Ce travail de recherche s'interroge sur les nouvelles formes de mobilisation sociale qui répondent à l'émergence des réseaux numériques et à la crise environnementale. Nous privilégions deux axes de compréhension épistémologique. Le premier basé sur la question de la technique au-delà de l'instrumentalité et le deuxième sur la notion d'écosophie. Notre réseau d'observation empirique est constitué par les collectifs mobilisés autour de la thématique écologique qui concerne les plus de trois cents rivières canalisées et enterrées dans la ville de São Paulo au Brésil, dorénavant visibles par le biais des dispositifs et des architectures numériques tels que les cartographies, audioguides, plateformes collaboratives, sites web et réseaux sociaux. À partir de l'immersion dans ces réseaux, nous essayons d'élargir notre regard sociologique compréhensif considérant le social non comme le terrain de jeu exclusif des humains, mais comme constitué par différents êtres et modes d'existence, notamment les objets techniques et les éléments et phénomènes naturels. Dans ce sens, nous proposons dans cette recherche la notion de mouvements-réseau afin de donner une forme à ces nouvelles mobilisations et associations caractérisées par l'hybridisme entre le territoire et les espaces urbains, environnementaux et techniques, ainsi que par le désir d'habiter autrement la Terre. / This research reflects on the new forms of social mobilization that emerge in response to the advent of digital networks and the environmental crisis. We value two epistemological axes. The first based on the question of technology beyond the instrumentality and the second on the notion of ecosophy. Our empirical observation network is formed by the groups mobilized around the environmental theme relating to the more than three hundred canalized and buried rivers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, henceforth visible through digital devices and architectures such as maps, audio guides, collaborative platforms, web sites and social networks. From the immersion in these networks, we try to expand our sociological view considering the social not as the field of exclusive human acting, but as consisting of different beings and modes of existence, including technical objects, natural elements and natural phenomena. In this sense, we propose in this research the concept of movements-network to give form to these new mobilizations and associations characterized by hybridity between the territory and urban, environmental and technical spaces, as well as the desire to dwell the Earth otherwise. / Esta pesquisa se questiona sobre as novas formas de mobilização social que respondem ao surgimento das redes digitais e à crise ambiental. Privilegiamos duas linhas de compreensão epistemológica. A primeira baseada na questão da técnica para além da instrumentalidade e a segunda na noção de ecosofia. Nossa rede de observação empírica é formada pelos coletivos mobilizados em torno da temática ambiental que concerne aos mais de trezentos rios canalizados e enterrados na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, doravante visíveis por meio de dispositivos e arquiteturas digitais, tais como mapas interativos, audioguias, plataformas colaborativas, sites e redes sociais. A partir da imersão nestas redes, tentamos expandir nossa visão sociológica compreensiva considerando o social não como o terreno de atuação exclusivo dos humanos, mas como composto por diferentes seres e modos de existência, incluindo os objetos técnicos e os elementos e fenômenos naturais. Neste sentido, propomos nesta pesquisa a noção de movimentos-rede a fim de dar uma forma a estas novas mobilizações e associações caracterizadas pelo hibridismo entre o território e os espaços urbano, ambiental e técnico, bem como pelo desejo de habitar a Terra diferentemente.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauro Lucio Ribeiro de Souza.pdf: 584519 bytes, checksum: b617b2489a299ce8ba36604b3ceb69bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Divine Requiem: God s death in Nietzsche s The Gay Science , aims at describing the path the philosopher took to certify and proclaim the greater of all events. It is in Section 125 of The Gay Science that a madman shouts in the market place that the nihilist society killed God . By replacing the divine figure by the human being, by annihilating the transcendence and affirming the immanence, he promotes the Requiem . The metaphors announced pointed out to the end of a world view that served as the basis for the Western world and had now come to an end. In Nietzsche s opinion, God s death represents the end of the supreme values, the end of the Jewish-Christian moral and the destruction of the Socratic-Platonic metaphysics. A caustic critic of moral and religion, Nietzsche found the key to the labyrinths, showing that both are detractors and deniers of life. For the German philosopher, it was Socrates and his disciple Plato who erected the metaphysics with the dichotomy between the real world and the fake world. However, Nietzsche tries to destroy with his hammering philosophy such paradigm, which obscured the Western world perception for millenniums. The Christian religion is also seen, in his sharp point of view, as a product of the Socratic-Platonic metaphysics, which exhorts the crowd s moral and resentment, therefore denying life as it is here and now, with its happiness and challenges, leading mankind to an after-world existence, a supra-sensitive world. The Christianism is the moral of decadency, according to Nietzsche. His hammer should destroy this world view and create another way to face existence. If God dies, the human being is left with the possibility to construct him/herself, to be sure of life, to accept it / O réquiem divino: a morte de Deus em A gaia Ciência de Nietzsche, objetiva mostrar o itinerário que o filósofo percorreu para constatar e decretar o maior de todos os acontecimentos. É no fragmento 125 de A gaia Ciência que um louco anuncia na praça pública que a sociedade niilista assassinou Deus . Ao substituir o divino pelo humano, ao aniquilar o transcendente e afirmar o imanente, ocorre o réquiem . As metáforas anunciadas apontam para o fim de uma cosmovisão que alicerçava o mundo ocidental e agora chegou ao fim. Para Nietzsche a morte de Deus representa o fim dos valores supremos, o fim da moral judaico-cristã e a destruição da metafísica socrático-platônica. Crítico mordaz da moral e da religião, Nietzsche desvendou os seus labirintos, revelando que ambas são detratoras e negadoras da vida. Para o pensador alemão, foi Sócrates e seu discípulo Platão que erigiram a metafísica com a sua dicotomia entre o mundo verdadeiro e o mundo falso; entretanto, Nietzsche procura destruir com a sua filosofia a marteladas esse paradigma que obscureceu o pensamento ocidental por milênios. A religião cristã também é vista na sua aguçada visão como um produto da metafísica socrático-platônica, que prega a moral do rebanho e o ressentimento, negando consequentemente a vida aqui e agora com suas alegrias e desafios ao direcionar a existência para um além-mundo, um mundo supra-sensível. O cristianismo é a moral da decadência. Seu martelo deve destruir essa cosmovisão e edificar uma outra forma de se posicionar frente a existência. Morrendo Deus, resta ao ser humano a possibilidade construir a si mesmo, de afirmar a vida, de dizer sim à vida

Analyzing stellar spectra plays a big role in understanding the evolution of our galaxy. Having good data for spectral line properties is very important when analyzing these spectra. One part of the Gaia-ESO public spectroscopic survey (GES) is to gather data for spectral line properties from stellar spectra. The scope of this project is to study one of these properties, the spectral line width caused by collisional broadening by hydrogen. Collisional broadening by hydrogen occurs when a hydrogen atom collides with a particle. The goal of this project is to successfully calculate the collisional spectral line broadening of iron lines where new data is missing from the GES using modern quantum mechanical calculations. These calculations are done using the ABO theory, which is more advanced than previously established theory.A table of Fe-I (Neutral iron) spectral lines without collisional broadening data in the GES has been provided. Using the ABO theory and the accompanying ABO cross section calculator code, estimates of collisional broadening by hydrogen have been calculated for these lines. The new calculations predict that the line width of the spectral lines are typically twice as large compared to older estimates calculated using simpler theory. This new data can be expected to improve stellar spectrum analysis in the Gaia-ESO survey spectra. / Analys av stjärnspektran spelar en stor roll i vår förståelse av vintergatans utveckling. Att ha bra data för spektrallinjers egenskaper är oerhört viktigt vid analys av dessa spektran. En del i Gaia-ESO public spectroscopic survey (GES) är att samla in data för dessa spektrallinjers egenskaper ur stjärnspektran. Omfattningen av detta projekt innefattar att titta närmare på en av dessa egenskaper, spektrallinjebreddning orsakad av kollisionsbreddning av väte. Kollisionsbreddning av väte uppstår när en väteatom kolliderar med en annan partikel. Målet med projektet är att med framgång beräkna kollisionsbreddningen av spektrallinjer från järn där ny data saknas ur GES genom att använda moderna kvantmekaniska beräkningar. Dessa beräkningar är gjorda med den så kallade ABO-teorin, vilken är mer avancerad än tidigare etablerade teorier. En tabell med Fe-I (neutralt järn) spektrallinjer utan kollisionsbreddningsdata i GES har tillhandahållits. Med hjälp av ABO-teorin och den medföljande ABO-tvärsnittsräknar-koden har beräkningar av kollisionsbreddning med väte utförts för dessa linjer. De nya beräkningarna förutser att spektrallinjernas bredd blir typiskt två gånger så stor jämfört med de äldre beräkningarna gjorda med enklare teori. Denna nya data kan förväntas att förbättra analysen av stjärnspektrum ur Gaia-ESO kartläggningen.

The Milky Way has undergone several mergers with other galaxies during its lifetime. The mergers have been identified via stellar debris in the Halo of the Milky Way. The practice of mapping these mergers is called galactic archaeology. To perform this archaeologic inspection, three stellar features must be mapped: chemistry, kinematics and age. Historically, the latter has been difficult to determine, but can today to high degree be determined through asteroseismology. Red giants are well fit for these analyses. In this thesis, the red giant HE1405-0822 is completely characterized, using spectroscopy, asteroseismology and orbit integration, to map its origin. HE1405-0822 is a CEMP-r/s enhanced star in a binary system. Spectroscopy and asteroseismology are used in concert, iteratively to get precise stellar parameters, abundances and age. Its kinematics are analyzed, e.g. in action and velocity space, to see if it belongs to any known kinematical substructures in the Halo. It is shown that the mass accretion that HE1405-0822 has undergone has given it a seemingly younger age than probable. The binary probably transfered C- and s-process rich matter, but how it gained its r-process enhancement is still unknown. It also does not seem like the star comes from a known merger event based on its kinematics, and could possibly be a heated thick disk star. / Vintergatan har genomgått flera sammanslagningar med andra galaxer under sin livstid. Dessa sammanslagningar har identifierats genom rester av stjärnor i Vintergatans Halo. Arbetssättet för att kartlägga dessa sammanslagningar kallas galaktisk arkeologi. För att kunna göra en arkeologisk undersökning krävs tre egenskaper hos de undersökta stjärnorna: kemi, kinematik och ålder. Historiskt sett har den sistnämnda varit svår att bestämma, men kan idag bestämmas med hög precision m.h.a. asteroseismologi. Röda jättar lämpar sig väl för dessa analyser. I denna uppsats undersöks den röda jätten HE1405-0822. Den kartläggs helt m.h.a. spektroskopi, asteroseismologi och bananalys. HE1405-0822 är en CEMP-r/s-förhöjd stjärna i ett binärt system. Spektroskopi och asteroseismologi används tillsammans, iterativt, för att få precisa stjärnparametrar, kemiskt innehåll och ålder. Dess kinematik analyseras, t.ex. i verkan- och hastighetsrummet, för att se om den tillhör någon känd kinematisk substruktur i Halon. Det visas att massöverföringen som HE1405-0822 genomgått har gett den en skenbart yngre ålder än vad som är troligt. Denna binära kompanjon har troligtvis övertfört C- och s-process-rikt material, men hur den fick sin mängd r-processämnen är fortfarande okänt. Det verkar inte som att stjärnan kommer från någon tidigare kartlagd sammanslagning baserat på dess kinematik, och skulle kunna vara en stjärna med upphettad kinematik från Vintergatans tjocka disk.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender o sentido que Nietzsche confere ao riso no interior de seu pensamento. Para tanto, foi preciso considerar o riso à luz do conceito de vontade de potência, de modo a determinar o aspecto sob o qual Nietzsche o interpreta e o motivo pelo qual esse riso é digno de seus investimentos filosóficos. Deste modo, partimos com a noção de que o riso se exprime como um juízo avaliativo: atitude valorativa que, no caso da valoração nobre, manifesta (e quer) aumento de forças. A partir desse primeiro tópico, analisamos o conceito de gaia ciência [alegre saber], apresentado em livro homônimo, com o qual o riso se irradia pelo pensamento e se torna um fator imprescindível diante das questões e tarefas a que Nietzsche se coloca. Aqui, o riso atua como páthos afirmativo e efeito da elevação de potência; os pensamentos a ele correspondentes são igualmente afirmativos, o que, por sua vez, permite um vigor filosófico para a crítica radical dos valores. A idiossincrasia desse riso de Nietzsche, se vê, pois, realçada quando o cotejamos com temas tais como a linguagem, o estilo, a crítica e o conceito de tartufesco. Com efeito, a partir de tais considerações procuramos esboçar algumas linhas acerca da relação do riso com a ideia do além-do-homem, bem como compreender a inovação que Nietzsche promove na história do pensamento filosófico sobre o riso. / The present dissertation aims to comprehend the meaning that Nietzsche gives to laughter within his thought. Therefore, it was necessary to accept laughter under the concept of will to power in order to precise the aspect in witch Nietzsche interprets it and the motive that makes laughter worthy of his philosophical investments. Thus, we start with the notion of laughter as an evaluative judgment, an evaluative attitude, which in the case of noble valuation, manifests (and wants) increase of forces. From this topic, we analyzed the concept of a gay science(presented in the eponymous book); in witch, laughter became an important factor regarding the issues that Nietzsche arise. Here, laughter works as an affirmative páthos and effect of an elevation of power, the thoughts related to laughter are correspondingly affirmative, which in turns allows a philosophical strength towards the radical critics of values. The idiosyncrasy of Nietzsches laughter highlights when collated with themes as language, style, critics and the concept of tarffufe. Indeed, from these considerations we may be able to outline a conclusion on laughters relation with the idea of overman, and understand the innovation that Nietzsche promotes on the history of philosophical thought about laughter.

In this thesis, the reliability of small wind turbines is studied. Both conventional reliability analysis methods and the novel Bayesian models (Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling (BHM)) are used to analyse the reliability performance of the Gaia-Wind turbines / assemblies and components of the Gaia-Wind turbine. In Chapter 2, a simple failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is conducted. An approximated risk priority number (RPN) is calculated for each failure mode and assembly. The assembly that is identified to have the highest RPN is the "Rotor and Blade Assembly". As for the failure modes, "Blade Split" and "Generator Failure" failure modes are identified to have the highest RPNs. In Chapter 3, the conventional methods including the Kaplan-Meier Analysis, Weibull Plot Analysis, Homogeneous Poisson Process (HPP) Analysis, and Crow-AMSAA (Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP)) Analysis are used to study the reliability performance of the generic turbine and the critical assemblies based on the approximated RPNs. By using these conventional methods, the L10 life can be approximated (Kaplan-Meier), the main failure modes of an assembly can be identified (Weibull Plot Analysis), the annual failure rate can be estimated (HPP), and the number of future failures can be predicted (NHPP). These methods have been implemented in a novel on-line interactive platform, named ReliaOS (Chapter 7), which effectively facilitates the process of converting the information in the warranty record to the meaningful reliability information. Three novel BHM models are proposed and implemented in WinBUGS (an open source software), namely the repair model, the environmental model, and the informative prior framework, (Chapter 5 and Chapter 6). The repair model is used to quantify the repair effectiveness of a generic repair action. The model is applied on both the turbine level as well as the component level. At the turbine level, the annual failure rate of the generic turbine is predicted to be 0:159 per turbine per year at the first year. Individual turbines can be categorised into different quality levels ("Good", "Good- Normal", "Normal", "Normal-Bad", and "Bad") based on the predicted annual failure rate values. At the component level, "Blade split", "Cracked Frame", and "Generator Failure" failure modes are studied. These are the most critical failure modes for "Rotor and Blade Assembly", "Tower, Foundation, and Nacelle", and "Generator" assemblies respectively. "Cracked Frame" failure mode is predicted to have the lowest characteristic life and a slightly increasing failure rate trend. The repair effectiveness of the "Cracked Frame" failure mode is identified to be slightly ineffective. The environmental model quantifies the influence of three environmental covariates, i.e. AverageWind Speed (AWS), Turbulence Intensity (TI), and Terrain Slope (TS). These environmental covariates are all identified to have negative impact to the reliability of the generic turbine, where TI and AWS have more pronounced impact than TS. The informative prior BHM framework offers a way of quantifying the reliability of the drivetrain frame (which corresponds to the "Cracked Frame" failure mode) in a situation where zero failure instance is recorded for the new drivetrain frame design. This is achieved by jointly considering the simulation results from SOLIDWORKS as the prior information into the BHM model. This thesis strives to understand the reliability performance of the Gaia-Wind small wind turbine from different perspectives, i.e. the generic turbine, individual turbines, and the components, by the use of conventional methods and the proposed BHM models. The novel on-line reliability platform, ReliaOS, mitigates the difficulties in converting the information in the data to the reliability information for the end users. It is believed that the proposed BHM models and the ReliaOS on-line reliability analysis platform will improve the reliability analysis of small-wind turbines.

I present a comprehensive investigation of fast stars in the Milky Way, from brisk disc stars to stars escaping the Galaxy. My thesis is that fast stars are the smoking guns of extreme stellar collisions and explosions, and so can act as an intermediary to studying these theoretically-unconquered astrophysical processes. In Chapter 1 I give a history of fast stars, address what it means for a star to be fast, and describe the processes that accelerate stars. I concisely summarise the Gaia mission, whose recent data releases heavily influenced this thesis. Supernovae in binary systems can fling away the companion; if a runaway companion can be associated with a supernova remnant, then together they reveal the evolution that led to the supernova. However, these associations are difficult to establish. In Ch. 2, I develop a sophisticated Bayesian methodology to search the nearest ten remnants for a companion, by combining data from Gaia DR1 with a 3D dust-map and binary population synthesis. With Gaia DR2, I will identify companions of tens of supernova remnants and thus open a new window to studying late-stage stellar evolution. It is unknown why 17% of B stars are spinning near break-up; these stars are termed Be stars because of emission lines from their ejected material. Their rapid spin could be due to mass transfer, but in Ch. 3 I show this would create runaway Be stars. I demonstrate using a hierarchical Bayesian model that these exist in sufficient numbers, and thus that all Be stars may arise from mass transfer. The stars escaping the Milky Way are termed hypervelocity stars. In Ch. 4, I overturn the consensus that the hypervelocity stars originated in the Galactic centre by showing that a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) origin better explains their distribution on the sky. In Ch. 5 I present three ground-breaking hypervelocity results with Gaia DR2: 1) only 41 of the 524 hypervelocity star candidates are truly escaping, 2) at least one of the hypervelocity stars originates in the LMC, and 3) the discovery of three hypervelocity white dwarf runaways from thermonuclear supernovae.

Nesta dissertação procuramos mostrar o valor acrescentado dos SIG quando arquitetados e construídos de raiz numa perspetiva sistémica para um fim específico. Neste caso em concreto utilizamos a nossa questão de partida - definição de áreas geográficas homogéneas para a distribuição de enfermeiros de família para a Unidade de Saúde Familiar (USF) da Nova Via pertencente ao Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde de Espinho/Gaia - para construir um suporte de gestão adaptado a uma Unidade de Saúde Familiar.

L'étude des astéroïdes croisant les orbites planétaires met en œuvre en particulier l'astrométrie, la constitution puis l'exploitation de bases de données d'observations et enfin la modélisation dynamique. Dans ces trois domaines, la recherche du maximum de précision est un gage de solidité des résultats que l'on peut ensuite appliquer à des études spécifiques. Dans un premier temps, je dresserai un état de l'art sur notre connaissance des astéroïdes orbitant à proximité de la Terre : les géocroiseurs. J'y présenterai les différentes familles dynamiques, la statistique de découverte ainsi que les différents types d'observations effectuées. Puis, je développerai une section consacrée au modèle dynamique utilisé en présentant les différentes forces pouvant agir sur les géocroiseurs. Je terminerai enfin cet état de l'art par une section dédiée à la détermination et la propagation d'orbite. Je présenterai dans un deuxième chapitre une étude dynamique des astéroïdes géocroiseurs à travers l'exemple de astéroïde (99942) Apophis. J'y développerai les aspects liés à la sensibilité de son orbite ainsi qu'une étude détaillée de la géométrie et de la dynamique de la rencontre proche entre Apophis et la Terre en 2029. Je mettrai l'accent sur les "trous de serrure" (keyhole), terminologie nécessaire à notre compréhension et interprétation des risques de collision avec la Terre. J'exposerai pour clore ce chapitre l'apport de nouvelles observations (optiques et radars) sur la précision de son orbite à court et à long terme. Enfin, je présenterai dans une troisième partie, l'apport d'observations spatiales pour l'orbite d'Apophis à travers la mission Gaia. J'exposerai, dans ce même chapitre, la méthode utilisée pour la détermination d'orbite pour des objets nouvellement découverts par Gaia à partir de deux observations et d'une stratégie de suivi à partir de la Terre. Je mettrai un accent particulier sur la synergie de données sol et espace pour les objets du Système Solaire.

<p>Sammanfattning, max 25 rader. :</p><p>Denna rapport utreder möjligheten till att ta in stora mängder data in i en databas och göra sammanslagningar. Detta för att sedan skicka en mängd data på ett smidigt sätt till en klient som ska bearbeta datat. Arbetet sträcker sig från databas till ett API möjligt att implementera i en applikation som önskar hämta informationen. Arbetet innebär en intelligent hämtning av data för visualisering. Det är ett av två examensarbeten som ligger till grund för en visualisering av försäljningsdata för sportbutikskedjan Stadium AB. Stadium AB har idag ca 80 butiker, vilket innebär en stor försäljning per vecka. Tanken är att detta ex-jobb tillsammans med det parallellt gående ex-jobbet ska vara till hjälp för Stadium AB vid inköp av produkter till nästkommande säsonger. Det ex-jobb som löpte parallellt med detta visualiserar mängden av produkter som säljs för en viss tidpunkt vilket ger Stadium möjlighet att se vilka tidpunkter de har för lite produkter i butiken samt när de har för mycket produkter. Detta ex-jobb ska förse visualiseringsapplikationen med den information som krävs. Sales Data Provider, som applikationen heter, bygger på en datalager lösning som grund. Den innehåller beräknade försäljningsdata på olika nivåer för att lätt kunna gräva sig ner i hierarkin och se information om hur olika produkter säljer. Som transportmedel från datalager till klient använder den Web Services med XML som media, för att möjliggöra en distans mellan datalager och klient. Dessutom innehåller den en logisk klient som tar hand om alla anrop mot Web Servicen och exponerar ett API som visualiseringsapplikationen kan använda sig av. Klienten innehåller både logik för att hämta data från Web Servicen och att exponera data genom en objektmodell.</p>