<p>In directed forgetting research, participants are instructed to forget information recently learned, and asked instead to remember new information given later. When asked to recall both the to-be-remembered and the to-be-forgotten information, participants successfully exhibit directed forgetting by recalling more to-be-remembered material, than to-be-forgotten material. In the present study, two directed forgetting list method experiments were conducted on undergraduate students of psychology (n = 25; n = 78). The aim of the study was to see if retrieval inhibition between participants with or without traumatic childhood experiences differed, when presented with negative or positive words. All participants were screened for childhood trauma with the CTQ-SF. The participants in the second experiment were additionally screened for dissociation with the DES-II. While Experiment 1, possibly due to small sample size failed to attain a directed forgetting effect, Experiment 2 succeeded. The issue of childhood trauma did not influence the directed forgetting effect.</p>

Dans cette thèse sur Hélène Cixous, l’écriture fictionnelle est abordée sous l’angle de son intimité propre. Dans les textes littéraires, l’intimité qui en découle étant en général attribuée à l’écrivain, seul garant du texte, ce travail de recherche met l’accent sur le volet autonome de l’écriture relégué de plus en plus à un rang secondaire au profit d’une renaissance de l’auteur. Or, à regarder de près le processus d’avènement de l’écriture – qui, d’ailleurs, chez Hélène Cixous ne se dissocie pas de l’activité onirique ou de la dynamique pulsionnelle – et à interroger l’acte de lecture, il y a quelque chose qui, tout en se donnant, échappe ou se garde. Ce don et ce retrait invite à traiter de l’intimité de l’écriture eu égard à sa dynamique autonome. L’approche du sujet s’est voulue pluridisciplinaire en allant du champ littéraire à celui psychanalytique. Les premières analyses montrent d’abord un parallèle entre la pulsion et l’écriture avant de finir par identifier une pulsion d’écriture et de s’achever en mettant en crise la notion d’auteur et mettant en évidence un Etre-écriture autonome. L’analyse de la question de l’intimité fait le constat selon lequel, l’intimité est dans les fictions d’Hélène Cixous un espace de communication essentiellement littéraire. Communication qui souligne la structure bipartite de l’intimité de l’écriture. Celle-ci se compose de son intimité propre et prend en compte l’exergue d’intimité de la narratrice écrivaine. L’étude des figures de l’intimité permet de mettre en lumière le jeu de l’écriture et de l’intimité en soulignant que si l’intimité se donne dans les fictions cixousiennes, elle se donne surtout par le biais de l’autre. C’est l’autre, l’écriture qui révèle l’intimité. En fin de compte cette thèse montre que l’écriture d’Hélène Cixous à une intimité propre que le lecteur se doit de séparer de celle de l’écrivaine. Même si son écriture met en exergue des indices autobiographiques, il n’en reste pas moins qu’ils sont pris dans le vertige de la fiction. / In this thesis dedicated to Hélène Cixous, we approach the fictional writing from the perspective of its own intimacy. The resulting intimacy is generally attributed to the writer, the only guarantor of the text. The present research puts the emphasis on the independent component of writing increasingly relegated to a secondary position in favor of the author. Yet, when observing closely the process of writing - which incidentally, is not dissociated from dream or drive in writings of Hélène Cixous - and examining the act of reading, there is something that, even if revealed completely, escapes or holds back. Such "giving" and such "escaping" invite us to address the intimacy of writing with respect to its autonomous dynamic. A multidisciplinary approach to the subject is required. This ranges from literature to psychoanalysis. The early analyses show firstly a parallel between drive and writing before identifying the drive writing and finishing by putting in crisis the notion of authorship by highlighting autonomous "Self-writing". Based on analysis of intimacy we found that, the intimacy in Hélène Cixous´ fiction refers essentially to a literary communication, the communication that emphasizes a bipartite structure of the intimacy of writing. It is composed of its own intimacy of writing taking into account a part of the intimacy of the narrator. The study of figures of intimacy highlights the play of writing and intimacy. Furthermore it emphasizes that the intimacy present in Cixous’ fiction is especially revealed through the writing. Finally, the present thesis shows the intimacy specific to Hélène Cixous’ writings which is to be separated, in reader’s perspective, from that of the author. Although Cixous’ texts affirm autobiographical evidence, it is nevertheless caught up in the dynamic of fiction.

É este um estudo sobre a quebra entre o passado e o futuro na cozinha caipira. Mais uma vez vemos agora surgir a lembrança da cozinha caipira, após um longo esquecimento do paulista da roça. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda nos mostrou que a origem da cozinha paulista no tempo dos bandeirantes estava no caminho que convida ao movimento, dando margem à maior influência dos hábitos alimentares indígenas sobre os portugueses. O sustento da viagem ao sertão eram os produtos da caça, pesca e coleta. Ao longo dos caminhos, os paulistas ainda plantavam as roças de milho e feijão. Antonio Candido observou a crise da cozinha caipira, diante do processo de modernização do país. Assim, ocorreu a manutenção da dieta básica e a perda da dieta complementar devido às transformações no mundo do caipira. O feijão com toucinho e a farinha de milho puderam se manter vivos no presente. O que caiu no esquecimento do passado foram os produtos da caça, pesca e coleta. O objetivo deste estudo é reconstruir o passado da cozinha caipira no presente, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo. A hipótese deste estudo é que a moderna cozinha brasileira, na procura incessante do novo, busca inspiração no passado colonial não para ser relançada outra vez à escala nacional e sim à escala mundial. O menu Caminhos & Fronteiras, fruto dos estudos compartilhados com o chef de cozinha Jefferson Rueda, pretende homenagear as origens da cozinha caipira. A criação dos pratos nos levará às viagens ao sertão, pelas antigas capitanias de Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso e Goiás, apresentando os ingredientes das terras paulistas, cuja produção será compreendida por meio das entrevistas com os pequenos produtores rurais. Recolher o tesouro perdido não só do milho, feijão e carne de porco, mas também das carnes de caça, pescados, palmitos, frutas silvestres e mel de abelhas nativas poderá contribuir para construir a ponte entre o passado e o futuro na cozinha caipira. Mas será que a perda da tradição na cozinha caipira significa a perda do passado? A questão da memória e da história benjaminiana irá guiar a busca por uma nova relação com o passado. O estudo chega ao fim com uma leitura psicanalítica que irá compreender a gastronomia como uma sublimação do prazer oral / This is a study about the break between the past and the future in the Caipira cuisine. Once again, we currently see the remembrance of the Caipira cuisine arise, after a long forgetting of the paulista da roça. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda showed us that the origin of the Paulista culinary in the age of the bandeirantes was in the path that invites for movement, allowing for the bigger influence of natives eating habits over the Portuguese ones. The sustenance on the journey inwards was the goods from hunting, fishing and foraging. Along the way, the paulistas also planted corn and bean crops. Antonio Candido observed the crisis of the Caipira cuisine in face of the modernization process the country underwent. Thus, preservation of the basic diet and loss of the complementary diet took place due to transformations in the world of the Caipira. Beans with bacon and corn flour were able to keep themselves alive in the present. What fell into forgetting were the goods from hunting, fishing and foraging. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the past of the Caipira cuisine in the present through a field research. This studys hypothesis is that modern Brazilian cuisine, in the ceaseless quest for the new, seeks inspiration in the colonial past in order not to be relaunched in national scale, but in global scale. The Caminhos&Fronteiras menu, fruit of shared studies with Chef Jefferson Rueda, sets out to pay homage to the origins of the Caipira cuisine. The creation of dishes is to take us to the voyages inwards, throughout the ancient states of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Goiás, presenting the ingredients of Paulistas lands, whose production will be understood by the means of interviews with small producers. Recollecting the lost treasure not only from the corn, beans and pork meat, but also game, fish, hearts of palm, wild fruit and indigenous bees honey may contribute towards bridging the gap between the past and future in the Caipira cuisine. However, does the loss of tradition in Caipira cuisine mean the loss of the past? The question of Benjaminian memory and history will guide the search for a new way to relate to the past. The study reaches its end with a psychoanalytic reading that is to understand gastronomy as a sublimation of oral pleasure

This work devises a novel approach for mitigating the effects of Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Reinforcement Learning-based cognitive radio engine implementations employed in space communication applications. Previous implementations of cognitive radio space communication systems utilized a moving window- based online learning method, which discards part of its understanding of the environment each time the window is moved. This act of discarding is called Catastrophic Forgetting. This work investigated ways to control the forgetting process in a more systematic manner, both through a recursive training technique that implements forgetting in a more controlled manner and an ensemble learning technique where each member of the ensemble represents the engine's understanding over a certain period of time. Both of these techniques were integrated into a cognitive radio engine proof-of-concept, and were delivered to the SDR platform on the International Space Station. The results were then compared to the results from the original proof-of-concept. Through comparison, the ensemble learning technique showed promise when comparing performance between training techniques during different communication channel contexts.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anita Guimaraes Camara.pdf: 709224 bytes, checksum: 5ff472842f0ca8f1494fb43f26359395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis discusses works of Franz Kafka using Walter Benjamin s theory of narrative. Based on Benjamin s definitions of different narratives, we consider the question: "What kind of storytelling is possible to write in the 20th century?" Our starting point is the emergence of Modernism, which was brought about by far-reaching changes in the Western society in the late 19th and early 20th Century. The modernist authors questioned established beliefs and traditional ways of expression. Taking Benjamin's concepts on Kafka as our starting point, we expand them by examining five of Kafka s short stories. The analyses of the short stories connect themes that are common to both authors. We argue for Benjamin s thesis of the possibility of a modern narrative in Kafka. Such narrative emerges from the fragments of a tradition in ruins. This analysis of Kafka s work enables a better understanding of Benjamin's thinking on the effects of Modernism on expression and tradition / O tema da presente dissertação é uma leitura da obra do escritor Franz Kafka a partir de uma teoria da narrativa de Walter Benjamin. Com base nas diferentes definições de narrativa de Benjamin, consideramos a pergunta: Que tipo de narração é possível a partir do século XX? . Nosso ponto de partida é o advento do Modernismo, resultado das profundas e amplas transformações da sociedade ocidental no final do século XIX e início do século XX. Os autores modernistas questionam as crenças estabelecidas e os meios tradicionais de expressão. Partimos das ideias apresentadas por Benjamin sobre Kafka, expandindo-as na análise de cinco contos do autor tcheco. As interpretações dos contos buscam relacionar os principais temas comuns aos autores. Defendemos a tese benjaminiana da possibilidade de uma narrativa moderna em Kafka. Narrativa esta que sobrevive dos destroços de uma tradição em ruínas. Esta análise permite compreender melhor o pensamento de Benjamin sobre as crises da transmissão e da tradição

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often complain of a fading of new memories over days to weeks. This is particularly the case for patients with transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), a subtype of TLE. Objective memory testing sometimes corroborates this complaint, demonstrating normal or near-normal recall after standard delays (10-30 minutes), followed by a rapid decline in recall over longer delays (i.e. 1 week). This ‘nonstandard’ form of memory impairment has been termed accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF). It may reflect impairment of memory encoding, consolidation or retrieval. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the cognitive basis of ALF in TEA/TLE. The objectives were to: (a) determine the time scale of ALF of words (Chapter 3), (b) establish whether ALF affects picture recognition (Chapter 4), (c) establish whether ALF is affected by repeated retrieval (Chapter 2), number of learning trials (Chapter 5) and post-learning sensory stimulation (interference) (Chapter 5), (d) investigate ALF under incidental encoding conditions (Chapter 6), and (e) examine ALF associated with baclofen, a GABAB – receptor agonist (Chapter 7). A range of experimental paradigms and materials were applied to test memory function in several samples of TEA/TLE patients complaining of ALF and in healthy controls. The experiments revealed the following: ALF for word lists became apparent after 3–8 hours of daytime wakefulness, suggesting that disturbance of sleep related consolidation processes is not necessary for ALF to emerge in TEA. ALF for verbal information occurred both under incidental and intentional encoding conditions, and this rapid forgetting was not prevented by cued or recognition tests or by the matching of encoding conditions for patients and controls. This suggests that ALF is not associated primarily with an encoding or retrieval deficit. Although multiple learning trials and reduced sensory stimulation after learning reduced early forgetting (over 15-30 minutes) in TEA/TLE, neither factor reduced long-term forgetting. Moreover, in contrast to verbal recall, picture recognition was impoverished after minutes, but declined normally thereafter, demonstrating a subtle ‘early’ memory deficit in TEA, which might or might not be related to ALF. Overall, the present research suggests that ALF reflects a consolidation deficit, which results in accelerating forgetting the first few hours to days after memory acquisition, without a requirement for intervening sleep.

Si l'apprentissage organisationnel est un thème central des théories de l'organisation, l'oubli organisationnel a été beaucoup moins étudié. Dans un environnement en mutation, les risques d'obsolescence des savoirs et des capacités retiennent prioritairement l'attention des entreprises et des chercheurs. Cette thèse entend montrer que de nombreuses transformations contemporaines des entreprises (de leur organisation comme de leurs ressources) invitent à reconsidérer les risques associés à la continuité de leurs capacités d'action. Dans le cadre d'une recherche menée en collaboration avec un centre d'ingénierie spécialisé dans la réalisation de grands projets industriels complexes, nous avons montré que des difficultés opérationnelles liées à un contexte de forte croissance de la charge de travail et des effectifs révélaient en fait un problème plus profond. Une longue période d'absence de projets et un profond renouvellement générationnel des équipes d'ingénieurs avaient en effet rendu nécessaire une phase de réapprentissage collectif. Mais les travaux de recherche existants sur l'oubli organisationnel ne permettent que très partiellement de penser et gérer ce type de situation. À travers notre cas d'étude, nous montrons que dans une activité d'ingénierie, le diagnostic de l'oubli organisationnel doit moins reposer sur une analyse de la performance que sur une attention aux signaux envoyés par les ressources humaines ainsi qu'aux temps et aux modes de constitution des capacités d'action. Ce changement de posture nous permet, dans un premier temps de qualifier une situation de « mur d'apprentissage » comme paroxystique des phases de réapprentissage. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence le caractère pluriel et hétérogène des sources de l'oubli organisationnel, qui complique les opérations de diagnostic et d'orientation de l'action. Nous nous efforçons enfin d'appréhender les conditions macro- et micro-organisationnelles qui permettent de franchir ce « mur ». / Although organizational learning is a central topic in organization theory, organizational forgetting has been much less studied. In a changing environment, researchers and practicioners have primarly focused on the risk of knowledge and skills obsolescence. This thesis starts from the idea that the transformations undergone by many companies make it necessary to tackle the risks related to the maintenance of their capabilities. As part of a collaborative research with an engineering department in charge of steering large and complex industrial projects, we have shown that operational difficulties, in a context of rapid growth of workload and staff, revealed a deeper problem. Indeed, a deep generational renewal of teams along with a long period without new projects, generated a need for a collective relearning process. However, existing research on organizational forgetting is silent on how to think and manage this kind of situations. Through our case study, we show that, in engineering environments, diagnosing organizational forgetting requires paying attention to human signals and to capability building processes and length. First, it enables us to describe a situation of "learning wall" as a paroxysmal phase of relearning. We then highlight the plural and heterogeneous sources of organizational forgetting, which complicate diagnosis and action. Finally, we strive to identify the macro- and micro- organizational conditions that bridge this learning wall.

In directed forgetting research, participants are instructed to forget information recently learned, and asked instead to remember new information given later. When asked to recall both the to-be-remembered and the to-be-forgotten information, participants successfully exhibit directed forgetting by recalling more to-be-remembered material, than to-be-forgotten material. In the present study, two directed forgetting list method experiments were conducted on undergraduate students of psychology (n = 25; n = 78). The aim of the study was to see if retrieval inhibition between participants with or without traumatic childhood experiences differed, when presented with negative or positive words. All participants were screened for childhood trauma with the CTQ-SF. The participants in the second experiment were additionally screened for dissociation with the DES-II. While Experiment 1, possibly due to small sample size failed to attain a directed forgetting effect, Experiment 2 succeeded. The issue of childhood trauma did not influence the directed forgetting effect.

Att hantera kunskapen inom organisationer blir allt viktigare för att kunna förbättra organisatoriska utvecklingsmöjligheter och den konkurrenskraft som följer av detta. För en organisation med hög personalomsättning är således kunskapshanteringen av största vikt. Misslyckas organisationen att föra över kunskap och motverka de kunskapsglapp som kan uppkomma när individer lämnar organisationen är risken att förlora avgörande kunskapsresurser överhängande. Uppsalas studentnationer utgör ett tydligt exempel på organisationer som brottas med den här problematiken. Studentnationernas ledning byts ut betydligt oftare än vad som är vanligt i näringslivet och problematiken kring kunskapsöverföring vid hög personalomsättning dras på så vis till sin spets.   Syftet med denna uppsats var att skapa förståelse för kuratorer på Uppsalas studentnationers upplevelse av kunskapsöverföring i samband med kuratorsskiften. Det är således de enskilda kuratorernas upplevelse av kunskapsöverföring som är i fokus för uppsatsen. Studien genomfördes i form av en kvalitativ intervjustudie bestående av åtta stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med sittande eller nyligen avgångna kuratorer vi Uppsalas studentnationer.   De resultat som går att utläsa av studien är i mångt och mycket konsekvent med teoribildning på området. Det framgick att respondenterna upplevde tydlig dokumentation och rutiner som en av grundpelarna för att kunskapsöverföringen ska lyckas. Resultatet tyder även på att den utbrändhet många av kuratorerna upplever i slutet av sitt kuratorsår utgör ett stort hot mot effektiv kunskapsöverföring i samband med kuratorsskiften. / Knowledge management is becoming progressively more and more important in order to improve and organization’s possibilities for improvement and the competitive advantage that follows. To an organization with high turnover rate, knowledge management is of outmost importance. If an organization fails to transfer the relevant knowledge when an individual leaves, the risk of vital knowledge loss increases dramatically.   The student nations of Uppsala are clear examples of organizations with a high rate of turnover where these complexes of problem occur. The top management is exchanged considerably more often than in the business world and thus the issue of knowledge transfer is very relevant.   The purpose of this essay was to create an understanding of the experience of knowledge transfer of the Curators at Uppsala’s student nation. It is their subjective experiences we are focusing on in this essay. The study was conducted in the form of qualitative interviews consisting of eight semi-structured interviews with current of recent Curators at the student nations in Uppsala.   Our results from this study are consistent with the theory in this field. We could see how the respondents experience clear documentation and routines as important basis for knowledge transfer to succeed. The result also indicates that the exhaustion that many of the Curators experience at the end of their contracted year is a major threat against effective knowledge transfer when exchanging Curators.

There have been many theories on why we forget. One of the recent approaches to this phenomenon is retrieval induced forgetting (RIF). The present study investigated RIF and different kinds of disruptions and their effects by using extra-list cued recall task. Some participants studied two additional word lists after the target list and some participants studied and were tested from these interpolated lists before their final recall of target list. Relatedness of the interfering lists was also manipulated. There were two control groups that either got an immediate test or got a math task before memory test. The particular interest was on the target competitor effect. The results of the study indicated that all the disruption conditions reduced the effects of competitors. However, there was no effect of retrieval-induced forgetting and also no effect of relatedness. The importance of retention interval on forgetting was discussed.