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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

Avaliação de impacto ambiental de projetos de mineração no Estado de São Paulo: a etapa de acompanhamento. / Environmental impact assessment of mining projects: the follow-up phase.

Elvira Gabriela Ciacco da Silva Dias 16 March 2001 (has links)
Desde a regulamentação dos procedimentos de avaliação de impacto ambiental (AIA), em meados dos anos oitenta, numerosos projetos de mineração foram avaliados, aprovados e licenciados no Estado de São Paulo, consumindo grande parte dos escassos recursos humanos e materiais disponíveis para análise técnica de estudos ambientais. Pouco se sabe, no entanto, sobre os resultados efetivamente alcançados com a aplicação do novo instrumento de gestão ambiental. Esta pesquisa teve como propósito geral avaliar a eficácia da aplicação dos procedimentos de AIA aos projetos de mineração no Estado de São Paulo. O foco principal da análise foi a etapa de acompanhamento, ou mais precisamente, a atuação dos órgãos governamentais no sentido de garantir a correta implementação do projeto, bem como do programa de gerenciamento ambiental definido no processo de AIA como condicionante à outorga da licença. Analisaram-se em profundidade seis casos escolhidos entre os estudos de impacto ambiental aprovados no Estado no período compreendido entre os anos de 1987 e 1997. Em cada caso estudado, examinaram-se todos os documentos e registros administrativos disponíveis nos principais órgãos de governo que participam do processo de AIA. Esta tarefa objetivou principalmente (1) obter dados sobre cada projeto; (2) pesquisar todas as medidas mitigadoras e outras medidas de gerenciamento ambiental propostas e incorporadas aos termos e condições de aprovação do projeto; e (3) verificar as ações de controle executadas após a aprovação do projeto. Complementarmente, visitaram-se as minas para observação das condições de implementação dos projetos e das medidas de gerenciamento ambiental. Os resultados do estudo confirmaram largamente suas hipóteses iniciais de que a implementação dos projetos é falha e compromete severamente o processo. Concluiu-se, ainda, que esta situação decorre não somente das deficiências dos órgãos fiscalizadores, incapazes de garantir o cumprimento dos termos e condições estabelecidos na aprovação do estudo de impacto ambiental, mas de uma cadeia de imperfeições que atinge praticamente todas as atividades do processo de AIA. Para superar as deficiências da etapa de acompanhamento, propõem-se, portanto, intervenções nas várias etapas do processo, que deve ser aprimorado e fortalecido, sob pena de transformar-se um poderoso instrumento de gestão como a avaliação de impacto ambiental em apenas mais um obstáculo em meio às já enormes dificuldades burocráticas impostas para a regularização de empreendimentos de mineração. / Since procedures of environmental impact assessment (EIA) were regulated in Brazil, in the mid eighties, numerous mining projects have been assessed, approved and granted environmental permits in the State of São Paulo, draining a great part of the scarce human and material resources available for reviewing environmental studies. Notwithstanding, there are few data concerning the actual results achieved by this new environmental management tool. This research aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the EIA procedures applied to mining projects in the State of São Paulo. The analysis focused mainly on the follow-up phase, or more precisely, on the government branches’ performance in enforcing the proper implementation of terms and conditions of project approval. The study examined in full detail six cases selected among the environmental impact studies approved in the State of São Paulo between 1987 and 1997. In each case studied, all the documents and administrative records of relevant government organisms that take part in the EIA process have been reviewed. This task aimed mainly at (1) obtaining data on each project, (2) surveying all mitigation and other management measures proposed and incorporated into the terms and conditions of project approval and (3) checking the control actions performed after project approval. Additionally, site visits were carried out in order to check the implementation of the project and the environmental management measures. The study widely confirmed its initial hypothesis that the implementation of mining projects is actually faulty, severely harming the whole process. The research also showed that this situation is not uniquely due to the weak performance of the surveillance agency, which is not able to enforce the terms and conditions of project approval, but also because of several imperfections that pervade most of the EIA process activities. To overcome the deficiencies in the follow-up phase, changes are proposed in several steps of the process, which should be improved and strengthened. If not, a powerful management tool as the environmental impact assessment is endangered to be transformed in just one more obstacle among the already enormous bureaucratic hindrances imposed to mining projects regularization.
332

Acompanhamento de práticas pedagógicas no ensino de língua portuguesa na Coordenadoria Distrital de Educação 7

Santos, Honorina Peixoto dos 22 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-15T15:56:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 honorinapeixotodossantos.pdf: 3174027 bytes, checksum: ecc698ce202f834ddb00d924ff7b00f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T14:54:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 honorinapeixotodossantos.pdf: 3174027 bytes, checksum: ecc698ce202f834ddb00d924ff7b00f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T14:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 honorinapeixotodossantos.pdf: 3174027 bytes, checksum: ecc698ce202f834ddb00d924ff7b00f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-22 / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo reconhecer os principais desafios enfrentados pela Coordenadoria Adjunta Pedagógica do Ensino Médio do Estado do Amazonas no acompanhamento de práticas pedagógicas no ensino de língua portuguesa, com o intuito de propor ações que proporcionem a sua melhoria. Assim, este estudo de caso tem como tema o Acompanhamento de práticas pedagógicas no ensino de língua portuguesa na Coordenadoria Distrital de Educação 7. Para maior entendimento do caso, realizou-se uma descrição da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Estado do Amazonas, bem como da Coordenadoria Distrital 7, perpassando pelo trabalho do supervisor pedagógico, além da apresentação das práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas em três escolas estaduais, sendo elas: Centro Educacional Arthur Virgílio Filho, Escola Estadual Professor Samuel Benchimol, Escola Estadual Professor Ruy Alencar. Buscou-se analisar a atuação do supervisor, em relação às práticas pedagógicas das referidas escolas. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso com a pesquisa qualitativa, dando-se preferência ao instrumento entrevista semiestruturada, sendo o público alvo formado por gestores, pedagogos, apoios pedagógicos, professores e supervisores da CDE7 que atuam no ensino médio. Os teóricos que subsidiaram a análise foram Domingues (2014), Freire (2016), Kleiman (2014), Paradela (2016), Prazeres (2016), Soares (2004), entre outros que tratam sobre a temática. Como resultado, constatou-se que o acompanhamento realizado pelo supervisor pedagógico às práticas pedagógicas precisa acontecer com mais frequência, de forma que corrobore para um ensino aprendizagem significativo. Além disso, foi possível perceber que as práticas são propícias para a interdisciplinaridade. Ademais, também foi possível pontuar que é necessária a formação do supervisor, para melhor acompanhamento às práticas e às equipes gestoras, além da elaboração de um documento, a nível macro, que normatize o trabalho do supervisor se faz evidente. Ao final da pesquisa, construiu-se um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) com sugestões de seis ações que viabilizem o acompanhamento do supervisor às práticas pedagógicas nas escolas de ensino médio da Coordenadoria Distrital de Educação 7 e também que proporcionem maior integração entre escola e família. / The present dissertation aims to recognize the main challenges faced by the Pedagogical Adjunct Coordination of the school of the state of Amazonas in the accompaniment of pedagogical practices in Portuguese language teaching monitoring in order to propose actions that provide improvements. Thus, this case study has the subject Accompaniment of pedagogical practices in the teaching of the Portuguese language at the District Coordination of Education 7. For more understanding of the case, a description of the State Secretariat of Education of the Amazonas state, as well as the District Coordination Office 7, passed through the work of the pedagogic supervisor, in addition to the presentation of pedagogical practices developed in three State schools, what are: Educational Center Arthur Virgilio Filho, State school Samuel Benchimol, State school Ruy Alencar. It was seeking to analyze the supervisor's performance to the pedagogical practices of the aforementioned schools. The methodology used in this the case study with qualitative research, giving preference to the semi-structured interview instrument, being the target audience: managers, educators, pedagogical support, teachers and supervisors of CDE7 that act in high school. The theorists who subsidized the analysis were Domingues (2014), Freire (2016), Kleiman (2014), Paradela (2016), Prazeres (2016) and Soares (2004), among others who deal on the thematic. As a result, it was verified that the monitoring, done by the pedagogical supervisor to the pedagogical practices, needs to happen more frequently, which corroborates for a significant learning teaching. In addition, it was possible to perceive that the practices are conducive to interdisciplinarity. It was also possible to point out that it is necessary to train the supervisor to better follow the practices and the management teams. Besides, it is also important an elaboration of a macro level document that regulates the supervisor’s work. At the end of the survey, an educational actions plan (EAP) was constructed. In it, there were six actions suggestions. This EAP enables the supervisor to follow the pedagogical practices in the secondary schools of the District Education Coordination 7 and also to provide greater integration between school and family.
333

Fysisk aktivitet på recept : En kartläggning av sjuksköterskors förskrivning

Pfeiffer, Marie, Uusitalo, Emilia January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet orsakar förtida dödsfall, sjukdomsbörda och sänkt livskvalitet. Uppskattningsvis uppfyller inte hälften av Sveriges befolkning riktlinjerna för fysisk aktivitet och detta kommer få konsekvenser för folkhälsan. Fysisk aktivitet på recept (FaR) är ett evidensbaserat och effektivt verktyg. Det är samtidigt en kostnadseffektiv behandlingsmetod som enkelt kan anpassas efter de individuella behov som föreligger. Dock tenderar användningen av FaR att vara låg bland vårdpersonal. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga sjuksköterskors förskrivning samt uppföljning av fysisk aktivitet på recept på vårdcentraler. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en icke-experimentell, deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. En webbenkät skickades ut till 69 sjuksköterskor som arbetar på vårdcentraler, varav 34 inkluderades i studien. För att jämföra skillnader mellan grupper användes Mann Whitney U-test. Statistiken analyserades i programmet SPSS statistics. Resultat: Användningen av FaR var generellt låg bland sjuksköterskorna, 32,4 % uppgav att de aldrig hade förskrivit FaR och endast 5,9 % svarade att de förskrev FaR några gånger i veckan. De sjuksköterskor som saknade en utbildning i FaR utgjorde majoriteten, 90,9 %, av alla svarsdeltagare som angett att de aldrig förskrivit ett recept på fysisk aktivitet. En signifikant skillnad (p < 0,001) mellan de som hade FaR-utbildning och de som saknade utbildning, kunde ses i förskrivning men inte när det kom till uppföljning av FaR. Slutsats: Studien belyser hur FaR tenderar att användas av sjuksköterskor på vårdcentraler och till vilken utsträckning det utförs en särskild uppföljning av receptet. Resultatet indikerar att förskrivningen av FaR tenderar att vara låg och att utbildning i FaR tycks spela en signifikant roll för sjuksköterskors förskrivning. Mer forskning på en större population behövs för att kunna dra några mer generella slutsatser angående detta. / Background: Inadequate physical activity is causing early death, disease burden and lowering quality of life. Half of Sweden's population is estimated not to meet the recommendations for physical activity and this will have an impact on public health. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an efficient tool with scientific evidence. The method is cost effective and can easily be customized and prescribed according to the individual needs that exists. Though the use of PAP among health professionals tend to be low. Aim: The aim of this study is to map nurse's prescription and follow up of physical activity on prescriptions at health centers. Method: The study was conducted as a non-experimental, quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. A websurvey was sent to 69 nurses working at health centers, 36 of whom were included in the study. Mann Whitney U-test was conducted to compare differences between groups. The statistics were analyzed using the SPSS statistics program. Results: The use of PAP was generally low among nurses, 32.4% reported that they had never prescribed PAP and only 5.9% responded that they prescribed PAP a few times a week. Nurses who lacked education in PAP represented the majority, 90.9%, of all respondents who stated that they never prescribed a prescription for physical activity. A significant difference (p < 0.001) between those who had an education in PaP and those who lacked education could be seen in prescription but not when it came to follow-up of PAP. Conclusion: The study shows how PAP tend to be used among nurses at health centers and to what extent a follow-up of the prescription is done. The results indicate that the prescription of PAP tend to be low and that education in PAP seems to play a significant role in nurse’s prescription. More research on a greater population is needed to draw any general conclusions about this.
334

Představy vybraných žáků základní umělecké školy o zdravém životním stylu: studie po dvou letech / Ideas of selected students of elementary art school about healthy lifestyle: two-year follow up study

Mach, Petr January 2015 (has links)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Katedra pedagogiky DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE PŘEDSTAVY VYBRANÝCH ŽÁKŮ ZÁKLADNÍ UMĚLECKÉ ŠKOLY O ZDRAVÉM ŽIVOTNÍM STYLU: STUDIE PO DVOU LETECH IDEAS OF SELECTED STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY ART SCHOOL ABOUT HEALTHY LIFESTYLE: TWO-YEAR FOLLOW UP STUDY Bc. Petr Mach Vedoucí diplomové práce: PhDr. Michal Zvírotský, Ph.D. Studijní program: Učitelství pro střední školy Studijní obor: Učitelství všeobecně vzdělávacích předmětů pro základní školy a střední školy - pedagogika - výchova ke zdraví Praha 2015 Abstract Ideas of Selected Students of Elementary Art School about Healthy Lifestyle: Two-year Follow up Study Diploma thesis "Ideas of selected students of elementary art school about healthy lifestyle: two-year follow up study" builds on the bachelor work of the author. The theoretical part tries to capture the essence of a healthy lifestyle in a holistic context and mentions some of its important factors. This part also offers a historical insight for a better idea of their connections and interrelations. It describes the field of Health Education in the National Curriculum for secondary education, gives examples of school education program in the specialization and minimum prevention program. The practical part tries to show healthy lifestyle imaginations of the students in the...
335

Bedömningsstöd i matematik - vad händer sedan? : Lärares beskrivningar av analys, uppföljning och fortsatt undervisning. / Assessment support in mathematics - what happens then? : Teacher's descriptions of analysis, follow up and continued teaching

Johansson, Isabell, Karlsson, Ulrika January 2017 (has links)
Studien handlar om hur lärare analyserar, följer upp samt vilka åtgärder som sätts in på individ-, grupp- och organisationsnivå efter att Skolverkets obligatoriska bedömnings-stöd i matematik i årskurs 1-3 genomförts. Fokus har lagts på elever med särskilda utbildningsbehov i matematik (SUM-elever).   Vi valde att genomföra en enkätundersökning som förstudie samt nio intervjuer med lärare i två kommuner. För att få kunskap om hur lärare beskrev och uppfattade just analys, åtgärder och uppföljning använde vi oss av en fenomenografisk teori och analysmodell. Fenomenografin syftar till att lyfta fram upplevelser och uppfattningar av ett fenomen. I vår studie är det fenomen som analys, uppföljning och fortsatt undervisning som lyfts fram. Resultatet från studien visar att lärare anser att analysen är viktig och att de formar åtgärder och uppföljning utifrån denna. Det framkommer synpunkter på att det brister i hur analysen organiseras utifrån ett skolperspektiv. Uppföljning beskrivs ske genom olika aktiviteter på individ- och gruppnivå i klassrummet men även i form av utökad specialundervisning. Uppföljning beskrivs också ske genom att resultat delges specialpedagog. Åtgärder beskrivs både på individ- och gruppnivå. Lärarna individanpassar uppgifter, repeterar metoder och centralt innehåll på både individ- och gruppnivå och viss specialundervisning genomförs också med enskilda elever. Flera lärare uttrycker en önskan om utökat samarbete med speciallärare i matematik eller en kollega med matematik-utbildning. Den fortsatta undervisningen för SUM-elever beskrivs ske på både individ- och gruppnivå men fokus ligger på elever som riskerar att inte nå kunskapskraven. Elever som har kommit långt i sin kunskapsutveckling får av tids- och resursbrist inte lika mycket stöd. / This study is about how teachers analyze, follow up and what actions are taken at individual-, group- and organizational levels after the National Agency for Education´s assessment support in mathematics in grades 1-3 has been implemented. Focus has been placed on students with special educational needs in mathematics (SEM-students). We have chose to conduct a survey as a preliminary study and nine interviews with teachers in two municipalities. To gain knowledge about how teachers described and perceived analysis, actions and follow up we used a phenomenografic theory and analysis model. The intention with phenomenography is to highlight the experiences and perceptions of a phenomenon. In our study there are phenomena such as analysis, follow-up and continued teaching that is highlighted.   The results of the study show that teachers believe that the analysis is important and they plan actions and follow-up based on this. It appears that it files in how the analysis is organized based on a school perspective. Follow-up is described through various activities at individual- and group level in the classroom, but also in the form of extended special education. Follow-up is also described by sending results to a special pedagogue. Measures are described both at individual- and group level. Teachers customize tasks, repeat methods and central content at both individual- and group level and some special education is also conducted with individual students. Several teachers express the wish for increased cooperation with special teachers in mathematics or a colleague with mathematics. The continuing teaching for SEM-students is described at both individual- and group level, but the focus is on students who have difficulty meeting the knowledge requirements. Pupils who have come a long way in their knowledge development do not receive much support because of time- and resource shortages.
336

Health Literacy, Care Transition and Adherence with Discharge Instructions of Patients Discharged to Home from the Emergency Department

Mangolds, Virginia B. 18 June 2018 (has links)
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between health literacy, preparedness for discharge, adherence to discharge instructions and difficulty coping after discharge among emergency department patients. Specific Aims: The Aims of this study were to: (1) describe the variability of health literacy of adult patients in an academic tertiary Emergency Department; (2) describe the relationship between health literacy, care transition, and perceived readiness for discharge on the patient’s adherence to discharge instructions and (3) explore whether health literacy, perceived preparation for discharge and care transition, predicts difficulty coping after discharge. Framework: Dr. Meleis’s Transitions Theory was used as a framework. Design: This is a prospective cohort study of adults treated and discharged from the ED. Results: Eighty five percent of the subjects completed the study (n = 132). Subjects satisfied with transition care (P = .025) and who felt more prepared for discharge (P = .035) had less difficulty coping. Subjects more satisfied with care transition were more likely to adhere to medication instructions (P = .029). The higher the satisfaction with discharge preparation, the less likely the subjects were to go to their follow-up appointment (P = 0.051). No associations were found with health literacy. Conclusion: Satisfaction with care transition during the discharge process and feeling well-prepared are related to less difficulty coping after discharge. Nurses have an opportunity to intervene and enhance the discharge experience. This may contribute to more positive outcomes after being seen in an emergency department.
337

Ablação por radiofreqüência da fibrilação atrial paroxística: fatores determinantes da eficácia clínica a longo prazo / Radiofrequency catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: decisive factors of the clinical efficacy in long-term.

Raul José Pádua Sartini 30 May 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar retrospectivamente, em longo-prazo, os preditores de recorrência de fibrilação atrial paroxística (FA) em 139 pacientes submetidos à ablação por radiofreqüência, através das técnicas ostial ou extraostial de abordagem do átrio esquerdo, associadas ou não à ablação do istmo cavo-tricuspídeo (ICT). Variáveis pré, intra e pós-ablação foram avaliadas por análise uni e multivariada, para determinar os preditores de recorrência da FA após um procedimento. Observou-se que maior tempo de história de FA, uso de mais antiarrítmicos e recorrência de FA dentro de 60 dias pós-procedimento, aumentaram o risco de recorrência de FA a longo-prazo. Por outro lado, a associação de flutter atrial e a ablação concomitante do ICT, reduziram o risco de recorrência ao final de 33 ±12 meses. / The objective of this study was to evaluate in retrospect, in long-term, the predictors of late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in 139 patients submitted to the ablation by radiofrequency, through the techniques ostial or extra-ostial of approach of the atrium left, associated or not to the ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus(ICT). Variables pre, intra and post-ablation were appraised for analysis uni and multivariated, to determine the predictors of recurrence of AF after one procedure. It was observed that larger time of history of AF, use of more drugs and recurrence of AF within 60 days after procedure; they increased the risk of recurrence of AF in long-term. On the other hand, the association of atrial flutter and the concomitant ablation of ICT, they reduced the recurrence risk at the end of 33 ±12 months.
338

Basala handhygienrutiner - på en medicinsk akutvårdsavdelning : - En kvantitativ empirisk långtidsuppföljning / Basic hand hygiene routines – in a medical emergency care department : - A quantitative long-term empirical follow-up

Edman, Jenny, Faust, Josefin January 2020 (has links)
Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Förutsättningarna för god och säker vård är att basala hygienrutinerna följs inom vården. Genom tillämpning av god handhygien motverkas smittspridning och vårdrelaterade infektioner. Vårdskador kan medföra att vårdtiden ökar och orsaka lidande för patienten och är därför ett hot mot säker vård. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vårdpersonalens följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner, på en medicinsk akutvårdsavdelning med fokus på handhygien. Metod: En kvantitativ registerstudie med långtidsuppföljning har utförts. Datamaterialet var hämtat från registret för Mätning och Analys (MOA). Observationerna insamlades av hygienobservatörer på en medicinsk akutvårdsavdelning i södra Sverige år 2013 – 2018. Data importerades över till statistikprogrammet SPSS. Deskriptiv och analytisk statistik har använts för analys.  Resultat: Vid analys framkom (n=491) det att följsamheten till handhygienen har brister, undersköterskor visar på högst följsamhet. Handsprit efter patientkontakt var det momentet som visade högst följsamhet. Det finns brister i handhygienen över tid då följsamheten inte var hundraprocentig under samtliga år. Slutsats: Följsamheten till handhygienen påverkas av många faktorer. God och säker vård är beroende av att vårdpersonal har kunskap om handhygien och smittspridning. För att vårdpersonal ska förbättra det preventiva arbetet mot säkrare vård är det vårdgivaren som ska medverka till ny kunskap. Medarbetare har ansvaret för att upprätthålla och följa den kunskapen. / Summary Backgorund: The preconditions for good and safe care is that the basic hygiene routines are followed within the care. The application of good hand hygiene prevents the spread of infection and health-related infections. Care injuries can increase the length of care and cause suffering for the patient and are therefore a threat to safe care. Aim: To investigate the compliance of healthcare professionals to basic hygiene routines, in a medical emergency care department with a focus on hand hygiene. Method: A quantitative registry study with long-term follow-up has been performed. The data material was retrieved from the register for Measurement and Analysis (MOA). The observations were collected by hygiene observers at a medical emergency department in southern Sweden in 2013 - 2018. Data was imported into the statistical program SPSS. Descriptive and analytical statistics have been used for analysis. Results: In the analysis (n=491) it was found that the adherence to the hand hygiene has shortcomings, the assistant nurses show the highest adherence. Hand rub after patient contact was the element that showed the highest level of compliance. There are shortcomings in hand hygiene overtime as compliance was not hundred percent during all years. Conclusion: Adherence to hand hygiene is influenced by many factors. Good and safe care is dependent on the fact that healthcare professionals have knowledge of hand hygiene and the spread of infection. In order for healthcare professionals to improve preventive work towards safer care, the healthcare provider must contribute to new knowledge. Employees are responsible for maintaining and following that knowledge.
339

Emergency department use : role of medical home, impact of state Medicaid dental policy and continuity of care

Singhal, Astha 01 May 2015 (has links)
Avoidable use of the Emergency Departments (EDs) constitutes a significant public health problem, which has health, economic and ethical implications. The factors that affect avoidable use of the EDs are complex and poorly understood. The goal of this dissertation was to examine the role of medical home in avoidable pediatric ED visits, assess the impact of Medicaid policy on ED visits for dental problems and assess the factors affecting follow-up dental care after a dental ED visit. Iowa Household Health Survey data was used for the first study, which included a sample of families with at least one child residing in Iowa. It was found that 68% of parents who took their child to an ED in the previous year thought the ED visit could have been avoided if primary care was available to them. Having a medical home was not found to be associated with pediatric ED visits; however, food insecurity was significantly associated. Parents of children with public insurance, those who were not referred by a healthcare provider and those who reported difficulty in getting routine care appointments were more likely to report an avoidable ED visit by their child. The second study examined a policy change in California where Medicaid eliminated its comprehensive adult dental coverage on July 1, 2009. State Emergency Department Database were obtained from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality for California for 2006 through 2011. Interrupted time series, a quasi-experimental approach of was used to examine the impact of the policy change on rate of dental ED visits by Medicaid enrolled adults. Segmented linear regression revealed that policy change led to an immediate significant increase in the rate of dental ED visits. The policy had a differential impact on various subgroups based on age, race-ethnicity and residential location. The annual costs associated with dental ED visits made by Medicaid adults also increase 68%. Survival analytic approach was used in the final study to examine the patterns of dental care following a dental ED visit by Medicaid enrolled adults in Iowa. Medicaid claims and enrollment data were used to identify adults with an index dental ED visit in 2011, and then each subject was followed for up to 6 months. About 52% of all adults who satisfied the study inclusion criteria, had a follow up dental visit within 6 months of the index dental ED visit. Cox regression model revealed that adults who had visited a dentist in the year prior to the ED visit had greater hazards of having an early dental follow up after the ED visit. Having repeated dental ED visits was found to have a dose-response relationship to follow-up time to dentist visit, with those having 1 repeat ED visit having 53% hazards and those with 2 or more repeat ED visits having 34% hazards of having a follow-up dentist visit, compared to those with no repeat ED visits. Collectively, the results from this dissertation provide important insights in understanding the complex problem of avoidable ED visits. Factors such as food insecurity and medical home need to be further investigated in their association with avoidable ED visits. State Medicaid policy plays an important role and limiting Medicaid adult dental coverage may lead to an increased reliance of the affected population on EDs for dental care. However, EDs do not provide any definitive dental care, and our results indicate that almost half of the adults with dental ED visit do not have a follow-up dentist visit in the next 6 months.
340

Predictors of lost to follow up among patients with ischemic retinopathies: a retrospective cohort study

Swartz, Sinjin Charles 29 November 2020 (has links)
PURPOSE: Retinal and choroidal ischemic retinopathies such as retinal-vein occlusion (RVO), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are ocular diseases caused by abnormal changes in the microvasculature. The ischemia can lead to macular edema or neovascularization, which can affect vision. Intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) can help to reduce macular edema and improve visual acuity. Lost to follow-up (LTFU) after anti-VEGF injections increases the risk of vision loss in patients with RVO, DR, and AMD. METHODS: Patients scheduled for an IVI of anti-VEGF between September 2009 and September 2019 with either RVO, DR, or AMD were included in the analysis. LTFU was defined as missing an appointment without another evaluation for at least one interval exceeding 180 days. All patients were seen by a single provider at an urban, hospital-based, single-site retina practice in Boston, MA. RESULTS: Among the 698 patients (mean [SD] age, 70.23 [14.2] years; 373 [53.4%] female) identified as receiving an IVI, 121 (17.3%) were LTFU. Age was not found to be statistically different between the LTFU and not LTFU groups (mean difference, -1.67; 95% CI, -4.66¬–1.32; P=.27). Odds of LTFU was lower among patients with AMD (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92; P=.02). Odds of LTFU was greater among patients with Medicaid insurance (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.22-4.33; P=.01), compared with patients with Medicare insurance. A trend towards higher risk of LTFU was seen in patients with DR (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.94-2.15; P=.09) and a toward lower risk in patients with two or more eye diseases (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.24-1.15; P=.10). Medicaid insurance was the only significant (P=.02) independent risk factor of LTFU in the multivariate regression. CONCLUSION: We found a high rate of LTFU after anti-VEGF injections among patients with RVO, DR, AMD, and identified risk and protective factors associated with LTFU among this population. Although our results may not be generalizable, data on LTFU in a clinical practice setting are needed to understand the scope of the problem so that interventions may be designed to improve outcomes.

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