O reconhecimento da presunção de inocência não se mostra incompatível com a admissão da prisão e de outras medidas de caráter pessoal no curso da persecução penal. Assim como os demais direitos fundamentais, a presunção de inocência não se mostra absoluta ou insuscetível de restrições. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro admite intervenções legítimas no âmbito de proteção da presunção de inocência, submetendo-as ao controle da proporcionalidade e do conteúdo essencial dos direitos fundamentais. A proporcionalidade serve como limite das intervenções e desdobra-se nos pressupostos, requisitos extrínsecos e requisitos intrínsecos já explorados. O descumprimento de qualquer destes pontos revela a desobediência à regra da proporcionalidade e, com isto, o caráter ilegítimo da intervenção no âmbito de proteção da presunção de inocência. Esta análise pode ocorrer tanto da perspectiva abstrata, examinando-se a previsão normativa, como da perspectiva concreta, analisando a aplicação e a execução da norma / The recognition of the presumption of innocence is inconsistent with the admission of the prison and other measures of personal character in the course of criminal prosecution. Like other fundamental rights, the presumption of innocence does not show absolute and subject to no restrictions. The Brazilian legal system admits intervention legitimate in the context of protection of the presumption of innocence, places them under the control of proportionality and the essential content of fundamental rights. Proportionality serves as a limit of interventions and unfolds in the assumptions, requirements extrinsic and intrinsic requirements already explored. The breach of any of these seven elements reveals the disobedience to the rule of proportionality and, thus, the illegitimate nature of the intervention under protection of the presumption of innocence. This analysis can occur from both the abstract perspective, examining the legislative provision, as the concrete perspective, examining the implementation and enforcement of the standard.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-25T21:37:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaMorenoEverton.pdf: 666969 bytes, checksum: 268b9d23b09fb7d25c2e43b35b545bbd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T21:37:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaMorenoEverton.pdf: 666969 bytes, checksum: 268b9d23b09fb7d25c2e43b35b545bbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-27 / Research whose subject is the illegal immigrants workers in Brazil coming from South American countries. The migratory movements occurred by the development of the humanity and in Brazil there were periods that the flow of immigrants was intense and in other not so much. The migrations to the country coming from the borderer countries get importance in the 1950‟s. This movement has been intensified since 1970 and ever since the numbers have been increasing. The main destiny of the immigrants has been the sewing factories established in São Paulo. However, these immigrants have been entering, staying illegally, establishing themselves as unidentified or clandestine and working in conditions similar to slave work. This study had as aim analyzing the condition of vulnerability created by the illegality of the immigrant workers under the social and legal perspective. The immigrations occurred between the years 2000 and 2010. It was found that many immigrants had worked and lived in degraded conditions in the sewing factories setting offenses to the fundamental rights of the human. The Brazilian State has launched actions aiming opposing this disorder. The research was carried out from the issue verification, followed by the formulation of hypothesis about the reality of irregular immigrants and their vulnerability in order to conclude the existence of the situation and transgressions to the elementary rights of the human being. The research is set up in bibliographical research that includes historical, sociological, legal, demographical studies as well as investigations in publications of International Organisms as United Nations (UN), International Organization for Migration (IOM), International Labor Organization (ILO), and national government agencies such as Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego e Ministério da Justiça. The study also includes documental research in the Constituição Federal of 1988, laws, International Treaties and demographical data of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Centro Latino Americano de Demografia (CELADE). / Pesquisa cujo tema é os trabalhadores imigrantes ilegais no Brasil oriundos de países da América do Sul. Os movimentos migratórios confundem-se com o desenvolvimento da humanidade e no Brasil houve períodos em que o fluxo de imigrantes foi intenso e em outros nem tanto. As migrações para o país oriundas dos países limítrofes adquirem importância na década de 1950. Tal movimento se intensifica a partir de 1970 e desde então os números só tem crescido. O principal destino dos imigrantes tem sido as oficinas de costura sediadas em São Paulo. Ocorre que muitos deles têm entrado, permanecido no país de forma irregular, estabelecendo-se na condição de ilegais ou clandestinos e trabalhando em regime análogo ao de escravidão. Este trabalho teve como fulcro analisar a situação de vulnerabilidade gerada pela irregularidade dos trabalhadores imigrantes sulamericanos sob as perspectivas social e jurídica, ocorridas entre os anos 2000 a 2010. Foi constatado que muitos imigrantes trabalhavam e viviam em condições degradantes nas confecções configurando agressões aos direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana. O Estado brasileiro tem empreendido ações no intuito de combater tal mazela e de acolher os imigrantes. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da verificação do problema, seguida pela formulação de hipóteses sobre a realidade dos imigrantes irregulares e sua vulnerabilidade para se concluir pela existência da situação e agressões a direitos elementares ao ser humano. O estudo constitui-se em pesquisa bibliográfica que abrange estudos históricos, sociológicos, jurídicos, demográficos bem como estudos em publicações de Organismos Internacionais como a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), Organização Internacional para as Migrações (OIM), Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) e órgãos nacionais com o Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Ministério da Justiça e Ministério Público do Trabalho. O estudo abrange também a pesquisa documental na Constituição Federal de 1988, legislação infraconstitucional, Tratados Internacionais e dados demográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Centro Latino Americano de Demografia (CELADE).

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-07-19T17:58:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianoSardinha.pdf: 857421 bytes, checksum: a37f0947d197f14198495f7b4c7558b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T17:58:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianoSardinha.pdf: 857421 bytes, checksum: a37f0947d197f14198495f7b4c7558b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-04 / It analyzes access to justice as a fundamental right, which is also an essential condition for the realization of the other basic fundamental rights for a dignified human existence. It studies the historical development of the dimensions of fundamental rights and their characteristics in the national legal order. On the other hand, it verifies the restrictions on the effective exercise of access to justice that most compromise this right and jeopardize social harmony. A parallel is made between the philosophical theories of Ihering and Rousseau, in order to demonstrate that access to justice is the legitimate way of fighting for rights. It analyzes the extra-judicial services as an alternative to the effective access to justice, thus, it deals with the history and importance of notary and registry activity within striking civilizations, followed by an approach to the foundations and the principiological base that Legal and notarial law. At that time, it deals with extrajudicial procedures that are carried out by notaries and registrars, who guarantee access to justice and unclog the Judiciary. Methodologically allied with the bibliographic research with the analytical research of data of the report called "justice in numbers" of the National Council of Justice (CNJ). Thus, a qualitative analysis of the data of the report of the year 2016 will be carried out, carried out by the National Council of Justice, which brought for the first time the count of the procedural duration, demonstrating the average time it takes to complete a lawsuit Different judicial bodies, and also verified the percentage of conciliations that were carried out in the Judiciary. In this way, it will be possible to critically and constructively analyze the theory presented with the reality of access to justice in Brazil. / Analisa o acesso à justiça como direito fundamental, que também é condição essencial para a concretização dos demais direitos fundamentais básicos para uma existência humana digna. Estuda o desenvolvimento histórico das dimensões dos direitos fundamentais e as suas características na ordem jurídica nacional. Por outro prisma, verifica as restrições ao exercício efetivo de acesso à justiça que mais comprometem esse direito e colocam em risco a harmonia social. Faz-se um paralelo entre as teorias filosóficas de Ihering e Rousseau, no sentido de demonstrar que o acesso à justiça é a forma legítima de lutar-se por direitos. Analisa as serventias extrajudiciais como alternativa para a efetivação do acesso à justiça, sendo assim, trata sobre o histórico e a importância da atividade notarial e registral no seio de civilizações marcantes, em seguida, faz-se uma abordagem dos fundamentos e da base principiológica que embasa o Direito Notarial e Registral. Nesse compasso, trata sobre procedimentos extrajudiciais que são realizados por notários e registradores, que garantem o acesso à justiça e desobstruem o Poder Judiciário. Metodologicamente será aliada a pesquisa bibliográfica com a pesquisa analítica de dados do relatório denominado de “justiça em números” do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Assim, será feita pesquisa qualitativa de análise dos dados do relatório do ano de 2016, feito pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que trouxe pela primeira vez a contagem do prazo de duração processual, demonstrando o tempo que em média dura para a conclusão de uma demanda judicial em diferentes órgãos judiciais, sendo verificada também a porcentagem de conciliações que foram realizadas no Poder Judiciário. Dessa forma, será possível analisar de forma crítica e construtiva a teoria apresentada com a realidade do acesso à justiça no Brasil.

A presente tese tem como objeto o processo de incorporação dos direitos sexuais aos direitos humanos fundamentais, por meio de uma análise crítica da realidade social existente (no âmbito nacional e internacional), bem como das bases filosóficas subjacentes às posições divergentes sobre o tema, concluindo já estarem presentes, nos principais textos normativos de direitos humanos fundamentais, no âmbito das Nações Unidas, os mais importantes princípios éticos que se entendem aplicáveis à normatização do sexo pelo direito, em todos os níveis de governo, no atual estágio civilizatório, bem como propor balizas para a atuação, por parte dos poderes constituídos, com vistas à consolidação deste processo. / This paper intends to analyze the process of incorporation of sexual rights into the concept of fundamental human rights, by means of critically examining the existing social reality (international and local), as well as the underlying philosophical basis of the incompatible existing positions on the issue, concluding that the ethical principles applicable to the regulation of sex by law are already present in the main international human rights documents executed within the United Nations system, suggesting guiding principles, to all levels of government, in order to consolidate that process.

Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία εστιάζει στο κοινωνικό φαινόμενο του σχολικού εκφοβισμού καθώς και στη διάσταση του ως ζήτημα που άπτεται των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων του παιδιού, όπως προκύπτει από τις μορφές και τις συνέπειες αυτού. Σκοπός της ήταν η διερεύνηση των βιωμένων εμπειριών εκφοβισμού μεταξύ μαθητών που έχουν ζήσει οι εκπαιδευτικοί δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης του Ν. Αχαΐας. Η μελέτη στηρίχθηκε σε μία ποιοτική προσέγγιση με χρήση της ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης ως ερευνητικής μεθόδου, μέσω της οποίας επιχειρήσαμε να ανακαλύψουμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι ίδιοι οι εκπαιδευτικοί συγκροτούν τις αφηγήσεις τους για τα περιστατικά εκφοβισμού που έχουν βιώσει. Η ποιοτική ανάλυση των δεδομένων, που προέκυψαν από τις αφηγήσεις των εκπαιδευτικών, καταδεικνύει το γεγονός ότι αν και οι ομιλητές επιστρατεύουν τους κοινωνικοποιητικούς μηχανισμούς της οικογένειας, του σχολείου και της παρέας ως ταξινομητικά σχήματα οργάνωσης του φαινομένου, οι βιογραφίες τους αποτελούν τον πόρο από τον οποίο αντλούν για να οργανώσουν την αντιμετώπισή του. / The present work focuses on the social phenomenon of bullying and also on its aspect as a matter of fundamental rights of the child, as it appears from the forms and consequences. The aim of the research was to explore the lived experiences of bullying among students, who have proved the secondary school teachers of Achaia. The study was based on a qualitative approach using semi-structured interview as a research method, through which we attempted to investigate the way teachers compose their narratives through their stories about bullying they have experienced. The qualitative analysis of data that derived from the narratives of teachers shows that although the speakers employ their socialization mechanisms of family, school and peers as classifier organization schemes phenomenon, their biographies constitute the resource that derives from to organize the intervention at the bullying phenomenon.

On legal-philosophical grounds the constitutional protection of socio-economic rights has been the subject of much debate. The question is whether socio-economical rights should be protected by a constitution and, if so, to what extent. In this study a theological-ethical evaluation is done about socio-economical rights and the protection thereof. This is done by examining certain Biblical themes and parts of Scripture of the Old and New Testament. From this investigation it is clear that socioeconomical rights are very important human rights that must be protected as effectively as possible. Several points of view on the constitutional protection of socio-economical rights are investigated and evaluated. These points of view are based on legal-philosophical grounds and argue respectively against the constitutional protection of socioeconomical rights, the protection of socio-economical rights as directive principles and the protection of socio-economical rights as fundamental rights. From this investigation it is clear that in principle the constitutional protection of socioeconomical rights as fundamental rights is the most effective way to protect these rights. The current state of affairs with regard to socio-economical rights in the Constitution of South-Africa is also investigated and evaluated. From this investigation it is clear that the Constitution does protect certain socio-economic rights, but not all of them. The rights to labour, clothing and scientific progress do not occur in the Constitution. In principle the right to labour is a very important socio-economic right and it leads to the realization of other socio-economic rights. The Constitution of South Africa also has several measures in place to ensure the protection of socio-economic rights. In spite of these measures, the socio-economic rights in the Constitution remain little more than rights on paper. There state, private sector, church and each individual will still have to do a lot to ensure the protection of socio-economic rights in South-Africa. / Thesis (M.Th. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The main purpose of this study was to establish how effectively mediation was applied to advance learners‟ fundamental rights in English First Additional Language classrooms. The researcher did a literature study in Chapter Two to do research on the concept mediation. The researcher briefly looked at a variety of approaches to mediation before deciding to base her study on the twelve mediation principles of Feuerstein. The advantages gained by following a mediational approach while teaching learners could not be disputed. In Chapter Three, the researcher investigated which fundamental rights learners have at South African schools. A variety of legislation was studied before determining those Acts and the legislation applicable to learners‟ fundamental rights. The researcher then proceeded with her empirical design in which she discussed the quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection which were triangulated in order to make findings. The researcher ensured that both mediation and fundamental rights were tested in the questionnaires which were answered by educators and learners. Thereafter, three focus group interviews were held with the educators who had completed the questionnaires. Lastly, the researcher conducted six observations during English First Additional Language literature periods. In order to advance learners‟ fundamental rights while applying mediation during literature periods, the researcher developed a teaching and learning programme for poetry in Grade 11 English First Additional Language educators. Through the research it was found that educators neglect the application of mediation. This, unfortunately, results in detrimental effects concerning the advancement of learners‟ fundamental rights. / Thesis (PhD (Education Law))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

On legal-philosophical grounds the constitutional protection of socio-economic rights has been the subject of much debate. The question is whether socio-economical rights should be protected by a constitution and, if so, to what extent. In this study a theological-ethical evaluation is done about socio-economical rights and the protection thereof. This is done by examining certain Biblical themes and parts of Scripture of the Old and New Testament. From this investigation it is clear that socioeconomical rights are very important human rights that must be protected as effectively as possible. Several points of view on the constitutional protection of socio-economical rights are investigated and evaluated. These points of view are based on legal-philosophical grounds and argue respectively against the constitutional protection of socioeconomical rights, the protection of socio-economical rights as directive principles and the protection of socio-economical rights as fundamental rights. From this investigation it is clear that in principle the constitutional protection of socioeconomical rights as fundamental rights is the most effective way to protect these rights. The current state of affairs with regard to socio-economical rights in the Constitution of South-Africa is also investigated and evaluated. From this investigation it is clear that the Constitution does protect certain socio-economic rights, but not all of them. The rights to labour, clothing and scientific progress do not occur in the Constitution. In principle the right to labour is a very important socio-economic right and it leads to the realization of other socio-economic rights. The Constitution of South Africa also has several measures in place to ensure the protection of socio-economic rights. In spite of these measures, the socio-economic rights in the Constitution remain little more than rights on paper. There state, private sector, church and each individual will still have to do a lot to ensure the protection of socio-economic rights in South-Africa. / Thesis (M.Th. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

La multiplication des systèmes juridiques de protection des droits fondamentaux amène à repenser les théories classiques des rapports de systèmes. De nouveaux concepts viennent tenter de se substituer aux anciens, la notion d’hétérarchie tend ainsi à remplacer celle de la hiérarchie, la figure du réseau se substitue progressivement à la structure pyramidale. C’est dans ce mouvement que s’inscrit la protection équivalente des droits fondamentaux. Il s’agit d’un mécanisme jurisprudentiel mis en place dans le but de concilier les rapports entre les différents systèmes de protection des droits fondamentaux qui coexistent en Europe. Cette conciliation est permise lorsqu’il y existe une certaine convergence dans le niveau de protection de ces droits. De l’arrêt Solange II de la Cour constitutionnelle allemande en 1986, en passant par l’arrêt Bosphorus de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme en 2005 ou encore l’arrêt Arcelor du Conseil d’Etat français en 2007, la solution fondée sur la recherche de l’équivalence des protections, du fait de sa souplesse, se retrouve dans de nombreuses jurisprudences, avec des résultats variés. En effet, la souplesse induite par le caractère jurisprudentiel de la protection équivalente peut entrainer une certaine instrumentalisation de celle-ci, que ce soit au niveau de ces conditions de mise en œuvre ou de ces effets. Aussi, si la protection équivalente permet la mise en contact des différents systèmes de protection des droits fondamentaux, elle ne peut être encore perçue comme un véritable mécanisme d’articulation des rapports de systèmes. / The multiplication of legal systems in the field of the protection of fundamental rights leads to reconsider the classical theories of systemic relationships. New concepts intend to replace the former ones, heterarchy tries to substitute the idea of hierarchy, network replaces gradually the pyramidal structure. The equivalent protection of fundamental rights enters in this movement. Equivalent protection is a jurisprudential mechanism settled in the purpose of conciliating the relationships between the different legal systems of fundamental rights’ protection in Europe. This conciliation is allowed if there is a certain convergence in the level of protection of these rights. From the Solange II case of the German constitutional court in 1986, passing by the Bosphorus case of the European court of human rights in 2005, to Arcelor case of the French supreme administrative judge, the solution based on equivalent protection exists in several cases with different results. But the flexibility induced by the jurisprudential nature of equivalent protection can lead to a certain form of instrumentalization. As a result, if the equivalent protection is enable to establish the connection between the different legal systems of protection of fundamental rights, it still cannot be regarded as a true mechanism of legal systems articulation.

[pt] A Constituição da República de 1988 vedou expressamente a possibilidade de utilização de provas ilícitas no processo (art. 5º, LVI). Trata-se de direito fundamental positivado com estrutura de regra que não poderá ser flexibilizado pela incidência do princípio da proporcionalidade. O objetivo da dissertação é demonstrar que a aplicação do princípio da proporcionalidade, em matéria de vedação de utilização de provas ilícitas, destrói a força normativa da Constituição, convertendo a garantia fundamental em promessa vazia e inoperante. O trabalho também tem como meta demonstrar que a realização da justiça penal depende da verificação da ocorrência dos fatos que servem de suporte fático do preceito penal incriminador, mas essa atividade de verificação é sempre limitada, com vista à preservação de outros valores constitucionalmente tutelados. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica que indica as várias vertentes sobre o tema, que resulta na conclusão de que o princípio da proporcionalidade é inaplicável em matéria de provas ilícitas. / [en] The Republic Constitution of 1988 expressly forbade the possible use of illegal evidences in all proceedings (art. 5, LVI). This is a fundamental right – which has been positivised through a rule of structure - which cannot be loosened by the impact of the principle of proportionality. The goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate that the principle of proportionality, on the fence of use of illegal evidences, overthrows the normative power of the Constitution, it converts the fundamental guarantee into an empty promise and unable to be fulfilled. The work also aims to demonstrate that the implementation of criminal justice depends on the inspection of the occurrence of facts which really support and make possible to apply the penal incriminating precept, but such verification activity is usually restricted in order to spare other values which are also protected by the constitution. This is a literature research which aims to show the main strands the above theme, which brings as a conclusion that the principle of proportionality is inapplicable when illegal evidences are found in any proceedings.