomgått 9–12 veckors insomnibehandling med eller utan kombinerad depressionsbehandling. Initiala korrelationer undersökte samband mellan prediktorer och utfallsmått, därefter genomfördes regressionsanalyser med de prediktorer som visade signifikanta samband. Resultaten påvisade att det var möjligt att predicera förändring och grad av insomnisymtom vid FU36. Prediktorer från data insamlad innan och efter behandling kunde predicera behandlingsutfall bäst och förklarade 33% av den totala variansen gällande förändring av insomnisymtom tre år efter avslutad behandling. Allvarligare grad av insomni vid behandlingsstart, förändring av insomnisymtom under behandlingen, hög ålder och missnöje vid utvärderingen kunde predicera insomnisymtom tre år efter avslutad behandling. Kliniskt kan detta innebära att patienter som riskerar sämre behandlingseffekt på lång sikt kan få bättre stöd. / Internet-based CBT is a treatment-form that has proved to be effective against insomnia. Treatment of patients with insomnia could benefit from more knowledge about factors that affect long-term outcomes. The present study had an explorative design and the aim was to identify factors that could predict treatment outcomes at 36-month-follow-up (FU36). The study also made a comparison of predictive power regarding treatment outcomes between data gathered before treatment and data gathered both before and after treatment. Treatment outcomes were defined as change in insomnia symtoms and degree of insomnia symtoms at FU36. In total 203 participants were included from two different treatment studies, whom had received 9-12 weeks of insomnia treatment with or without combined treatment for depression. Initial correlations explored relationships between predictors and outcome measures, thereafter multiple regression analyses were done with the predictors that showed significant relationships. The results showed that it was possible to predict change and degree of insomnia symtoms at FU36. Predictors taken from data gathered before and after treatment had the most predictive power and explained 33% of the total variance of the change of insomnia symtoms at FU36. More insomnia symtoms at the beginning of treatment, change of insomnia symtoms during treatment, high age and a dissatisfaction of treatment were factors that were able to predict insomnia symtoms at FU36. / ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01663844 New Clinical Applications for Internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia and Depression

Kandidatuppsats 15 hp, Civilekonomprogrammet, controller fördjupningen, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet i Växjö. Titel: Hållbarhet – en integrationsfråga Kurs: 2FE24E Ämne: Ämnesfördjupande arbete, ekonomistyrning Författare: Elin Jönsson, Erik Krantz, Philip Lordh Handledare: Karin Jonnergård Bakgrund: Skogsbranschen upplever idag stort tryck gällande hållbarhetsarbetet och hållbarhet ligger i fokus i dagens samhälle. För att företag ska lyckas med sitt hållbarhetsarbete krävs det en anpassning i den interna styrning och att hållbarhet involveras i företags prestationsmätning. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera och jämföra utformning, förmedling och uppföljning av mål och mått, samt undersöka vilka motiv som ligger bakom valet att arbeta med hållbarhet. Metod: Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsdesign och ett iterativt tillvägagångssätt. Flerfallstudier har använts och det empiriska materialet är insamlat genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med relevanta personer på de företag i skogsbranschen som vår studie berör. Den teoretiska referensramen är insamlad utifrån böcker och vetenskapliga artiklar. Vidare ligger en analysmodell till grund för den analys som gjorts. Slutsats: Den slutsats som kan dras är att företag inom skogsbranschen integrerar mål och mått med hänsyn till hållbarhet i sin interna styrning genom sin styrmiljö, riskbedömning, kontrollaktiviteter, informationsförmedling och uppföljning. De har ett väl utvecklat hållbarhetsarbete och där integreringen av hållbarhet i den interna styrningen är framgångsrik på flera punkter. Nyckelord: Skogsbranschen, hållbarhet, intern styrning, prestationsmätning, externa motiv, interna motiv, informationsförmedling, uppföljning. / Bachelor Thesis 15 hp, Program of Master of Science in Business and Economics, School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University in Växjö. Title: Sustainability – a question of integration Course code: 2FE24E Subject: Subject Profounding Work, Management Accounting Authors: Elin Jönsson, Erik Krantz, Philip Lordh Advisor: Karin Jonnergård Background: The forest industry is currently experiencing great pressure on their sustainability work and sustainability is a hot topic in today’s society. In order for companies to succeed in their sustainability efforts, there has to be an adjustment in their internal management and that sustainability is involved in companies performance measurements. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the design, instrumentality and follow-up of goals and measurements, as well as investigate the motives behind the choice of working with sustainability. Method: The study is based on a qualitative research design and an iterative approach. Multivariate studies have been used and the empirical material is collected through semi- structured interviews with relevant individuals in the forest industry. The theoretical frame of references is collected from literature and scientific articles. Furthermore, an analysis model forms the basis for the written analysis. Conclusion: The conclusion is that companies within the forest industry integrate goals and measurements with regard to sustainability in their internal management through their management environment, risk assessment, control activities, instrumentality and follow-up. They have a well-developed sustainability work and the integration of sustainability in the internal management is successful in several areas. Keywords: Forest industry, sustainability, internal management, performance measurements, internal motives, external motives, instrumentality, follow-up.