Orientadores: Carlos Alberto Mantovani Guerreiro, Anamarli Nucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T20:29:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_SaraReginaMeira_M.pdf: 1985045 bytes, checksum: 7382226f3fd02932c72c91781601e4fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a função respiratória dos pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), através dos parâmetros de espirometria, pressão inspiratória máxima (PIM) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEM), gasometria arterial e oximetria de pulso, e monitorizá-los durante o período de 8 meses. O estudo foi de corte prospectivo e corte transversal na primeira avaliação. Participaram 16 pacientes com diagnóstico definido ou provável de ELA, em assistência regular e uso do riluzole. Critérios de exclusão: doenças pulmonares associadas, ventilação assistida, gastrostomia ou sonda alimentar. No corte longitudinal foi verificada significância estatística na evolução da pressão parcial de gás carbônico (PaCO2). No corte transversal foi verificada significância estatística na correlação entre as medidas: PIM e PEM; índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e PIM; IMC e PEM; oximetria de pulso e capacidade vital forçada; bicarbonato e PaCO2. Houve correlações importantes entre dispnéia (escala MDRS), qualidade de vida (questionário ALSQ 40) e percepção da saúde (escala SF36). Em pacientes com ELA de predomínio apendicular houve correlações entre parâmetros da espirometria, gasometria arterial e SF36. Concluiu-se que função pulmonar dos pacientes com ELA seguidos no período de 8 meses permaneceu na faixa de normalidade, apesar da amostra ser heterogênea com pacientes deambulantes e cadeirantes. A PaCO2 tendeu a ser parâmetro eficaz e significativo para avaliar o comprometimento respiratório. / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory function of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), using the parameters of spirometry, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), arterial blood gases and pulse oximetry, and monitor them during the period of 8 months. The study was crosssectional assessment in first evaluation and longitudinal prospective study. Sixteen patients with probable or defined ALS were selected. They were on riluzole and had regular attendance. Exclusion criteria were: associated pulmonary diseases, assisted ventilation, gastrostomy or feeding tube. In the longitudinal study partial arterial carbonic gas pressure (PaCO2) was a significant parameter to follow up disease evolution. In the cross-sectional study there was a significant correlation between: MIP and MEP; body mass index (BMI) and MIP; BMI and MEP; pulse oximetry and forced vital capacity; bicarbonate and PaCO2. There were significant correlations between dyspnea (MDRS scale), quality of life (questionnaire ALSQ 40) and health perception (SF-36 scale). In ALS patients with predominant apendicular onset there were correlations among the spirometry, arterial blood gases and SF36. The lung function in patients with ALS followed over 8 months remained in the normal range, although the sample was heterogeneous with outpatients and wheelchair users. The PaCO2 was shown to be an efficient and significant parameter in the measurement of respiratory impairment. / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Orientador: Ericson Batagin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T01:08:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lido_AlessandroVito_D.pdf: 2831589 bytes, checksum: 2f68fd40daf7194e03697f9f188576a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: As pneumoconioses são doenças respiratórias caracterizadas por fibrose pulmonar de caráter progressivo, irreversível e sem tratamento, consequentes à inalação de poeiras nos ambientes de trabalho. (CORN, 1980), (NIOSH, 2002). Com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações estruturais e funcionais dos pacientes portadores de pneumoconioses com grandes opacidades pulmonares foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo observacional dos pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de Medicina do Trabalho do HC-Unicamp no período de 1978 a 2008. Os critérios estabelecidos para o diagnóstico das pneumoconioses, neste estudo, seguem as recomendações estabelecidas pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT,2000), para a definição do diagnóstico. As grandes opacidades (GO) caracterizam-se como áreas homogêneas de consolidação, resultantes da confluência dos pequenos nódulos fibróticos com diâmetro igual ou maior que 10 mm. A casuística deste estudo partiu de um universo de 1.147 casos de pneumoconiose, diagnosticados neste serviço, destes 192 apresentaram grande opacidade pulmonar. Foram selecionados para este estudo o prontuário de 40 pacientes. O tempo médio de exposição a poeiras fibrogênica foi de 11 anos ±8, sendo 33 (88,2%) o sexo masculino e 7 (17,5 %) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 54 ±11 anos quanto queixas clássicas houve predomínio de dispensa em 30 (75%) pacientes. Identificamos 7 (17,5%) casos com antecedente de tuberculose pulmonar e 11 (27,5%) com doenças crônicas obstrutivas das vias aéreas inferiores. Em relação ao consumo tabágico, 23 (57,5%) tinham histórico de tabagismo e 17 (42,5%) nunca fumaram. s exames radiológicos foram classificados de acordo com a Organização Internacional o Trabalho (OIT, 2000) por 2 leitores experientes. Foram identificados 9 (25%) casos de grande opacidade do tipo A, 18 (50%) do tipo B, 9 (25%) do tipo C. Foi analisada a regressão da doença através do histórico radiológico de cada paciente. As tomografias computadorizadas de alta resolução foram interpretadas para identificar e quantificar as alterações estruturais do parênquima pulmonar. oram realizados testes de espirometria, da pletismografia e da capacidade de difusão o monóxido de carbono, para estudar os efeitos das grandes opacidades, bem como o tabagismo, a influência da tuberculose e o enfisema pulmonar. Em conclusão: os resultados a avaliação das alterações estruturais e funcionais dos pacientes com grande opacidade revelaram importantes correlações. Apesar de não haver significância estatística na categorização das grandes opacidades entre os métodos radiológicos, através da TCAR foi possível identificar 4 pacientes com grande opacidade não identificada através nas radiografias. Os resultados enfatizaram a importância clínica da PMF e sua associação com enfisema como determinantes da obstrução do fluxo aéreo. Ao contrário do tabagismo que não demonstrou associação significativa com as anormalidades das variáveis funcionais. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o enfisema nos pacientes com grande opacidade está relacionado com o aumento do espaço aéreo distal. A progressão das grandes opacidades ode ser considerada como um indicador da gravidade da doença. Observou-se uma relação significativa entre as variáveis VEF1%, VEF1/CVF, FEF 25-75% e Dco%, com as categorias das grandes opacidades, na qual as medias das variáveis funcionais são inversamente proporcionais ao aumento da categoria radiológica / Abstract: Pneumoconioses are respiratory diseases characterized by a pulmonary fibrosis of a progressive and irreversible nature, for which no treatment is available, resulting from nhaling dust in work environments. (CORN, 1980), (NIOSH, 2002). order to evaluate the structural and functional alterations in patients of pneumoconioses with large pulmonary opacities, an observational retrospective study of patients monitored by the Occupational Disease Outpatient Clinic of the University of Campinas Clinics Hospital, in the period from 1978 to 2008. The criteria established for the diagnosis of pneumoconioses in this study follow the recommendations established by the International Labour Organization (ILO, 2000) for determining a diagnosis. The large opacities (LO) are characterized as homogenous consolidation areas resulting from the confluence of small fibrotic nodules having a diameter of at least 10 mm. The casuistics of this study started from a universe of 1,147 pneumoconiosis cases, diagnosed in said service, 192 of which showed large pulmonary opacities. For this study the medical records of 40 patients were selected. The average time of exposure to fibrogenic dusts was 11 ±8 years, and 33 patients (88.2%) were male and 7 (17.5 %) were female. The average age was 54 ±11 years. The predominant complaint was dyspnea, by 30 patients (75%). We identified that 7 cases 17.5%) had an antecedent of pulmonary tuberculosis and 11 cases (27.5%) had chronic obstructive diseases of the lower airways. Regarding tobacco consumption, 23 patients (57.5%) had a history of smoking, whereas 17 (42.5%) had never smoked. Radiological exams were classified in accordance with the rules established by the International Labour Organization (ILO, Revision of 2000) by 2 experienced readers. The result was the identification of 9 cases (22.5%) of type A large opacity, 18 cases (45%) of type B, 9 cases (22.5%) of type C. he radiological progression was analyzed from the radiological history of each patient. High-Resolution CT (HRCT) scans were carried out in order to identify structural alterations and to classify the large opacities and the percentage of emphysema identified in he pulmonary parenchyma. Spirometry, pletismography and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity tests were carried out to study the effects of the large opacities, as well as of smoking and the influence of tuberculosis and pulmonary emphysema. Conclusion: The results of evaluations of structural and functional alterations in patients with large opacities disclosed important correlations. Although there is no statistical significance in the categorization of the large opacities among radiological methods, HRCT identified 4 patients with large opacity not identified by radiography. The results emphasize the clinical importance of Progressive Massive Fibrosis and its association with emphysema as determinants in air flow obstruction. Unlike smoking and tuberculosis sequels - which showed no significant association with the abnormalities of functional variables - the results of this study suggest that emphysema in patients with large opacities is related to an increase in distal air space. The progression of large opacities may be considered as an indicator of the seriousness of the disease. A significant correlation was observed between the variables FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75% and DLCO% and the large opacity categories, since the functional variable averages are inversely proportional to the increase in size of the opacities / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Orientador: Jose Antonio Rocha Gontijo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:40:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zapparoli_Adriana_D.pdf: 1386561 bytes, checksum: e5de578f0bd743d6a6096a06e580fa00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A angiotensina II pode contribuir com o distúrbio do metabolismo renal de sódio presente em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos. Inicialmente, o estudo atentou à possibilidade de envolvimento da expressão do supressor de sinalização de citocinas (SOCS-3) (técnica de Western blotting) em hipotálamo de SHR durante o desenvolvimento hipertensivo (método indireto para medida de pressão arterial). Segundo, pós-estimulação aguda i.c.v com angiotensina II, avaliou a dipsogênese, o ritmo de filtração glomerular (técnica de clearance de creatinina), o manuseio tubular renal de sódio (técnica de clearance de lítio) e potássio em SHR e WKy. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a estimulação central do receptor de angiotensina II e os seus efeitos dipsogênico e natriurético. A administração i.c.v de angiotensina II diminuiu o clearance de creatinina e, reciprocamente, aumentou a excreção tubular renal de sódio e de potássio nas duas linhagens, porém acentuadamente em WKy. Por outro lado, se comparada à diferença da expressão de JACK-2/SOCS-3 idade-dependente, a alteração da resposta funcional renal pós-estímulo intracerebroventricular com angiotensina II sugere uma disfunção das vias neurais existentes em animais SHR. As evidências supracitadas acrescentam à idéia existente na literatura que, a angiotensina II atuando no sistema nervoso central é um instrumento para regulação da homeostase do fluido corporal. Possivelmente, a resposta neural inapropriada resulte na inabilidade do manuseio hidrossalino e, conseqüentemente, colabore com o desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial em SHR. Palavras-chave: Hipertensão arterial, SNC, angiotensina II; SOCS-3; SHR; função renal; natriurese; clearance de lítio / Abstract: There is a surprising lack of experimental data on the renal sodium handle mechanisms induced by i.c.v injection of AngII in hypertensive animals. Thus, we hypothesized that a presumable blunted response to centrally injected AngII may contribute to sodium metabolism disturbances observed in SHR. The study was performed after acute i.c.v AngII administration on tubular sodium handling, evaluated by lithium clearance, in conscious, unrestrained rats and their sham-operated appropriate WKy controls. The present series of experiments were also designed to investigate the possible involvement of SOCS-3 expression in AngII-induced control of water ingestion in SHR hypothalamus. Our results confirm earlier reports on the potent natriuretic effects of central AngII receptor stimulation. The i.c.v application of AngII significantly decreased CCr and reciprocally promotes increased absolute and fractional excretion rates of sodium and potassium in both WKy and SHR animals. The magnitude of the renal response to AngII was significantly greater in WKy rats than in SHR. The enhancement of renal function following the centrally applied AngII in WKy rats as compared with SHR associated with age-related difference in JACK-2/SOCS-3 expression suggest that a dysfunction in the angiotensin neural pathways exists in SHR. Our findings lend further support to the idea that AngII in CNS is an instrumental in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis. Speculatively, it seems interesting to suggest that perhaps one of the CNS inappropriate AngII pathway response defects may result in inability of renal tubules to handle the hydrosaline balance, consequently may contributing with development of arterial hypertension in genetically hypertensive rats from Kyoto. Keywords: Arterial hypertension; central nervous system; angiotensin II; SOCS-3, SHR, kidney function; natriuresis; lithium clearance / Doutorado / Doutor em Farmacologia

INTRODUÇÃO: A asma caracteriza-se por aumento da responsividade das vias aéreas a variados estímulos, com consequente obstrução ao fluxo aéreo, de caráter recorrente e reversível espontaneamente ou sob tratamento. A sensibilidade a alergenos é um fator de risco importante para a asma, assim como o estresse físico e emocional. Há evidências da influência psicoemotiva no desencadeamento e agravamento da doença. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de sintomas de estresse emocional nos estudantes de curso pré-vestibular e sua possível associação com o surgimento ou agravamento dos sintomas da asma. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Uma amostra de estudantes de um curso pré-vestibular da cidade de São Paulo respondeu a um questionário sobre sintomas de asma, presença de fatores associados a asma e sintomas de estresse. Além disso, foram obtidas medidas de volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e medidas do pico de fluxo expiratório.Os dados obtidos foram tratados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: 85% dos estudantes foram classificados com escore alto de estresse emocional e 38% apresentaram sintomas de asma nos dois meses anteriores ao questionário. Há associação entre alguns sintomas de estresse (como sensação de fadiga e hipersensibilidade emocional) com sintomas de asma e parâmetros respiratórios. O teste de significância do coeficiente de Pearson mostrou correlações positivas significativas entre episódios de apatia e de sibilos nos últimos dois meses, entre sensação de fadiga e ocorrência de sibilos a qualquer tempo. Tanto a sensação de fadiga como a irritabilidade correlacionaram-se com o número de ocorrências de sibilos nesse período de dois meses. Modelos de regressão linear com significância estatística mostram ainda que entre esses indivíduos o pico de fluxo varia negativamente com o total de pontos no escore de sintomas de estresse e com o total de pontos nos fatores para asma. Além disso, encontrou-se uma alta prevalência de rinite alérgica nessa população de estudantes CONCLUSÂO: O estudo mostrou que alunos em fase pré-vestibular constituem uma população de alta prevalência de estresse emocional que se associa a sintomas de disfunção respiratória / BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by increased airway responsiveness to various stimuli, with consequent airflow obstruction, recurrent and reversible character spontaneously or under treatment. The sensitivity to allergens is an important risk factor for asthma, as well as the physical and emotional stress. There is evidence of psychological influence in triggering and worsening of the disease. AIMS: To assess the prevalence of emotional stress symptoms in pre-university course of students and their possible association with the emergence or worsening of asthma symptoms. METHODS: A sample of students from a pre-university course of São Paulo answered a questionnaire about symptoms of asthma, presence of factors associated with asthma and symptoms of stress. In addition, volume measurements were obtained in one second forced expiratory and measures peak flow expiratory. The data were treated statistically. RESULTS: 85% of students were classified with high scores of emotional stress and 38% showed symptoms of asthma in the two months preceding the survey. There is an association between some symptoms of stress (such as feelings of fatigue and emotional hypersensitivity) with symptoms of asthma and respiratory parameters. The significance test of Pearson\'s coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between episodes of apathy and wheezing in the past two months, between feelings of fatigue and the occurrence of wheezing at any time. Both the feeling of fatigue and irritability correlated with the number of occurrences of wheezing in that period of two months. Linear regression models with statistical significance also show that among these individuals the peak flow varies inversely with the total points on the stress symptoms score and the total score on the factors for asthma. In addition, we found a high prevalence of allergic rhinitis in this population of students CONCLUSION: The study showed that pre-university stage in students constitute a population with a high prevalence of emotional stress that is associated with symptoms of respiratory dysfunction

Orientadores: José Dirceu Ribeiro, Roberto Teixeira Mendes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:54:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_MarianaSimoes_M.pdf: 5739464 bytes, checksum: abb2c5783cd7efbdeabd6603cefc1e4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Os efeitos da obesidade na função pulmonar de crianças e jovens ainda não estabelecidos, havendo grande divergência na literatura. Além disso, não é claro o momento em que se inicia o comprometimento da função pulmonar pela obesidade e tampouco a relação desta alteração com o condicionamento físico. Objetivo: Avaliar a função pulmonar e o condicionamento físico de crianças e adolescentes obesos e compará-los com um grupo controle de indivíduos saudáveis. Método: Estudo transversal e analítico que incluiu 38 obesos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 17 anos e controles da mesma faixa etária. A função pulmonar dos participantes foi avaliada por meio da espirometria, que foi realizada segundo os padrões da American Thoracic Society (ATS) e da European Respiratory Society (ERS), e também pela Capnografia Volumétrica (CV). Os obesos repetiram as avaliações após o uso de broncodilatador. O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) foi utilizado para a avaliação do desempenho físico e sua realização seguiu os critérios da ATS. Resultados: Na espirometria, os obesos apresentaram capacidade vital forçada (CVF) significantemente maior do que os eutróficos (p=0,03) e valores significantemente menores no Índice de Tiffeneau (VEF1/CVF) (p<0,01) e em todos os fluxos expiratórios forçados (p<0,01), caracterizando distúrbio obstrutivo por fluxos em 36,8% dos obesos. Em relação à CV, os obesos apresentaram o volume minuto alveolar (VMalv) (p=0,04), o volume corrente (VC) (p=0,05), o volume corrente alveolar (VCalv) (p=0,02) e o volume produzido de dióxido de carbono (VCO2) (p<0,01) maiores do que os eutróficos, enquanto a relação entre o volume espaço morto e o volume corrente (VD/VC) (p=0,02) e o Slope da fase 3 corrigido pelo volume exalado (Slp3/Ve) (p=0,01) foi menor entre os obesos. A distância percorrida (DP) no TC6 foi significativamente menor no grupo obeso (p<0,01), apesar de realizarem um trabalho (T) maior para isso (p<0,01). As alterações na função pulmonar dos obesos não se correlacionaram diretamente com o desempenho no TC6. Entretanto, observou-se correlação entre a função pulmonar e as variáveis representativas do esforço durante o exercício. Conclusão: As crianças e adolescentes obesos apresentaram comprometimento da função pulmonar e do desempenho físico. Não se observou relação direta entre estes comprometimentos e sim associação da função pulmonar com mecanismos indicativos do esforço / Abstract: The effects of obesity in children and adolescents' lung function are not established, and there is a considerable disagreement in literature about this subject. Furthermore, it is not clear when the damages, caused by obesity, begin, neither the relation between lung function and the physical performance. Aim: To assess the lung function and the performance of obese children and adolescents and, to compare them with a control group of healthy subjects. Method: Cross-sectional and analytical study including 38 obese subjects, of both sexes, aged between 5 and 17 years old and control group at same age. Lung function was assessed by Spirometry, performed according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS), and also by Volumetric Capnography (VC). The obese group has repeated the procedures after bronchodilator (BD) use. The Six Minute Walk Test (6MW) evaluated the performance, and followed the ATS standards. Results: In spirometry, obese group had significantly higher forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.03) than the control group and significantly lower values in Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC) and in all forced expiratory flows (p<0.01), resulting in obstruction by the flows in 36.8% of obese group. Regarding VC, obese group had alveolar minute volume (VMalv) (p=0.04), tidal volume (VT) (p=0.05), alveolar tidal volume (VTalv) (p=0.02) and carbon dioxide volume (VCO2) (p<0.01) significantly higher than healthy group, and the relation between dead space volume and tidal volume (VD/VT) (p=0.02) and the phase 3 slope adjusted for exhaled volume (Slp3/Ve) (p=0.01) was significantly lower in obese group. Walked distance (WD) in 6MWT was significantly shorter in obese patients (p<0.01), despite performing greater work (W) for doing that (p<0.01). Obese changes in lung function did not correlated with the performance in 6MWT. However, there was correlation between lung function and variables which indicates the effort during exercise. Conclusion: Obese children and adolescents had lung function and performance damages. There were no relation between both damages and there was association between lung function and effort indicative tools / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Ciências

Previously, Whipp et. al. (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exerc. Physiol. 50(1):217-221, 1981) demonstrated the feasibility of determining four parameters of aerobic function, identified as maximum oxygen uptake (μVO_2), VO_2 at anaerobic threshold (θan), the time constant for oxygen uptake kinetics (rVO_2) and work efficiency (η), using a short duration ramped bicycle ergometer exercise test. Because of the importance of being able to measure these parameters on a variety of measurement instruments a short duration ramping treadmill protocol has been developed. The ability of this protocol to determine the four aerobic parameters has been validated against conventional methods. The results of this investigation indicate that μVO_2, θan, rVO_2 and, η may be obtained from a single, short-duration ramping treadmill test.

Audiologists are challenged with various neurological diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis. This disease causes demyelination of the white matter in the central nervous system resulting in desynchronisation of neural impulses. Despite controversy in the literature many studies illustrated some degree of auditory involvement associated with this disease. The auditory brainstem response has dominated the field during the assessment of the auditory system of patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Although this objective test procedure is useful during the assessment of the auditory nerve on a brainstem level, it reveals its own set of limitations when used in isolation as a single test procedure. A multiple test battery approach has shown promise in addressing the limitations of any single test procedure. This approach aims to assess the auditory nervous system of patients with Multiple Sclerosis on different levels (sensory and neural). The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of a clinically appropriate battery of test procedures during the assessment of the auditory nervous system of 25 adult subjects with Multiple Sclerosis. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of fifteen (15) subjects without a history of noise exposure, whereas the ten (10) subjects in Group 2 had previously been exposed to noise. A combined experimental-descriptive research design was selected in order to describe both the qualitative and quantitative results obtained during the study. The following test procedures were included in the test battery: • A self-assessment questionnaire allowing subjects to report on hearing abilities, related auditory-vestibular symptoms and communicative competence during every day life; • Puretone audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions as well as the cochlear microphonic; and • Auditory brainstem response recording using both the rarefaction and condensation click polarities consecutively. The results indicated that a high percentage of subjects experienced vestibular symptoms such as dizziness and vertigo by the time the study was conducted. The presence of tinnitus and hearing difficulties were uncommon among subjects. Despite this, more than half of the subjects experienced difficulty with communication in the presence of background noise. Puretone audiometry demonstrated that some of the subjects presented with mild high-frequency hearing losses. However other configurations with impaired hearing thresholds were also observed. Most of the subjects’ auditory brainstem response recordings displayed abnormalities using either the rarefaction or condensation click polarity. The use of the condensation click polarity displayed more ABR abnormalities compared to the rarefaction click polarity. Several subjects displayed additional cochlear involvement while a smaller percentage of subjects presented only with neural involvement. / Dissertation (M (Communication Pathhology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / unrestricted

Orientador: Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera Toro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T18:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_SuelendoCouto_M.pdf: 1358397 bytes, checksum: 9992e4af63587275f7ab021f9bb34023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A exposição intra uterina ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) pode levar a corioaminionite e déficit no desenvolvimento pulmonar. Há evidências crescentes de que muitas alterações possam persistir até a infância tardia ou mesmo até a idade adulta. Objetivo: Avaliar a função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes verticalmente expostas ao HIV e não infectados através de Espirometria e Capnografia Volumétrica (CapV), e comparar os resultados obtidos com grupos de crianças e adolescentes saudáveis e de infectados pelo HIV por transmissão vertical. Casuística e métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico, do tipo corte transversal, envolvendo crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 6 à 19 anos de ambos os sexos, que foram expostas verticalmente ao HIV e acompanhadas no Serviço de Imunodeficiência Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Todos os indivíduos realizaram espirometria e CapV. Três comparações foram feitas: pacientes filhos de mães HIV, mas não infectados pelo vírus HIV (Grupo I) pacientes infectados pelos vírus HIV sem doença pulmonar (Grupo II) indivíduos saudáveis (Grupo III). Os testes estatísticos foram: teste exato de Fisher, teste de Mann-Whitney, teste de Wilcoxon, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Comparações Múltiplas Não-paramétrico. Em todos os casos adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (p=0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos 122 indivíduos, destes, 24 eram pacientes filhos de mães HIV, mas não infectados pelo vírus HIV (Grupo I); 21 pacientes infectados pelos vírus HIV sem doença pulmonar (Grupo II) e 77 indivíduos saudáveis (Grupo III). A idade foi maior no Grupo II (14,9 ± 3,1) quando comparado ao Grupo I e ao Grupo III respectivamente (9,7 ± 2,3; 11,2 ± 1,7) p< 0,001. O z-escore da altura e do IMC foram significativamente menores nos pacientes do Grupo II (-0,72 ± 0,99; -0,50 ± 1,14) quando comparados ao Grupo I (0,65 ± 1,05; 0,56 ± 1,34) p <0,001. As variáveis VEF1% (p=0,007) e FEF25-75% (p=0,007) do Grupo I foram significativamente menores quando comparados ao Grupo III. Os resultados capnográficos não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos estudados.Em relação as variáveis espirométricas pré e pós broncodilatador, o Grupo I não apresentou nenhuma diferença. Já o Grupo II após broncodilatador apresentou maiores valores de VEF1% (p=0,014), de VEF1%/CVF% (p=0,025) e de FEF25-75% (p=0,001) que foram estatisticamente significativos. Houve redução nos valores do Slope 2 (p=0,004 e p=0,025) no Grupo I e no Grupo II respectivamente após broncodilatador. Conclusões: Os pacientes sororeversores (Grupo I), apresentaram valores espirométricos de VEF1, FEF 25-75 menores que os seus controles (Grupo III), porém não apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados aos pacientes com HIV (Grupo II). Portanto os pacientes filhos de mães infectadas pelo vírus HIV apresentaram volumes e fluxos alterados que podem ser secundários ao menor calibre da via aérea, mas dentro do padrão da normalidade. Os resultados capnográficos não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos estudados / Abstract: The intra uterine exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to corioaminionite and a lung development deficit. There is increasing evidence that many changes may persist until late childhood or even adulthood. Objective: To evaluate pulmonary function in children and adolescents vertically HIV-exposed and not infected by Spirometry and Volumetric Capnography (VC), and compare the results with groups of healthy children and adolescents and vertically HIV-infected. Patients and methods: Observational and analytical transversal cohort study, with children and adolescents aged 6-19 years of both genders who were vertically exposed to HIV and followed at Immunodeficiency Pediatric Clinical Hospital of the State University of Campinas, and a control group of healthy children. All subjects underwent spirometry and VC. Three comparisons were made: uninfected HIV children born of HIV-infected mothers (Group I) vs patients infected by the HIV virus without pulmonary disease (Group II) vs healthy subjects (Group III). The tests used were: Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test and the Test of Nonparametric Multiple Comparisons (TMC). In all cases we adopted the significance level of 5% (? = 0.005). Results: We included 122 individuals. Group I contained 24 patients; Group II contained 21 and Group III, 77 patients. The age was higher in Group II (14.9 ± 3.1) when compared to Group I and Group III respectively (9.7 ± 2.3, 11.2 ± 1.7) p <0.001. The z-score of height and BMI were significantly lower in Group II (-0.72 ± 0.99, -0.50 ± 1.14) when compared to Group I (0.65 ± 1.05; 0, 56 ± 1.34) p <0.001; p = 0,002. As variables FEV1% (p = 0.007) and FEF 25-75% (p = 0.007) in Group I were lower with statistically significant differences when compared to Group III. Capnographic results showed no statistically significant differences between studied groups. In comparison with the pre and post bronchodilator spirometry variables, Group I showed no difference. Group II showed higher FEV1% (p = 0.014), FEV1/FVC% (p = 0.025) and FEF 25-75% values (p = 0.001) which were statistically significant after bronchodilator. There was a reduction in slope 2 values (p = 0.004 and p = 0.025) in Group I and Group II respectively. Conclusions: The seroreverter patients (Group I) had spirometry FEV1, FEF 25-75 lower than their controls (Group III), but not significantly different when compared to HIV-patients (Group II). Therefore patients born to mothers infected with HIV had altered volumes and flows that may be secondary to the lower airway diameter, but within the normality standard. Capnographic results showed no statistically significant differences between the studied groups, because the patients are not sick and they do not show changes in the ventilation-perfusion relationship in the lung / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Ciências

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Les maladies neuromusculaires, sont susceptibles d’évoluer vers un syndrome restrictif. La faiblesse des muscles respiratoires ainsi que les déformations rachidiennes et thoraciques associées font entrer les patients dans un cercle vicieux qui aggrave progressivement le syndrome restrictif et mène les patients vers l’insuffisance respiratoire. À cette insuffisance respiratoire peuvent se rajouter d’autres facteurs comme la réduction chronique des mouvements de la cage thoracique, les perturbations du sommeil, le dysfonctionnement bulbaire et l’inefficacité de la toux. En conséquence, la dysfonction du système respiratoire peut être d’origine multiple et impose une évaluation précise et ciblée sur la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques pour chaque maladie non seulement pour proposer pour chacune un traitement adapté mais également pour apprécier les nouvelles thérapeutiques ciblées sur la réparation musculaire en émergence pour certaines pathologies neuromusculaires. Il parait donc nécessaire de mieux connaitre l’évolution de certaines pathologies, avec et sans les traitements classiques, et d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques de l’insuffisance respiratoire en combinant les outils classiques d’évaluation de la fonction respiratoire avec des nouvelles techniques d’évaluation qui pourraient être complémentaires.Cette thèse a, par conséquent, pour objectif de renforcer les connaissances sur les dysfonctions respiratoires de certaines pathologies neuromusculaires en utilisant des outils classiques d’évaluation et de proposer nouvelles méthodes d’exploration de la fonction respiratoire des patients neuromusculaires. Ainsi, nous avons exploité les données de deux filières de patients neuromusculaires suivies régulièrement : la Dystrophie Facioscapulohumérale (DFSH) et la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne de Boulogne (DDB). L’analyse de la DFSH nous paraissait importante car l’insuffisance respiratoire est très peu connue et décrite dans cette pathologie. Si, au contraire, l’évolution de la DDB est bien connue, l’effet de la ventilation noninvasive (VNI) sur l’évolution de la fonction respiratoire a été, en revanche, très peu décrit alors que de nouveaux essais thérapeutiques vont bientôt être proposés à ces patients, dont certains sont déjà sous VNI. Ensuite, pour mieux prédire le degré d’amélioration du syndrome restrictif qu’une thérapeutique de réparation musculaire pourrait potentiellement apporter, nous avons développé une mesure des volumes pulmonaires à l’aide d’une assistance des muscles inspiratoire et/ou expiratoire. Nous avons aussi développé et validé une méthode non-invasive et non-volitionnelle de mesure indirecte de la force du diaphragme, de manière à obtenir des résultats indépendants de la motivation du patient, à partir d’un examen indolore pour le patient.De ce fait, cette thèse a pu faire progresser les connaissances sur l’évolution de la fonction respiratoire de certaines pathologies neuromusculaires grâce à l’analyse des mesures classiques de la fonction respiratoire. Elle a aussi validé des nouvelles mesures d’explorations fonctionnelles indépendantes de la force volontaire du patient. / Neuromuscular disorders are liable to induce a restrictive syndrome. The weakness of respiratory muscles andthe associated spinal deformities lead the patients into a vicious circle, which progressively worsens the restrictivesyndrome and evolves into respiratory failure. This respiratory failure may be associated to additional factors such aschronic reduction of thoracic cage motion, sleep disordered breathing, bulbar dysfunction and ineffective cough. Therefore,dysfunction of respiratory system may have multiples origins and requires precise evaluations targeted on thecomprehension of the physiopathologic mechanisms for each disease, as they may not only allow to adapt specificallytreatment, but also to assess the new therapeutics targeted for muscle restoration that are emerging for some neuromusculardiseases. Accordingly, it is essential to acquire knowledge about the specific evolution of the different disorder, with andwithout classic treatments, and also to improve the understanding of the physiopathologic mechanisms of respiratoryfailure, combining the classic evaluation tools of respiratory function with new evaluation techniques which could provideadditional information.This thesis aims to increase the knowledge of respiratory dysfunction of some neuromuscular disorders using classicevaluation tools and also to propose new exploration methods of respiratory function for neuromuscular patients.Thus, we explored data of two specific neuromuscular disorders patients, regularly followed: FacioscapulohumeralMuscular Dystrophy (FSHD) and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The analysis of FSHD seemed important asrespiratory failure is not well known and described for this disease. On the other hand, while the evolution of DMD is wellknown, the impact of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on the evolution of respiratory function has been poorly described,whereas new therapeutic trials will be soon proposed to these patients, some of which are already under NIV.Next, to better predict the improvement of the restrictive syndrome that could be potentially obtained with muscle repairtherapies, we developed a measure of pulmonary volumes, using assistance for inspiratory and/or expiratory muscles.We also developed and validated a painless, noninvasive, non-volitional and indirect method of measurement of thediaphragmatic force, in order to obtain results independent of patients’ motivation.Hence, this thesis was able to advance knowledge of the evolution of respiratory function of some neuromuscular diseases,using traditional evaluation tools of respiratory function. Moreover, it validated new pulmonary function measuresindependent of patient’s voluntary efforts.