Global ETD Search

61	Archéologie galactique : contraintes observationnelles aux modèles de formation du disque épais Kordopatis, Georges 13 October 2011 (has links) (PDF) L'archéologie galactique consiste à retrouver les signatures fossiles des accrétions passées de la Voie Lactée, grâce à l'identification et la caractérisation des populations stellaires qui composent notre Galaxie. Le but de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre la formation du disque épais de notre Galaxie, en se basant sur ∼700 spectres stellaires de basse résolution, obtenus dans le proche infra-rouge. Les outils et méthodes développés au cours de ce travail serviront au traitement et à l'interprétation future des données de la mission Gaia, qui collectera des spectres dans une configuration semblable à celle de l'échantillon observé. Se basant sur les algorithmes de paramétrisation spectrale automatique MATISSE et DEGAS, une procédure de traitement des spectres combinant de façon optimale ces deux approches a été proposée, afin d'estimer les paramètres atmosphériques des étoiles (température effective, gravité de surface, métallicité globale). Nous avons également déterminé les distances et positions galactocentriques des cibles, grâce à des modèles d'évolution stellaires, et nous avons effectué une caractérisation cinématique complète de l'échantillon. Les cibles appartenant au disque mince, disque épais et halo ont été sélectionnées, afin de caractériser chacune de ces sous-structures. Il a été trouvé que celles-ci sont bien des populations distinctes, caractérisées par des distributions chimiques et cinématiques différentes. De plus, les résultats ont montré que les propriétés du disque épais loin du voisinage solaire ne différaient que très peu de celles mesurées localement. Sans pour autant exclure de façon définitive des gradients verticaux intrinsèques dans le disque épais, les tendances en vitesse de rotation orbitale et en métallicité qui ont été mesurées ont pu être expliquées comme une transition continue du rapport entre les différentes composantes galactiques. De plus, une corrélation entre la vitesse orbitale de rotation et la métallicité a été détectée. Ce gradient suggère qu'une migration radiale des étoiles à partir des rayons internes de la Galaxie ne peut pas être le processus dominant ayant formé le disque épais. Enfin, les estimations des échelles de hauteur et de longueur du disque épais en fonction de la métallicité, ainsi que la distribution en excentricité de ces étoiles, ne montrent pas de signatures de reliques d'un satellite massif accrété. Au vu de ces résultats, un scénario de formation du disque épais, basé sur plusieurs fusions mineures de galaxies satellites semble être privilégié. Enfin, les outils développés pour cette étude ont également été utilisés sur près de 2300 spectres observés vers le pôle sud galactique, ainsi que sur plus de 1200 cibles du satellite CoRoT. Les résultats qui en découlent ont permis d'imposer de nouvelles contraintes radiales et verticales sur les structures galactiques. Méthodes : spectroscopie Méthodes: paramétrisation automatique Galaxie : disque épais Galaxie : évolution Galaxie : cinématique Étoiles :Gaia Étoiles : abondances
62	Earth Matters: Religion, Nature, and Science in the Ecologies of Contemporary America Levine, Daniel 16 September 2013 (has links) Earth Matters examines the relationships between alternative religion in North America and the natural world through the twin lenses of the history of religions and cultural anthropology. Throughout, nature remains a contested ground, defined simultaneously the limits of cultural activity and by an increasing expansion of claims to knowledge by scientific discourses. Less a historical review than a series of fugues of thought, Earth Matters engages with figures like the French vitalist, Georges Canguilhem, the American environmentalist, John Muir; the founder of Deep Ecology, Arne Næss; the collaborators on Gaia Theory, James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis; the physicist and New Age scientist, Fritjof Capra; and the Wiccan writer and activist, Starhawk. These subjects move in spirals throughout the thesis: Canguilhem opens the question of vitalism, the search for a source of being beyond the explanations of the emerging sciences. As rationalism expands its dominance across the scientific landscape, this animating force moves into the natural world, to that protean space between the city and the wild and in the environmental thinkers who initially moved along those boundaries. As the twentieth century moves towards a close, mechanistic thinking simultaneously reaches heights of success previously unimagined and collapses under the demand for complexity posed by quantum physics, by research in genetic interactions, by the continued elusive relationship of mind to health. This allows the wild to return inside through the internalization of consciousness sparked by the American New Age, but also provides a new model to understand the natural world as complex zone open to a wide variety of strategies, including the multiplicities of understanding offered through contemporary neopaganisms. Earth Matters argues for the necessity of the notion of ecology, both as an environmental concern but also as an organizing principle for human thought and behavior. Ecologies are by their nature complex and multi-variegated things dependent upon the surprising and unpredictable interaction of radically different organisms, and it is through this model that we are best able to understand not only ourselves but also our communities and our efforts to make sense of the external world. Comparative Religion Environmentalism Ecology Paganism Neo paganism Science and Religion Alternative Religion Cultural Anthropology Nature Georges Canguilhem John Muir Arne Næss Deep Ecology Vitalism Gaia James Lovelock Lynn Margulis Fritjof Capra Starhawk Wicca Mary Midgley
63	Being and earth : an ecological criticism of late twentieth-century French thought Dicks, Henry January 2010 (has links) No description available. 194
64	Gaïa : hypothèse, programme de recherche pour le système terre, ou philosophie de la nature ? / Gaia : hypothesis, research program for the Earth system, or philosophy of nature ? Dutreuil, Sébastien 02 December 2016 (has links) Cette thèse est une enquête d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences sur l'hypothèse Gaïa (HG) proposée par Lovelock et Margulis dans les années 1970. L'examen historique de l'élaboration d'HG et de sa très riche réception dans diverses disciplines scientifiques (climatologie, biogéochimie, géochimie, biologie de l'évolution, écologie et sciences de la complexité) et au sein des mouvements environnementalistes nous conduit à montrer qu'une ambiguïté majeure sur le statut d'HG grève la littérature : qu'est-ce qu'HG ? Nous montrons qu'HG a été considérée tantôt comme une hypothèse, tantôt comme une théorie, tantôt comme un programme de recherche, tantôt comme une philosophie de la nature. Chacune de ces lectures est ensuite examinée. Nous proposons une caractérisation épistémologique et historique d'HG montrant qu'HG ne doit pas être interprétée comme une hypothèse devant être confrontée de manière directe aux faits, mais comme une théorie élaborée avec des modèles. Nous clarifions alors le rôle et le statut méthodologique des modèles et théories d'HG ainsi que les concepts et hypothèses fondamentales qui les sous-tendent. La reconnaissance de Gaïa comme un système constitué des vivants et de l'environnement avec lequel ils interagissent a été l'origine de la constitution d'un nouveau programme de recherche: les sciences du système Terre. Nous proposons une histoire et une caractérisation de ce programme, repérons les déplacements philosophiques qu'il a opérés à propos des concepts de vie, d'environnement et de nature puis analysons les liens entre les conceptions que Lovelock a de Gaïa et les prescriptions environnementales qu'il a prononcées au nom de Gaïa. / The Gaia hypothesis (GH) proposed in the 1970's by Lovelock and Margulis is here analyzed from a history and philosophy of science perspective. The historical analysis of GH's elaboration and rich reception across various disciplines (climatology, biogeochemistry, geochemistry, evolutionary biology, ecology and complexity sciences) and within environmentalist movements leads me to argue that a major ambiguity plagues the relevant literatures: what is GH? I show that GH has been considered as a hypothesis, as a theory, as a research program, or as a philosophy of nature. Each of these interpretations is then analyzed. An epistemological and historical characterisation of GH shows that GH should not be interpreted as a hypothesis which ought to be confronted directly to empirical facts, but as a theory elaborated with models. I elucidate the methodological role and status of GH's models and theories before clarifying the concepts and expliciting the fundamental hypotheses underlying these models and theories. The recognition of Gaia as a system constituted of living organisms and the environment with which they internet led to the constitution of a new research program: the Earth system sciences. I offer a history and a characterisation of this research program, specify the philosophical shifts it brought about concepts such as life, the environment and nature and I analyze the relationships between Lovelock's conceptions of Gaia and the environmental prescriptions he pronounced in the name of Gaia. Hypothèse Gaïa Science du système Terre Biogéochimie Pseudo-science Épistémologie de la modélisation Philosophie de la nature Humanités environnementales Gaia hypothesis Earth system sciences Biogeochemistry Pseudo-science Epistemology of modelling Philosophy of nature History and philosophy of earth science Environmental humanities 100 572
65	Cooperative Apocalypse : Hostile Geological Forces in N. K. Jemisin’s The Broken Earth Trilogy Stenberg, Felicia January 2020 (has links) In this thesis I explore the place of the human in the Anthropocene, and our relationship to the Earth through an analysis of N. K. Jemisin’s The Broken Earth trilogy. As the trilogy depicts an apocalyptic landscape where the Earth has sentience and humanity is divided into three subspecies, this work of speculative fiction lends itself well to be interrogated and examined as an allegory for our current climate crisis. The analysis is anchored in posthumanism and employs a variety of concepts, such as Bruno Latour’s work on agency and deanimation, Donna Haraway’s Chthulucene, and Amitav Ghosh’s work on speculative fiction among others. I argue that The Broken Earth trilogy illustrates that the Earth is an agentive network that can no longer be ignored and contend that the trilogy complicates both anthropocentrism and individualism by depicting amplified versions of human beings, and in doing so highlights the arbitrary boundaries between both nature and society, and human and nonhuman. Thus, The Broken Earth trilogy can be read as a warning call for a future to be avoided at all costs, while concurrently be used to make sense of the incomprehensibility of our contemporary era. The Broken Earth trilogy N. K. Jemisin Bruno Latour Agency ANT Geostory Donna Haraway Chthulucene Sympoeisis Become-with Response-Ability Anthropocene Anthropocentrism Posthumanism Climate Fiction Collectivism Gaia Theory Amitav Ghosh. Specific Literatures Litteraturstudier General Literature Studies Litteraturvetenskap
66	Beskouings oor volhoubare ontwikkeling en die krisis in die natuur Treurnicht, Stephanus Philippus 30 June 2004 (has links) Text in Afrikaans / During the last few decades the need existed for a new framework to give direction to development and ecological thought in respect of the sustaining of nature in order to place development and ecological thought within the limits of nature. However, development thought and the debate relating to nature are to some extent still treated in theory and practice as two separate entities. One of the current challenges for sustainable development is to reconcile the development and ecological branches of this debate. The thesis firstly explains the origin and characteristics of sustainable development. Secondly, the crisis in nature is discussed, followed by a discussion of the most important ecological views relating to sustainable development. Then issues in development thought that relates to sustainable development is discussed, as well as the changing emphasis in development thought that stimulated the growth of sustainable development. The mainstream development view, as the other main branch of sustainable development thinking, is then discussed. In conclusion, some issues relating to the operationalisation of sustainable development is discussed. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingstudies) Sustainable development Development thought Ecological integrity Gender imbalances Indigenous knowledge systems Participatory rural appraisal Participatory learning and action Global warming Erosion Pollution Economic growth Specie imbalances Specie loss Deep ecology Shallow ecology Eco-feminism Social ecology Co-evolution Technocentrism Alternative development Gaia 333.7 Sustainable development Nature conservation Conservation of natural resources Ecological integrity Participatory rural appraisal
67	Asteroseismic inferences from red-giant stars Themeẞl, Nathalie 28 September 2018 (has links) No description available. 530 Physik (PPN621336750) asteroseismology red-giant stars data analysis eclipsing binary system open cluster solar-like oscillations stellar interior stellar evolution photometric time series of data stellar fundamental parameters binary analysis isochrone fitting stellar modelling global oscillation parameters asteroseismic scaling relations grid-based modelling Gaia distances ground-based photometry ground-based spectroscopy Kepler space mission power density spectrum ensemble study light curve analysis
68	Beskouings oor volhoubare ontwikkeling en die krisis in die natuur Treurnicht, Stephanus Philippus 30 June 2004 (has links) Text in Afrikaans / During the last few decades the need existed for a new framework to give direction to development and ecological thought in respect of the sustaining of nature in order to place development and ecological thought within the limits of nature. However, development thought and the debate relating to nature are to some extent still treated in theory and practice as two separate entities. One of the current challenges for sustainable development is to reconcile the development and ecological branches of this debate. The thesis firstly explains the origin and characteristics of sustainable development. Secondly, the crisis in nature is discussed, followed by a discussion of the most important ecological views relating to sustainable development. Then issues in development thought that relates to sustainable development is discussed, as well as the changing emphasis in development thought that stimulated the growth of sustainable development. The mainstream development view, as the other main branch of sustainable development thinking, is then discussed. In conclusion, some issues relating to the operationalisation of sustainable development is discussed. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingstudies) Sustainable development Development thought Ecological integrity Gender imbalances Indigenous knowledge systems Participatory rural appraisal Participatory learning and action Global warming Erosion Pollution Economic growth Specie imbalances Specie loss Deep ecology Shallow ecology Eco-feminism Social ecology Co-evolution Technocentrism Alternative development Gaia 333.7 Sustainable development Nature conservation Conservation of natural resources Ecological integrity Participatory rural appraisal
69	Terrestrial Reorientation of Managing - Blockchain Projects - for Sustainability Storm, Joe January 2022 (has links) This thesis is a post qualitative inquiry that explores a different research approach concerning climate change and what Bruno Latour calls the Terrestrial. We are now living in a New Climatic Regime or locked-down age, according to Latour, where life continues – yet is ever more suspended and disorienting. This frozen image of modern life is drawn in our new landscape – that is political, organizational and it concerns terrestrial sustainability – along with an emerging worldview (of Gaia) that is challenging to understand and manage for. It also reorients how we are managing sustainability and what we connect to it. This new landscape – that is also a mapping of dominant trajectories for organizing and Terrestrial reorientation with the world – is traversed, extended, and explored with two blockchain projects for sustainability. The projects are organizing their own currency for putting-on-chain, tokenizing, or attaching to nature, carbon and other actors. The key coordinates and blockages of this new landscape for sustainability are also drawn from these two cases – mapping their organizing trajectories and Terrestrial reorientation. The research and writing of this inquiry gathers with Terrestrial earth-bound movement for managing, living and organizing in connection with the common world for habitability. Climate change management post qualitative inquiry Bruno Latour sustainability organization blockchain economy Gaia Terrestrial New Climatic Regime Philosophy Filosofi Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Other Humanities not elsewhere specified Övrig annan humaniora Övrig annan samhällsvetenskap
70	DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL PASSADO O SÉCULO XX: ESTABLECIMENTO DE PARÂMETROS DE APLICAÇÃO Alves de Menezes Quintela, Emídio Jorge 01 September 2015 (has links) [EN] The present work aimed to study Sustainable Development. It was studied the topic, its significance, why its appearance and its current state. A timeline was elaborated with key events and historical milestones of the theme. The theme was analyzed in its main aspects. It was questioned the various problems that have arisen and that hinder the success of its appliance. It was investigated what was being done and what can be improved. New hypotheses and perspectives were thrown up to address the issue and to implement more successfully and effectively trying to overcome the main problems that have been encountered in its implementation. Parameters for implementation of Sustainable Development were established. It was concluded that there is much work to be done in this area, that more tools can be created, that it may be a greater sharing of information and that are missing more open discussions of the problems that are being placed. The parameters that were developed are useless if they are not known and shared and applied in everybody's daily life. This poses a challenge to each and every one of the inhabitants of our blue planet. To this end it was developed an online platform for sharing of these parameters, as well as an application that helps and advises on the best ways to successfully implement Sustainable Development. / [ES] El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio el desarrollo sostenible. Se ha estudiado el tema, su significado, el porqué de la aparición del concepto de desarrollo sostenible y su estado actual. Para ello se ha elaborado un cronograma con los principales eventos e hitos históricos del tema, que ha sido analizado en sus principales vertientes. Se han cuestionado también los diversos problemas que surgen y dificultan el éxito de su aplicación, investigando lo que se está haciendo en el área y lo que se puede mejorar, planteando nuevas hipótesis y perspectivas para abordar la temática y para implementarla con más éxito y eficacia, e intentando solventar los principales problemas que han aparecido durante su implementación. Por otra parte se han establecido parámetros para la aplicación del desarrollo sostenible. Las primeras conclusiones a las que se ha llegado es que existe mucho trabajo por llevar a cabo en esta área, que se pueden crear más herramientas al efecto, que la información puede estar más compartida y que podría y debería haber más discusiones abiertas sobre los problemas que se nos plantean. Los parámetros que han sido elaborados de nada sirven si no se comparten y divulgan, así como si no se aplican en nuestro día a día. El desafío está lanzado para todos y cada uno de los habitantes de este nuestro planeta azul. Con este propósito se ha desarrollado una plataforma on-line desde donde se pueden compartir estos parámetros, así como una aplicación que ayuda e informa sobre las mejores prácticas para implementar con éxito el desarrollo sostenible. / [CA] El present treball té com a objecte d'estudi el desenvolupament sostenible. S'ha estudiat el tema, el seu significat, el perquè de l'aparició del concepte de desenvolupament sostenible i el seu estat actual. Per a açò s'ha elaborat un cronograma amb els principals esdeveniments i fites històriques del tema, que ha sigut analitzat en els seus principals vessants. S'han qüestionat també els diversos problemes que sorgeixen i dificulten l'èxit de la seua aplicació, investigant el que s'està fent en l'àrea i el que es pot millorar, plantejant noves hipòtesis i perspectives per a abordar la temàtica i per a implementar-la amb més èxit i eficàcia, i intentant solucionar els principals problemes que han aparegut durant la seua implementació. D'altra banda s'han establit paràmetres per a l'aplicació del desenvolupament sostenible. Les primeres conclusions a les quals s'ha arribat és que existeix molt treball per dur a terme en aquesta àrea, que es poden crear més eines a aquest efecte, que la informació pot estar més compartida i que podria i deuria haver-hi més discussions obertes sobre els problemes que se'ns plantegen. Els paràmetres que han sigut elaborats de gens serveixen si no es comparteixen i divulguen, així com si no s'apliquen en el nostre dia a dia. El desafiament està llançat per a tots i cadascun dels habitants d'aquest nostre planeta blau. Amb aquest propòsit s'ha desenvolupat una plataforma on-line des d'on es poden compartir aquests paràmetres, així com una aplicació que ajuda i informa sobre les millors pràctiques per a implementar amb èxit el desenvolupament sostenible. / Alves De Menezes Quintela, EJ. (2015). DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL PASSADO O SÉCULO XX: ESTABLECIMENTO DE PARÂMETROS DE APLICAÇÃO [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54115 / TESIS Desarrollo sostenible Informe Brundtland Crisis Ecología Economía Sociedad Cultura Medio ambiente Ecosistemas Naturaleza Especies Gaia Aglomerations urbanas Humanidad Comportamiento Política Eco-fatiga Huella Desafíos Contaminación Recursos Limitaciones Límites Apatía Religiones Control de la natalidad Pobreza Desigualdades Globalización Extinción Gestión Educación Responsabilidad Conciencia Ecodiseño Anticonsumismo Sostenibilidad Comunicación Equilibrio Mundial Iguales Respeto Valores Justicia Reciclaje Transformación Cambios Sistemas Reglamentos Planeta Tierra Agua Clima Energía Conferencias Protocolo de Kyoto Naciones Unidas Greenpeace Hombre Parametros Calentamiento global Océanos Aire DIBUJO

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