Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 407442.pdf: 8264921 bytes, checksum: c935c13c9c3b4e31a080d2410241515e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-21 / A presente disserta??o pretende compreender parte da cultura visual em Porto Alegre nos anos 1940 e 1950, abordando o of?cio da fotografia. As principais fontes utilizadas foram depoimentos orais de fot?grafos que atuaram no per?odo, que fazem parte do acervo do Museu de Comunica??o Social Hip?lito Jos? da Costa e um livro, intitulado Respingos de Revelador e Rabiscos escrito pelo fot?grafo Sioma Breitman. Procurou-se compreender quais eram os usos sociais que eram feitos das fotografias e quais as possibilidades de atua??o dos fot?grafos. A fotografia neste per?odo passou por uma fase de transforma??es, na qual os tradicionais est?dios fotogr?ficos davam lugar ? novas possibilidades de utiliza??o da fotografia. Surgiam associa??es de fot?grafos como a Associa??o dos Fot?grafos Profissionais do Rio Grande do Sul (1946-1954), o Foto Cine Clube Ga?cho (1951) e a Associa??o dos Rep?rteres Fotogr?ficos e Cinemat?grafos do Rio Grande do Sul (1956). Estes espa?os eram mecanismos de valoriza??o social da atividade, al?m de apontar os caminhos da especializa??o, que se aprofundou nas d?cadas subseq?entes. As m?quinas port?teis ofereciam uma extensa possibilidade de inser??o da fotografia, como no jornalismo, na publicidade, na arquitetura. As secretarias de estado tamb?m passaram a fazer uso de imagens fotogr?ficas, como objeto de planejamento e controle urbano. Sioma Breitman e Jo?o Alberto foram fot?grafos importantes no per?odo e suas trajet?rias s?o fortes evid?ncias destes novos lugares da fotografia em Porto Alegre. Jo?o Alberto (1920) ingressou na fotografia como laboratorista do Servi?o Geogr?fico do Ex?rcito onde trabalhou com levantamentos a?reos. Ap?s isso, trabalhou na secretaria de obras p?blicas. No in?cio dos anos 1950 montou um est?dio onde desenvolveu trabalhos para a arquitetura e publicidade. Sioma Breitman (1903-1980) come?ou a trabalhar na fotografia fazendo retoques em fotografias. Abriu cinco est?dios pelas cidades do interior do estado e capital. Foi um dos respons?veis pelo surgimento da Associa??o dos Fot?grafos Profissionais do Rio Grande do Sul, onde organizou sal?es de arte fotogr?fica e trabalhou para a constitui??o de cursos regulares de forma??o e capacita??o em fotografia. Pretende-se compreender o contexto de atua??o destes fot?grafos sob a perspectiva das transforma??es na fotografia em n?veis nacionais e internacionais

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-10T19:35:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Julio Eduardo Paiva Sena Maia.pdf: 4252378 bytes, checksum: c4558d5e8e37e740e16bcf9b41d1c55b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T19:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Julio Eduardo Paiva Sena Maia.pdf: 4252378 bytes, checksum: c4558d5e8e37e740e16bcf9b41d1c55b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / Laser flash photolysis (LFP) studies have been performed in order to investigate the triplet reactivity toward hydrogen and electron donors of the benzo-fused furan psoralens 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2H-benzofuro[2,3-e]-1-benzopyran-2-one (1) and 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2H-benzofuro[3,2-d]-1-benzopyran-2-one (2). Photolysis of the psoralens 1 and 2 results in the formation of the corresponding triplet excited state which is efficiently quenched by DABCO, triethylamine and phenols containing polar substituents. The reaction of the triplet state of 1 and 2 with electron donors (DABCO and triethylamine) leads to the formation of the corresponding anion radical whereas with phenols the corresponding aryloxyl radical was easily detected. Quenching rate constants for psoralen 2 are at least one order of magnitude greater than for 1. The Hammett plot for the reaction of 1 and 2 with phenols yielded a reaction constant ? of - 1.88?0.29 and -1.60?0.21, respectively, which reflects the high electrophilicity of the carbonyl group of both psoralens. / Estudos empregando a t?cnica de Fot?lise por Pulso de Laser foram realizados a fim de investigar a reatividade dos estados excitados triplete dos benzopsoralenos 3-etoxicarbonil-2-H-benzofuro[2,3-e]-1-benzopiran-2-ona (Pso 1) e 3-etoxicarbonil-2-H-benzofuro[3,2-d]-1-benzopiran-2-ona (Pso 2) frente a doadores de el?tron e hidrog?nio. A fot?lise dos psoralenos Pso 1 e Pso 2 resulta na forma??o do estado excitado triplete correspondente os quais reagem de forma eficiente com DABCO, trietilamina, fenol e seus derivados contendo substituintes polares. A rea??o dos estados excitados triplete de Pso 1 e Pso 2 com doadores de el?tron (DABCO e trietilamina) levou ? forma??o do ?nion radical correspondente, enquanto que na presen?a de doadores de hidrog?nio como o fenol e seus derivados houve forma??o dos radicais fenoxila correspondentes. As constantes de velocidade obtidos para Pso 2 s?o pelo menos uma ordem de grandeza maior do que as obtidas para Pso 1. Um gr?fico de Hammett para as rea??es do triplete de Pso 1 e Pso 2 frente a fen?is e seus derivados produziu constante de rea??o (?? de - 1,88?0,29 e de -1,60 ? 0,21, respectivamente, o que reflete a alta eletrofilicidade do grupo carbon?lico para ambos os benzopsoralenos.

<p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Hand-fot syndrom är en form av perifer sensorisk neuropati orsakad av cytostatikabehandling. Syndromet kan ge biverkningar såsom smärta, obehag, domningar, svullnad och nedsatt balans. Utvärderade behandlingsmetoder saknas.</p><p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Undersöka hur tolv veckors sjukgymnastisk behandling med långvågsdiametri, interferens och balansträning påverkar biverkningar i fot/underben orsakad av cytostatikabehandling hos sju patienter med hand-fot syndrom.</p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> Gruppstudie, kvasiexperimentell resultatstudie. Sju patienter deltog. Variabler som mättes var, smärta, obehag, domningar och balans. Tre mätningar utfördes, före, efter samt åtta veckor efter interventionen. Självrapporterad skattning och fysisk mätning användes.</p><p><strong>Resultat: </strong>Gruppens smärta, obehag och domningar minskade vid samtliga mätningar. För smärta visade mätning efter intervention samt åtta veckor efter signifikans (p=0,027), (p=0,042). Obehag visade signifikans efter interventionen (p=0,018). Domningar visade ingen signifikans. Balans visade signifikans i: Skärpt Romberg, höger, blundande, åtta veckor efter interventionen (p=0,043). Skärpt Romberg, vänster, blundande, efter interventionen (p=0,027), åtta veckor efter interventionen (p=0,028). Stående på ett ben, höger, blundande, efter interventionen (p=0,042), åtta veckor efter interventionen (p=0,027). Inga mätningar visade försämringar.</p><p><strong>Slutsats: </strong>Restultaten visade att behandling med långvårdsdiametri, interferens och balansträning minskade smärta, obehag, domningar och delvis förbättrade balans vid hand-fot syndrom. Dock går det inte att påvisa vilken behandlingskomponent som påverkat mest. Ytterligare studier behövs för att ge resultat större giltighet.</p> / <p><strong>Background</strong>: Hand-foot syndrome is a form of perifier sensory neuropathy caused by chemotherapy. The syndrome can cause side effects such as pain, discomfort, numbness, swelling and impaired balance. Evaluated treatment is lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Examine how twelve week physiotherapy treatment short-wave diathermy, interference and balance training affects side effects of the foot/lower leg caused by chemotherapy in seven patients with hand-foot syndrome.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Study group, quasi-experimental outcome study. Seven patients participated. Variables measured were, pain, discomfort, numbness, and balance. Three measurements were carried out, before, after, and eight weeks after the intervention. Self-reported estimates and the physical measurement were used. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The group's pain, discomfort and numbness decreased in all measurements. For pain measurement after the intervention and eight weeks after showed significance (p = 0,027),(p = 0,042). Discomfort showed significance after the intervention (p = 0,018). Numbness showed no significance. Balance showed significance in: Sharpened Romberg, left, eyes closed, eight weeks after intervention (p = 0,043). Sharpened Romberg, left, eyes closed, after the intervention (p = 0,027), eight weeks after intervention (p = 0,028). Standing on one leg, the right, eyes closed, after the intervention (p = 0,042), eight weeks after intervention(p = 0,027). No measurements showed deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results showed that treatment with short-wave diathermy, interference and balance training reduced pain, discomfort, numbness and partial improvements in balance in hand-foot syndrome. However, it is not possible to demonstrate which treatment component that affected the most. Further studies are needed to produce results more valid.</p>

Bakgrund: Hand-fot syndrom är en form av perifer sensorisk neuropati orsakad av cytostatikabehandling. Syndromet kan ge biverkningar såsom smärta, obehag, domningar, svullnad och nedsatt balans. Utvärderade behandlingsmetoder saknas. Syfte: Undersöka hur tolv veckors sjukgymnastisk behandling med långvågsdiametri, interferens och balansträning påverkar biverkningar i fot/underben orsakad av cytostatikabehandling hos sju patienter med hand-fot syndrom. Metod: Gruppstudie, kvasiexperimentell resultatstudie. Sju patienter deltog. Variabler som mättes var, smärta, obehag, domningar och balans. Tre mätningar utfördes, före, efter samt åtta veckor efter interventionen. Självrapporterad skattning och fysisk mätning användes. Resultat: Gruppens smärta, obehag och domningar minskade vid samtliga mätningar. För smärta visade mätning efter intervention samt åtta veckor efter signifikans (p=0,027), (p=0,042). Obehag visade signifikans efter interventionen (p=0,018). Domningar visade ingen signifikans. Balans visade signifikans i: Skärpt Romberg, höger, blundande, åtta veckor efter interventionen (p=0,043). Skärpt Romberg, vänster, blundande, efter interventionen (p=0,027), åtta veckor efter interventionen (p=0,028). Stående på ett ben, höger, blundande, efter interventionen (p=0,042), åtta veckor efter interventionen (p=0,027). Inga mätningar visade försämringar. Slutsats: Restultaten visade att behandling med långvårdsdiametri, interferens och balansträning minskade smärta, obehag, domningar och delvis förbättrade balans vid hand-fot syndrom. Dock går det inte att påvisa vilken behandlingskomponent som påverkat mest. Ytterligare studier behövs för att ge resultat större giltighet. / Background: Hand-foot syndrome is a form of perifier sensory neuropathy caused by chemotherapy. The syndrome can cause side effects such as pain, discomfort, numbness, swelling and impaired balance. Evaluated treatment is lacking. Purpose: Examine how twelve week physiotherapy treatment short-wave diathermy, interference and balance training affects side effects of the foot/lower leg caused by chemotherapy in seven patients with hand-foot syndrome. Method: Study group, quasi-experimental outcome study. Seven patients participated. Variables measured were, pain, discomfort, numbness, and balance. Three measurements were carried out, before, after, and eight weeks after the intervention. Self-reported estimates and the physical measurement were used. Results: The group's pain, discomfort and numbness decreased in all measurements. For pain measurement after the intervention and eight weeks after showed significance (p = 0,027),(p = 0,042). Discomfort showed significance after the intervention (p = 0,018). Numbness showed no significance. Balance showed significance in: Sharpened Romberg, left, eyes closed, eight weeks after intervention (p = 0,043). Sharpened Romberg, left, eyes closed, after the intervention (p = 0,027), eight weeks after intervention (p = 0,028). Standing on one leg, the right, eyes closed, after the intervention (p = 0,042), eight weeks after intervention(p = 0,027). No measurements showed deterioration. Conclusion: The results showed that treatment with short-wave diathermy, interference and balance training reduced pain, discomfort, numbness and partial improvements in balance in hand-foot syndrome. However, it is not possible to demonstrate which treatment component that affected the most. Further studies are needed to produce results more valid.

Sammandrag  I denna uppsats har grammatiskt processande och receptiv ordförståelse hos immigranter med svenska som främmande språk analyserats. Syftet har varit att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad mellan immigranter som läser på Svenska för invandrare (sfi) nivå 3C och Svenska som andraspråk 1 på gymnasiet (SVA) vad gäller deras processbarhetsnivå och receptiva ordförståelse. Syftet med arbetet har också varit att analysera huruvida vi kan se en tydlig korrelation mellan PT-nivå och den receptiva ordförståelsen när man analyserar de enskilda individernas resultat. Tio informanter från två olika undervisningsgrupper i Svenska för invandrare nivå 3C samt Svenska som andraspråk 1 har valts ut för en jämförande analys. Pienemanns processbarhetsteori (1998) har använts för att analysera informanternas processbarhetsnivå. Vidare har ett frekvensordtest (FOT-test) använts för att analysera informanternas receptiva ordförståelse. Studien visar att 30 % av alla informanter i sfi-gruppen når processbarhetsnivå fyra och fem. I SVA-gruppen är siffran 60 %. I sfi-gruppen har tre informanter över 80 % rätt på FOT-testet och tre stycken har under 50 % rätt. I SVA-gruppen har sex informanter över 80 % rätt på samma test och samtliga informanter över hälften rätt. På så sätt kan vi se hur informanternas processbarhetsnivå och resultatet på FOT-testet korrelerar med den studienivå informanterna befinner sig på. De informanter som befinner sig på processbarhetsnivå fyra och fem i båda grupperna har också bättre resultat på frekvensordstestet, 85 % rätt, jämfört med de informanter som befinner sig på processbarhetsnivå tre som har 60 % rätt. Studien visar på så sätt ett samband mellan processbarhetsnivå och receptiv ordförståelse hos de enskilda informanterna. Resultatet av undersökningen var inte oväntat. De informanter som befinner sig på en högre nivå i utbildningssystemet har helt enkelt bättre grammatisk förståelse och ordförståelse än de som befinner sig på en lägre nivå och de informanter som har nått de högsta nivåerna i sin processbarhet kan också fler ord. Undersökningen visar samtidigt att vissa, om än få, testdeltagare på sfi når bättre resultat än deltagare i SVA på båda testerna, vilket gör att vi inte kan dra några generella slutsatser om korrelationen mellan utbildningsnivå, grammatisk nivå och ordförståelsenivå med stöd i undersökningen.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Airborne instrumentation used during flight tests is being installed and maintained in a unique way by operational bomber testers from the Air Force’s 53d Wing. The ability of the flight test community to test on operational aircraft has always been somewhat curtailed by the need for advanced forms of instrumentation. Operational fighter flight test squadrons have aircraft assigned to them, which they modify on as needed basis, much the same as developmental testers. However, bomber operational test units must use operational aircraft to accomplish their mission as there are no bombers in the Air Force’s Air Combat Command (ACC) specifically set aside for operational tests. During test missions, these units borrow aircraft from operational bomb wings, and then return them to service with the bomb wing after testing is complete. Yet, the requirement for instrumentation on these test missions is not much different than that of developmental testers. The weapon system engineer’s typically require Mil-Std-1553, video, telemetry, and Global Positioning System (GPS) Time-Space-Position-Information airborne receiver recordings. In addition, this data must be synchronized with an IRIG-B time code source, and recorded with the same precision as the data gathered during development test and evaluation (DT&E). As a result, several techniques have been developed, and instrumentation systems designed for these operational test units to incorporate instrumentation on operational aircraft. Several factors hamper the usual modification process in place at bases such as Edwards AFB and Eglin AFB. Primary among these is the requirement to maintain the aircraft in an operational configuration, and still meet all of the modification design safety criteria placed on the design team by the aircraft’s single manager. Secondary to the list of restrictions is modification time. Aircraft resources are stretched quite thin when one considers all of the bomb wing’s operational commitments. When they must release an aircraft for test missions, the testers must insure that schedule impacts are minimal. Therefore, these systems must install and de-install within one to two days and be completely portable. Placing holes in existing structures or adding new permanent structure is unacceptable. In addition, these aircraft must be capable of returning to combat ready status at any time. This paper centers on the B-52 bomber, and the active aircraft temporary modifications under control of the 49th Test Squadron (49 TESTS) at Barksdale AFB in Louisiana. The B-52 presents unique design challenges all its own, in addition to the general restrictions already mentioned. This paper will present the options that the 49 TESTS has successfully used to overcome the aforementioned restrictions, and provide an appropriate level of specialized instrumentation for its data collection requirements.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-08-11T16:21:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CARMEM_ADRIANE_RIBEIRO_COMPLETO.pdf: 10653657 bytes, checksum: 202062d9c11f319c3ee5c536842c81a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T16:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CARMEM_ADRIANE_RIBEIRO_COMPLETO.pdf: 10653657 bytes, checksum: 202062d9c11f319c3ee5c536842c81a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research paper discusses about the photographic production of the Photo Klos studio in Panambi (RS) in the 1930s and 1940s. Founded in 1913 in Panambi in the Northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul by immigrant Wilhelm Adam Klos, the studio remains as venture family until the present day, accounting a century of existence. The time frame established by the survey corresponds to the period when Frieda Doeth Klos took over the administrative activities and photographic studio. The research aimed to understand the moments that involved the negotiation for the production of family images consumption and circulation of photographs. Besides consulting the private studio collection - pictures and documents - interviews and reproduction of the images to used in the study produced by glass negatives were also made. Among the results of the research it is said that the photographs were used as a means of legitimizing the family outside the local society and the family and friends far away, seeing that the most of those portrayed in the being twentieth century, who besides be remembered, sought through images demonstrate their material progress. / O presente trabalho de pesquisa problematiza a produ??o fotogr?fica do est?dio Foto Klos em Panambi (RS) nas d?cadas de 1930 e 1940. Fundado em 1913 em Panambi na regi?o Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul pelo imigrante Adam Wilhem Klos, o est?dio se mant?m como empreendimento familiar at? os dias atuais, contabilizando um s?culo de exist?ncia. O recorte temporal estabelecido pela pesquisa corresponde ao per?odo em que Frieda Doeth Klos assumiu as atividades administrativas e fotogr?ficas do est?dio. A pesquisa buscou entender os momentos que envolveram a negocia??o para a produ??o das imagens de fam?lia, o consumo e a circula??o das fotografias. Al?m da consulta ao acervo particular do est?dio - imagens e documentos -, tamb?m foram realizadas entrevistas e a reprodu??o das imagens utilizadas no trabalho a partir de negativos de vidro. Entre os resultados da pesquisa destaca-se que as fotografias foram utilizadas como forma de legitimar a fam?lia perante a sociedade local, familiares e amigos distantes, visto que a maioria dos retratados no in?cio do s?culo XX eram imigrantes ou descendentes, que al?m de serem lembrados, buscavam por meio das imagens demonstrar seu progresso material.

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med undersökningen var att ta ett första steg mot att skapa ett testbatteri, som objektivt kan mäta fotbollspelares tekniska prestationsförmåga med boll, samt konstruera en rad övningar som innefattar viktiga fotbolls-specifika tekniker och testa dessa övningars reliabilitet genom ”test-retest”. Syftet med studien var också att göra en jämförelse i prestation mellan varje spelares dominanta och icke-dominanta fot, från tillslagsövningar där båda fötterna används.   Metod: Tolv herrjuniorer (16-19 år) och sju damjuniorer (15-17 år) på elitnivå genomförde ett testbatteri bestående av totalt 21 övningar för mätning av de fotbollsspecifika teknikerna nick, mottagning, driva med boll samt tillslag. Åtta av männen (16-19 år) återgenomförde testbatteriet för utvärdering av testbatteriets reliabilitet. Korrelationen mellan vardera övningens testresultat från den första testomgången (test) och den andra testomgången (retest) bestämdes genom användandet av Pearsons korrelationskoefficienter (r). Skillnader i kvantifierad prestation mellan dominant och icke-dominant fot beräknades med hjälp av ett beroende t-test. Resultat: Fem av övningarna genererade signifikanta korrelationer mellan resultaten från de båda testomgångarna. Dessa övningar var: precisionsskott på stillaliggande boll med dominant fot (r=0,949), skotthastighet med dominant fot (r=0,734), mottagning med bröstkorgen av boll levererad i luften (r=0,743), samt övningarna rak sprint utan boll och rak sprint med boll där kvoten mellan de två sistnämnda övningarna visade på signifikant korrelation (r=0,805). I båda grupperna förelåg en signifikant skillnad i prestation mellan dominant och icke-dominant fot i övningarna; skotthastighet, långpass på marken samt upprepade tillslag. Herrjuniorerna uppvisade dessutom en signifikant skillnad i prestation i övningen skottprecision på studsande boll. Slutsats: Det ringa deltagareantalet gör att resultaten i studien bör tolkas med försiktighet. Studien visa dock att en objektiv utvärdering av flera fotbollsspecifika tekniker är möjlig och några av övningarna visade hög korrelation mellan test och retest. Då resultaten i vissa avseenden pekar på signifikanta skillnader i prestation mellan dominant och icke-dominant fot anser författarna att båda fötterna bör testas i utvärderingar av en spelares tekniska förmåga. / Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to create and evaluate a test battery, which in an objective way could measure a group of soccer players’ technical performance, and further, to create a series of exercises, which incorporate important soccer-specific techniques, and test the exercises for reliability through “test-retest”. The aim of the study was also to make a comparison between dominant leg and non-dominant leg in exercises where both feet were being used. Method: Twelve male elite junior players (age 16-19) and seven women junior players (age 15-17) underwent a test battery consisting of a total of 21 exercises to measure the soccer-specific techniques of heading, controlling, running with the ball, and touch of the ball. Eight of the men (age 16-19) underwent the test battery again in order to evaluate the reliability of the test battery (”retest”). The correlation between each exercise’s test result from the first test session (”test”) and the second test session (“retest”) was determined by the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r). The differences in quantified performance between dominant leg and second best foot non-dominant leg were calculated by the use of a paired t-test. Results: Five of the exercises showed significant correlation between the results from the two test sessions. These exercises were: dead ball precisionshot using best foot (r=0,949), shotspeed using best foot (r=0,734), controlling airborne ball with chest (r=0,743) and the exercises straight forward sprint without the ball and straight forward sprint with the ball from which the ratio between the two last mentioned exercises showed significant correlation (r=0,805). In both groups there were a significant difference in performance between best and second-best foot in the exercises of; shooting speed, ground long passing, and repeated touches. In addition, the male juniors showed a significant difference in performance in the exercise of shooting precision on bouncing ball. Conclusions: The low number of participants leads to the notion that the results of the study should be interpreted with precaution. The study however shows that an objective evaluation of several soccer-specific techniques is possible and that a couple of the exercises showed high correlation between ”test” and ”retest”. Since the results in some aspects point towards significant differences in performance between second-best foot and best foot, the authors’ opinion is that both feet should be tested in an evaluation of a soccer player’s technical ability.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HumbertoDA_DISSERT.pdf: 1369294 bytes, checksum: 4b7817dfceebc22263e36739d877c8f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Recently, planar antennas have attracted interest due to its characteristics as well as the advantages they offer compared to other types of antennas. In the area of mobile communications the need for such antennas has become increasingly intense due to development, which requires antennas that operate in multifrequency and broadband. The microstrip antennas have narrow bandwidth due to losses in the dielectric caused by irradiation. Another limitation is the radiation pattern degradation due to generation of surface waves in the substrate. Some techniques are being developed to minimize this bandwidth limitation, as is the case in the study of type materials PBG - Photonic Band Gap, to compose the dielectric material. The analysis developed in this work were performed with use of the method LTT - Transverse Transmission Line, in the field of Fourier transform that uses a component propagating in the y direction (transerve real direction of propagation z), thus treating the general equations of the fields electric and magnetic fields as a functions of y E and Hy . This work has as main objective the method LTT structures resonator line slot with four layers of material photonic PBG, for obtaining the complex resonant frequency and efficiency of this structure. PBG theory is applied to obtain the relative permittivity for the substrate biases sep compounds photonic material. Numerical-computational results in graph form in two dimensions for all the analysis are presented for the proposed structures that have photonic materials, as substrates / Recentemente as antenas planares tem despertado interesses devido as suas caracter?sticas e vantagens que oferecem quando comparadas com os demais tipos de antenas. Na ?rea de comunica??es m?veis a necessidade de antenas desse tipo, tem se tornado cada vez mais utilizadas, devido ao intenso desenvolvimento, que necessita de antenas que operem em multifrequ?ncia e em banda larga. As antenas de microfita apresentam largura de banda estreita devido ?s perdas no diel?trico geradas pela irradia??o. Outra limita??o ? a degrada??o do diagrama de irradia??o devido ? gera??o de ondas de superf?cie no substrato. Algumas t?cnicas est?o sendo desenvolvidas para minimizar esta limita??o de banda, como ? o caso do estudo de materiais do tipo PBG Photonic Band Gap, para compor o material diel?trico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a aplica??o do m?todo LTT ?s estruturas ressoadoras retangulares de fenda com quatro camadas de material fot?nico PBG, para a obten??o da freq??ncia de resson?ncia complexa e a efici?ncia de radia??o dessa estrutura. As an?lises desenvolvidas neste trabalho foram realizadas com utiliza??o do m?todo LTT Linha de Transmiss?o Transversa, no dom?nio da Transformada de Fourier que utiliza uma componente de propaga??o na dire??o y (transversa ? dire??o real de propaga??o z), tratando assim as equa??es gerais dos campos el?tricos e magn?ticos em fun??o de yEe yH. A teoria PBG ser? aplicada para a obten??o da permissividade relativa para as polariza??es s e p dos substratos compostos de material fot?nico. Resultados num?rico-computacionais s?o apresentados em forma de gr?fico em duas dimens?es para todas as an?lises realizadas para as estruturas propostas que tem como substratos, materiais fot?nicos

This thesis makes an analysis of price and terms of payment in the sales contract. Both elements are conceived in terms of legal framework and in terms of importance for the parties to an international sales contract. The theoretical part deals with the role of the sales contract in business relations, structure and legal norms of the international sales contract. The practical part includes an analysis of specific international sales contract.