Darbo tikslas – ištirti užsieniečių, studijuojančių Vilniaus pedagoginiame universitete, įvaizdį lietuvių studentų akimis. Darbe tirsime VPU akademinio jaunimo požiūrį bei susiformavusius stereotipus atvykstančių studijuoti į Lietuvą užsieniečių atžvilgiu. Tyrimo hipotezės 1. VPU studentai turi mažai informacijos apie jų aukštojoje mokykloje studijuojančius užsieniečius bei mažai su jais bendrauja. 2. VPU studentai labiau teigiamus etninių savybių stereotipus yra susikūrę tų tautų atžvilgiu, su kuriomis yra mažiausias kultūrinis distancionalumas. Ir priešingai – labiau neigiamus stereotipus yra susikūrę tų tautų atžvilgiu, su kuriomis yra didžiausias kultūrinis distancionalumas. 3. Pagrindiniai veiksniai, formuojantys studentų vienokius ar kitokius stereotipus skirtingų tautų ir kultūrų atstovų atžvilgiu yra netiesioginiai (t.y. žiniasklaida, visuomenėje paplitę stereotipai). Darbo metodai: dokumentų analizė, anketinė apklausa Tyrimo koncepcija Teorinis šio magistro darbo modelis paremtas koncepcijomis, susijusiomis su stereotipų formavimusi tarpkultūrinėje komunikacijoje. Socialinio tikrovės konstravimo požiūriu (P. Berger, Th. Luckmann) kasdiename gyvenime glūdi tipizacijos schemos, kurios padeda suprasti kitus ir su jais „turėti reikalų“ akistatos situacijoje. Tai verčia manyti, jog egzistuoja savybės (teigiamos ir neigiamos), kurios itin būdingos tam tikros tautos (kultūros) atstovams. Tų savybių „rinkiniai“, kurie ilgainiui susiformuoja visuomenės sąmonėje, sudaro... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective of the Thesis is to analyse the image of foreigners studying in Vilnius Pedagogical University in the eyes of Lithuanian students. The work will encompass a survey of VPU’s academic youth and stereotypes prevailing with regard to foreigners who come to study in Lithuania. Hypotheses of the Thesis 1. Students of VPU have little information on foreigners studying in their higher school and hardly socialize with them. 2. Key factors determining formation of certain stereotypes of representatives of different nations and cultures among students are indirect ones (mass media, stereotypes prevailing in the society). 3. Students of VPU have developed more positive stereotypes with regard to the nations of the least cultural distance; and on the contrary –more negative stereotypes with regard to the nations of the highest cultural distance Methods of the Research: analysis of documents, questionnaire interview. Concept of the Research Theoretical model of the present master thesis is based on concepts related to formation of stereotypes in multicultural communication. From the construction of social reality point of view (P. Berger, Th. Luckmann), schemes of typisation lie in everyday life, which help us understand others and “deal with them” in the confrontation situation. This makes us think that certain qualities (both positive and negative) characteristic to representatives of a certain nation (culture) exist. “Sets” of such qualities that over time establish in the... [to full text]

SANTRAUKA Kiekviena valstybės, tame tarpe ir Lietuvos Respublika, yra suinteresuota reguliuoti užsieniečių darbą savo teritorijoje, siekiant, visų pirma, apsaugoti savo vidinę darbo rinką, iš kitos pusės, pripažįstant užsieniečių teisę į darbą ir vykdant prisiimtus pagal tarptautinius teisės aktus įsipareigojimus, garantuoti galimybę dirbti jos teritorijoje bei užtikrinti tinkamas darbo sąlygas. Atsižvelgiant į aktualijas, pastaruoju metu įvyko ne mažai reikšmingų pasikeitimų, įtvirtinant diferencijuotą užsieniečių darbo teisinį reguliavimą. Šiame darbe yra pateikiama sisteminė užsieniečių iš Europos Sąjungos ir trečiųjų valstybių įdarbinimo ir darbo Lietuvoje teisinio reguliavimo analizė. Buvo stengiamasi išryškinti darbo sutarties su užsieniečiu sudarymo, vykdymo ir nutraukimo teisinio reguliavimo specifiką. Darbe yra nagrinėjamas ne tik įsidarbinusių pagal darbo sutartį Lietuvoje, bet ir atsiųstų laikinai dirbti į Lietuvos teritoriją darbuotojų darbo teisinis reguliavimas, siekiant atkreipti dėmesį į komandiruojamų darbuotojų darbo Lietuvoje reguliavimo ypatumus, privalumus ir trūkumus. Atliekant tyrimą, buvo analizuojami galiojantys ir planuojami priimti Lietuvos Respublikos ir Bendrijos teisės aktai, dėstomos teisės mokslo atstovų nuomonės, išryškinami probleminiai užsieniečių darbo teisinio reguliavimo klausimai bei pateikiami galimi jų sprendimo būdai. / SUMMARY Every State, including Lithuania, is concerned with the legal regulation of work of foreigners, first of all, in order to protect its inner labour market, on the other hand, to guarantee an opportunity to work on its territory and proper conditions of work, while recognizing the right to work and carrying out of the obligations accepted on the basis of the international documents. Lately many changes of legal regulation have taken place and various legal acts are being planed to accept, which provide for the differentiated legal regulation of employment and work conditions of foreigners, coming from European Union and third countries. This work, first of all, presents the analysis of legal regulation of work, based on the employment contracts. The purpose was to determine the peculiarities of employment of foreigners, the execution of the employment contracts and their termination. Besides that, this work also presents the analysis of legal regulation of work of temporary posted workers, aimed at determining the specific regulation of such king of work and exposing some of the positive sides and the shortcomings of national regulation. While carrying out the research, basically, the examination of system of legal acts, the analysis of interpretations of the law, given by the competent institutions, was carried out. Analyzing the legal regulation, special literature was used to give the scholars’ opinions, disputable questions and problems of existing regulation were... [to full text]

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The shifting of asymmetric power balances in South Africa e.g. the acceleration of apartheid disintegration in the 1980s that brought to power the first black majority government in 1994 precipitated an unprecedented rise of antiforeigner attitudes and practices. Since then, spurts of aggression and violence against foreign nationals have occurred regularly. The latest outbreak in May 2008, whose images shocked many people around the world with reminiscences of ethnic cleansing, was not an isolated abnormality but a characteristic phenomenon of post-apartheid figurational trends. While xenophobia is a worldwide phenomenon, South African antiforeigner attitudes have specific cultural and historical contingencies. While all non-citizens are generally viewed negatively, African foreign nationals are more likely than other foreigners to be victims of aggressive antiforeigner attitudes and practices. This dissertation explores as a sociological problem the construction and mobilization of the figure of Makwerekwere, that is, the African foreigner through established-outsider nationalistic discourse and practices in post-apartheid South Africa. The study is based on a number of methods of investigation carried out during ten months of fieldwork between October 2006 and August 2007: Focus-group and individualized interviews; participant observation; analysis of nationalistic antiforeigner narratives from media; analysis of data from other scholars, research organizations, and human rights organizations. Figurational sociology, particularly the theory of the established and the outsiders, is the informative analytical orientation of the study. The study is organized around three sets of analysis: (1) the construction and mobilization of the figure of Makwerekwere by citizens (state agents and civil society agents); (2) the construction and mobilization of the figure of Makwerekwere as it is understood and experienced by those who are arrogated this figure and its characteristics; (3) and the concomitant structural atmosphere of the life-worlds and social spaces populated by those who are assigned the figure of Makwerekwere. These figurational dynamics suggest that although apartheid has been largely dismantled, it has left its imprints on South Africas social habitus. Thus the conclusion of the study situates post-apartheid antiforeigner sentiments and practices, particularly the anti-African orientation of the ideology of Makwerekwere, in the shadows of apartheid.

The number of foreigners moving to the Czech Republic has been raising in the past decade. Education of foreigners' children at lower secondary school is inevitable, because this level is obligatory for children aged six to fifteen, or eighteen in some cases. The aim of this thesis is to focus on education of foreign children at lower secondary level and to survey educational material provided by organizations. These materials should be helpful when integrating foreigners or teaching about migration. The practical part is a case study in which there is everything about how the particular school works with foreigners. The approach of teachers to these children is also illustrated there. The thesis reveals whether the teachers are ready for teaching foreign children who speak different mother tongue; it also evaluates the contribution of the school to integrating the children to the society.

The thesis is focused foreigners on the Czech labour market activity as both employees and entrepreneurs. It evaluates Czech Republic as a whole and Pilsner region.Theoretical part focuses on the supply and demand on the labour market, migration, arrival and residence of foreigners, their employment and economical impacts of the immigration.The practical part focuses on the development of foreigners' numbers in Czech Republic, their age structure, their influence on demographical structure of Czech Republic citizens and development in the numbers of employed and entrepreneuring foreigners.Until 2008, the impact of foreigners on Czech economy was quite considerable. However, due to the economical recession, many foreigners were laid off, which lead to decrease in their economical activity.

Abstract This diploma work?s title is ?Special Characteristics of Nursing Care Documentation at Providing Foreign Patients with Nursing Care?. Nursing care documentation is very important, which statement represents general consent of all medical officers of health however the aforementioned nursing care documentation is rather complicated and disunited and uncoordinated. The greatest problem that appears here consists in needs being different taking into consideration culture, country, which the person (patient) comes from and the patient?s religion that the patient practices. Therefore it is important to bring order and consolidate all relevant pieces of information and think over nationwide use of this important data containing foreign patient characteristics. At present paying attention to this problem is worth not only noticing but also solving it because due to increasing migration to and within the Czech Republic territory it is expected that there will be a lot of different cultures as well as nationalities and medical personnel is expected high level of nursing care taking account of their needs. In the beginning there were set the following two goals: To ascertain whether the existing nursing documentation contains specific pieces of information necessary for providing nursing care for foreign patients and to determine whether it is necessary to make specific pieces information regarding foreign patients an integral part of nursing documentation. Three research questions were established at the same time then. The first research question focused on the fact whether the documentation having been used in hospitals was adapted to satisfy biological, psychical, social and spiritual needs of foreign patients. Thanks to the research question number two we made effort to ascertain and identify whether the documentation applied and being used in hospitals covers also the specific documentation oriented to foreign patients. The third and last research question solved the problem whether it is necessary that specific pieces of information dealing with foreign patients should be an integral part of nursing documentation. Inquiry check and examination were carried out by applying method of qualitative examination by means of non-standard interview and during the second part of interview data analysis was used. The research samples were represented by nurses working at hospital wards in the hospitals within South Bohemia Region, West Bohemia Region, Central Bohemia Region and North Moravia Region. Applying interview forms processed the pieces of information provided by nurses. The inquiry checks and examinations showed that the nursing documentation used in the hospital wards does not contain in sufficient scope the pieces of information oriented to the foreign patients and foreign clients which results in foreign patients and clients not satisfying biological, psychical, social and spiritual needs. It follows from this that nurses working at hospital wards do not have available and at their disposal the documentation related to the foreign clients and patients and dealing with the foreign clients? needs ? the existing nursing documentation is only one and it is applied and used for all hospital clients i.e. it is uniform. It is possible to make the conclusion that the first goal having been established has been met and the same hold good for the second one. In the connection and context with pieces of knowledge having been ascertained we should like to recommend that nurses working at hospital wards should have the possibility of getting familiar with multicultural nursing and it would be advisable and appropriate to provide nursing documentation oriented to foreign clients coming from foreign countries. It appears important from the point of view to satisfy the needs of these clients, which will bring nursing care new higher quality.

Inserida nos estudos da Germanística Interdisciplinar no Brasil, a presente dissertação, A experiência do estranho no romance Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge, de Rainer Maria Rilke, tem como objetivo analisar na mencionada obra literária, considerada o primeiro romance moderno em língua alemã do século XX, o conceito do estranho. Os diversos elementos ficcionais que compõem cada um de seus setenta e um fragmentos permitem ao protagonista-narrador, Malte Laurids Brigge, ter acesso à abrangente configuração da semântica do estranho que se apresenta aqui por meio de três vertentes: a experiência de vida em uma metrópole estrangeira com a qual ele não se identifica, mas que, dialeticamente, lhe serve como uma ponte para a descoberta de seu mundo interior; a revelação de recordações de sua infância, até então não manifestadas, e regidas por acontecimentos particulares que reconstituem a busca precoce por sua identidade; e a afirmação de seu Eu através de leituras de narrativas alheias que projetam camufladamente sua identidade. Com esse conjunto semântico multifacetário, Rilke logra articular com a experiência do estranho diversas possibilidades e tentativas de Malte Laurids Brigge em buscar e redefinir sua identidade. / Inscribed within Interdisciplinary Germanic Studies in Brazil, the objective of this thesis, The Foreigners/Stranger´s Experience in Rainer Maria Rilkes Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge, is to analyze the concept of the foreigner/stranger in said text, considered to be the German languages first 20th Century modern novel. The diverse fictional elements comprising each one of the seventy one fragments of the work grant the central character/narrator access to the configuration of the semantics of the foreigner, presented in three strains: the experience of living in a foreign metropolis with which he does not identify yet serves him as a bridge to discovering an inner world in dialectic terms; the revelation of memories not manifested during his childhood and governed by particular occurrences that reconstruct his search for identity; and the projection of his ego through readings of narratives by others. With this group of elements and by way of the foreigners experience, Rilke manages to articulate the most diverse possibilities of Malte Laurids Grigges search for identity.

This investigation is about the theological perspectives in Ezra and Nehemiah on the concept of ‘Yahweh’s people’ during the early post-exilic period (539-350 BC). The study has utilized literary and historical methods with a theological perspective since the text of the Bible is a literary, historical and theological document (cf Gorman 2001:8; McKenzie&Haynes 1999:20-21). The books of Ezra and Nehemiah formed the primary sources of the research. The Abrahamic and the Mosaic covenants, as well as the Ancient Near Eastern Treaty pattern have also been investigated as a background picture to the discussion in Ezra and Nehemiah. The study reveals that there is both an exclusive and an inclusive perspective in Ezra and Nehemiah. Similar perspectives are found in the Abrahamic/Mosaic covenants. These perspectives concern the conception of ‘Yahweh’s people’ and other nations, foreigners and aliens. On the one hand, the exclusive’ theological perspective in Ezra and Nehemiah looks at those who did not go into exile and essentially, the rest of the other people as ‘foreigners’ or aliens; but primarily as those who are not ‘Yahweh’s people’. Non-exiles were perceived as a threat to the religious, political, economic, social life, and progress of the early returned exiles. On the other hand, the inclusive theological perspective in Ezra and Nehemiah viewed non-exiles or other nations/foreigners with sympathy and appreciation (cf Ezr 1:1-3; 3:7; 4:2; 6:13-14; 10:15; Neh 2:8-9). This group considered the so-called foreigners as partners, friends and human beings who could embrace Yahweh as their God. In view of the dual perspectives, I have argued that the author(s)/editor(s) of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah re-interpreted certain passages from the Pentateuch and from the deuteronomic-deuteronomistic history in a peculiar way to support the exclusive religious and social reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah. Thus, this investigation has shown that Israel and essentially all other nations, races and people could become ‘Yahweh’s people’ through appropriate covenant means. These covenant processes included: -- Yahweh’s promise to become the God of the Patriarchs as well as the God of Israel (cf Gn 17:7-8); --The notion of Abraham as the father of a multitude of nations (cf Gn 17:5); -- Circumcision (cf Gn 17:10-14); -- The blessing of other nations via Abraham and his descendants (cf Gn 12:3; 18:18; 22:18; 26:4; 28:14); -- Food provision (cf Ex 23:10-11; Lv 19:9-10; 23:22; 25:1-7; Dt 14:28-29; 24:19-21; 26:12-15); -- Sabbath keeping (cf Ex 20:8-11; 23:12; Dt 5:12-15); -- Celebration of Passover, feasts of Weeks and Tabernacles (cf Ex 12:17-20, 48-49; Nm 9:14; Dt 16:10-14); -- Equality of both the Israelites and the aliens before the law of Yahweh (cf Ex 12:49; Lv 24:22; Nm 9:14; 15:13-16, 29-30); -- Intermarriage (cf Tamar-Gn 38:6-30; Moses-Nm 12:1-2; Ruth-Rt 1:16-17; 4:13-22; Rahab-Jos 6:22-23 and Bathsheba-2 Sm 11:3, 26-27; 12:24-25); -- Sacrificial offering (cf Lv 22:17-20, 25; Nm 15:13-16) and -- Cities of refuge (cf Nm 35:14-15). The reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah ignored this inclusive perspective of the two covenants. Ezra and Nehemiah adopted the exclusive perspective of both covenants as the basis for their reforms. This is a one-sided understanding of the Abrahamic and the Mosaic covenant perspective on ‘Yahweh’s people’. A close reading of the two covenants reveals the openness of Yahweh, the God of Israel, to all nations, races, peoples and ethnic groups. Yahweh accepted all people who embraced him as their God through appropriate covenant means. Yahweh cannot be confined to a single group of people as presupposed in Ezra and Nehemiah. He cannot be localized! / Thesis (PhD (Old Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

This thesis concerns audio courses as the means of teaching of foreign languages. In the theoretical part, it deals with historical context of language audio courses. By way of describing the development of teaching methods (grammar-translation method, direct method and audio-lingual method in particular), it presents main principles of audio courses. Due to the main target group of language audio courses in general and also the audio course of Czech for foreigners that was created as a project to this thesis, it also deals with A1 language level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. In the practical part, it concerns with analysis of three audio courses - the Berlitz's Češkij jazyk: bazovyj kurs, the Pimsleur's Speak and Read Essential Czech and the new project audio course. The last mentioned audio course was pretested and the results are provided in form of case studies. Key words audio course, audiolingual method, Berlitz, Czech for foreigners, Pimsleur, direct method