‘Women are supposed to be in the kitchen and take care of the children while men earn the money and go “job-hunting”.’ – Statements like this have been common in a lot of countries, cultures and families for many decades now. However, the world is constantly changing and so are the circum-stances the two sexes live in. During the last 20 to 30 years there has been a drastic change concern-ing the newly opened possibilities for females to enter leadership positions. The questions that come to our mind immediately when hearing those readings are such as: • What factors does a certain leadership style depend on? • Could there also be other reasons beside the gender aspect why humans react in a certain way? • What attributes and characteristics are required from today’s leaders? Although there are many more questions that can be asked regarding this topic, the ones mentioned above, which make up the research questions of this study, seem to be the most important ones. Following an inductive research process, empirical material was gathered through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. This collected information and the shared experiences are the representative data in this particular thesis from male and female leaders in different companies/organizations and various environments concentrating on our two home countries Sweden and Germany. Supported by a theoretical framework which consists of theories, books and articles of many well-known au-thors, especially the studies by the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the reader will get a wider knowledge of the empirical data. A separate chapter about the depending leadership styles and the ‘condition-theory’ by Immanuel Kant will help to explain certain behaviours by male and female leaders as well as describe the rea-sons why our society sees the leaders’ characteristics the way it does. The conditions that are relevant in this thesis are about the attitudes, soft skills such as communication aspects, attributes being used to describe daily situations as well as personal features of current and future leaders in prospect of career chances and risks. The following thesis aims for a clearer picture and greater awareness of particular settings and should be beneficial for current and future leaders from both sexes in all kinds of environments as well as people who work together with leaders frequently to gain a better understanding of their behaviours and decisions. Last, but not least there will be a part with a general review as well as personal reflections upon this topic and suggestions for further and future research areas besides the analysis of the whole thesis work.

This thesis analyzes women&rsquo / s status in the Russian Federation in the period after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Yeltsin&rsquo / s reforms radically changed the quality of political, economical and social aspects of Russian life. Yeltsin&rsquo / s period together with the policies of the subsequent governments proved to be mostly detrimental to women&acute / s status in the country. Women have become the ones who suffered most from the instability and lawlessness of the transition period. This study discusses increasing gender inequality and gender asymmetry in economy, politics and in social realms in post-Soviet Russia and examines the transformation of women&rsquo / s role and status in this period

This research focussed on the following issues: • The underrepresentation of female teachers in educational management posts • The teacher's perception of intrinsic promotional barriers. The investigation into the female teacher's perception of intrinsic promotional barriers as reason for her underrepresentation, was based on a study of available literature. Her femininity and female attitudes are held responsible for her underrepresentation. Documented intrinsic perceptions are • sex roles and sex-role typing • sex-role socialisation • societal stereotyping • psychological expectations • motivation and career expectations • role conflict. The female teacher's perception of intrinsic.barriers, as identified by the study, was empirically verified by means of a structured questionnaire. The study concludes with a summary, deductions and recommendations drawn from the research. Intrinsic promotional barriers that are experienced by the female teacher, include: • Sex roles and the influence of sex-role typing • Role conflict. Intrinsic promotional barriers that were not widely experienced by female teachers were: • Sex-role socialisation • Societal stereotyping • Psychological expectations • Motivation and career expectations. The recommendations were that the principles of equality and non-discrimination should be reinforced, the use of "educator" instead of "teacher" encouraged and an enquiry into extrinsic barriers to promotion, followed by the implementation of a management development programme. / Thesis (MEd)--PU for CHE, 1998

This research focussed on the following issues: • The underrepresentation of female teachers in educational management posts • The teacher's perception of intrinsic promotional barriers. The investigation into the female teacher's perception of intrinsic promotional barriers as reason for her underrepresentation, was based on a study of available literature. Her femininity and female attitudes are held responsible for her underrepresentation. Documented intrinsic perceptions are • sex roles and sex-role typing • sex-role socialisation • societal stereotyping • psychological expectations • motivation and career expectations • role conflict. The female teacher's perception of intrinsic.barriers, as identified by the study, was empirically verified by means of a structured questionnaire. The study concludes with a summary, deductions and recommendations drawn from the research. Intrinsic promotional barriers that are experienced by the female teacher, include: • Sex roles and the influence of sex-role typing • Role conflict. Intrinsic promotional barriers that were not widely experienced by female teachers were: • Sex-role socialisation • Societal stereotyping • Psychological expectations • Motivation and career expectations. The recommendations were that the principles of equality and non-discrimination should be reinforced, the use of "educator" instead of "teacher" encouraged and an enquiry into extrinsic barriers to promotion, followed by the implementation of a management development programme. / Thesis (MEd)--PU for CHE, 1998

<p>‘Women are supposed to be in the kitchen and take care of the children while men earn the money and go “job-hunting”.’ – Statements like this have been common in a lot of countries, cultures and families for many decades now. However, the world is constantly changing and so are the circum-stances the two sexes live in. During the last 20 to 30 years there has been a drastic change concern-ing the newly opened possibilities for females to enter leadership positions. The questions that come to our mind immediately when hearing those readings are such as:</p><p>• What factors does a certain leadership style depend on?</p><p>• Could there also be other reasons beside the gender aspect why humans react in a certain way?</p><p>• What attributes and characteristics are required from today’s leaders?</p><p>Although there are many more questions that can be asked regarding this topic, the ones mentioned above, which make up the research questions of this study, seem to be the most important ones.</p><p>Following an inductive research process, empirical material was gathered through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. This collected information and the shared experiences are the representative data in this particular thesis from male and female leaders in different companies/organizations and various environments concentrating on our two home countries Sweden and Germany. Supported by a theoretical framework which consists of theories, books and articles of many well-known au-thors, especially the studies by the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the reader will get a wider knowledge of the empirical data.</p><p>A separate chapter about the depending leadership styles and the ‘condition-theory’ by Immanuel Kant will help to explain certain behaviours by male and female leaders as well as describe the rea-sons why our society sees the leaders’ characteristics the way it does. The conditions that are relevant in this thesis are about the attitudes, soft skills such as communication aspects, attributes being used to describe daily situations as well as personal features of current and future leaders in prospect of career chances and risks.</p><p>The following thesis aims for a clearer picture and greater awareness of particular settings and should be beneficial for current and future leaders from both sexes in all kinds of environments as well as people who work together with leaders frequently to gain a better understanding of their behaviours and decisions.</p><p>Last, but not least there will be a part with a general review as well as personal reflections upon this topic and suggestions for further and future research areas besides the analysis of the whole thesis work.</p>

UNESCO has been a forerunner in the field of mainstreaming of gender which is evident in countless conferences and publications, notably in its Checklist for the Integration of Gender Issues in the Evaluation of UNESCO&#8217;s Programmes (UNESCO 1999b ). The branch with special responsibility for questions of Adult Literacy has been the UNESCO Institute of Education (UIE). Careful historical-comparative analysis of its publications reveals a varied picture on the question of gender. On the one hand it has published evaluation manuals (Bhola 1990, Easton 1996) in which gender goes virtually unnoticed. And on the other there are collected essays of workshops organised and published by the UIE which present some of the strongest voices on the subject, notably Sara Longwe (1997, 1999a), the exponent of the evaluation tool, Women&#8217;s Empowerment Framework. While personnel changes in the UIE in the course of the nineties may be a partial explanation, there are other ambiguities in its policies and practice which are not as easily explained. When the evaluation reports of literacy programmes published as exemplary practice by the UIE are examined they reveal some striking differences. Two evaluations of literacy programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa were analysed, one in Oyo State, Nigeria (Omolewa et al. 1998) and the other being the National Literacy Programme of Namibia (Lind 1996). The methods of analysis were both the UNESCO Checklist and the Women&#8217;s Empowerment Framework. They both have received wide acceptance within this particular field. Furthermore, their use provides a means of internal comparison. What the study reveals is a striking discrepancy between such policy and the actual practice of evaluation, and at the same time it becomes clear that the Women&#8217;s Empowerment Framework is the more rigorous of the two. Particularly in the analysis of the Oyo programme evaluation it becomes evident that such a gender approach is able to uncover significant failures, particular with regard to its patriarchal notion of &#8220;empowerment&#8221;. Although it too falls short of the standards, the evaluation of the Namibian programme comes a lot closer to the requirements. An explanation for the discrepancy between the two may be located in the fact that whereas the Oyo evaluation was conducted by a team of local consultants, all of whom were male, the Namibian evaluation was a joint local-international initiative with an equal male-female balance. Further study of UIE&#8217;s other published evaluation reports would however be necessary in order to confirm such a conclusion. What the study does succeed in establishing is the way in which the role of UNESCO through the UIE&#8217;s has been that of a facilitator. By bringing different emphases into dialogue with one another it has served to open up new directions in the field of gender and literacy programme evaluation. / Public Administration and Management / M.A.

Submitted by Cristiane de Melo Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@unifesp.br) on 2018-04-11T18:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PuccinelliBruno_Dissertacao_SeEssaRuaFosseMinha.pdf: 77587728 bytes, checksum: bb77944e736d034b75e31940632c2661 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristiane de Melo Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@unifesp.br) on 2018-04-11T18:34:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PuccinelliBruno_Dissertacao_SeEssaRuaFosseMinha.pdf: 77587728 bytes, checksum: bb77944e736d034b75e31940632c2661 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T18:34:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PuccinelliBruno_Dissertacao_SeEssaRuaFosseMinha.pdf: 77587728 bytes, checksum: bb77944e736d034b75e31940632c2661 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Uma rua é feita de muitas coisas, inclusive de identidades. Uma rua não é só caminho para se chegar a outro lugar, espaço de acesso ao público ou coletivo ou lugar de interdição a quem quer evitar o perigo e a violência. Uma rua pode ser espaço para se estar e para se ser; ela em si pode estar e ser. A Rua Frei Caneca, localizada oficialmente no bairro da Consolação, imediações do Centro da cidade de São Paulo e próxima à Avenida Paulista, é o foco do presente trabalho, o qual traz à baila onde ela pode estar e o que ela pode ser. Pensar que a Frei Caneca pode se localizar em outro lugar que não o bairro ou a região oficialmente alocada pode parecer sem sentido. Mas, onde ela está afinal? E o que ela é além de uma rua? Paralela à Rua Augusta, esta conhecida outrora pela prostituição feminina, a Frei Caneca tem passado por diversas transformações imobiliárias que têm afetado sua constituição social e o entendimento de sua identidade. Sem querer sugerir uma proeminência do incremento em prédios e comércios na última década, aponto como isso tem ajudado a sedimentar a identidade da rua. Ao menos desde 2003 ela tem sido conhecida, e reconhecida, como a “rua gay” de São Paulo, após uma situação de conflito entre um casal gay e a administração do Shopping Frei Caneca, inaugurado em 2001. Em 2008 o projeto de oficializá-la como rua gay trouxe à tona uma série de atores cujos discursos buscam legitimidade ante a autorização de quem poderia falar sobre e pela rua. E há gays na rua? Mas há tantos assim? O que poderia significar ser gay na Frei Caneca? Esta dissertação é resultado da pesquisa que buscou entender o que diversos atores presentes na rua entendem por “rua gay”, por sua presença nela e como entendem a rua em si. Onde ela está, do que se aproxima e do que se afasta. Com foco privilegiado nos frequentadores que utilizam a rua como espaço de lazer noturno, ou caminho obrigatório antes de irem para o lugar de destino, a pesquisa busca demonstrar que uma rua e qualquer outro espaço citadino têm mobilidade: o concreto caminha, muda, se desfaz. / A street is made of many things, including identities. A street is not only way to get to another place, access to public space or public place or interdiction whoever avoid danger and violence. The Frei Caneca Street, officially located in the neighborhood of Consolação, surrounding the center of the city of São Paulo and close to Paulista Avenue, is the focus of this work, which brings up where she might be and what it can be. To think the Frei Caneca St. that may be located elsewhere than the district or region officially allocated may seem meaningless. But where is it anyway? And is it something beyond a street? Parallel to Augusta St., formerly known by this female prostitution, the Frei Caneca St. has undergone for several transformations that have affected your estate social constitution and understanding of their identity. Without wishing to suggest an increase in prominence of the buildings and businesses in the last decade, I point out how it has helped settle the identity of street. At least since 2003 it has been known and recognized as a "gay street" of São Paulo, after a conflict between a gay couple and the administration of Frei Caneca Mall, opened in 2001. In 2008 the project to becoming as a legal “gay street” as it brought to light a number of actors whose legitimacy discourses seek permission of who could talk about and the street. And are there gays in the street? But are there so much? What could it mean to be gay at Frei Caneca St.? This tesis is the result of research that sought to understand what various actors present on the street mean by "gay street" by this presence and understand how the street itself. Where it is, what it approaching and moving away. And focusing on the patrons who use the street as a space for nightly entertainment, or obligatory way before going to the place of destination, the research seeks to demonstrate that a street and any other space have mobility: the concrete walks, changes, dissolves.

Submitted by Juliane Camila Chatagnier null (ju.chatagnier@gmail.com) on 2018-03-09T15:18:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE JULIANE CAMILA CHATAGNIER.pdf: 1517550 bytes, checksum: 0f619d1b031428befe6918444044f2af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-03-09T18:13:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 chatagnier_jc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1517550 bytes, checksum: 0f619d1b031428befe6918444044f2af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T18:13:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 chatagnier_jc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1517550 bytes, checksum: 0f619d1b031428befe6918444044f2af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A contemporaneidade tem colaborado com as mudanças na forma como as questões de gênero e sexualidade são vistas na sociedade. Padrões tradicionais vêm sendo quebrados e algumas formas de preconceito não se encaixam mais na comunidade. Hoje, muitos homens e mulheres não têm mais uma identidade única e fixa, e não configuram um par dual, e essa fragmentação das identidades de gênero possibilita a criação de ouras nomenclaturas. Com base nesse contexto de mudanças, as personagens de nosso corpus formam-se mulheres, homens, gays, lésbicas, e a construção do gênero é vista, então, como estratégia narrativa, na qual as escritoras procuram mostrar que há possibilidades para formação de gênero distinta dos padrões impostos pela matriz heteronormativa. Assim, realizamos uma análise de como essas configurações de gênero, masculinos ou femininos, são representadas na literatura, partindo da premissa de que as identidades de gênero sofrem rupturas com os modelos tradicionais e estão deslocadas, devido às diversas orientações sexuais presentes na contemporaneidade. Como corpus deste trabalho, escolhemos cinco obras, de escritoras norte-americanas, brasileiras e inglesas, a partir da década de 1970, a saber: Rubyfruit Jungle (1973), de Rita Mae Brown; The Front Runner (1974), de Patricia Nell Warren; Hotel Dulac (1984), de Anita Brookner; Duas iguais (1996), de Cíntia Moscovich e Sapato de salto (2006), de Lygia Bojunga. A configuração da identidade de gênero das personagens é analisada sob a luz da teoria da performatividade, de Judith Butler (1993; 2003; 2004; 2015), segundo a qual o gênero é constituído por meio da repetição de atos estilizados que se tornam inerentes ao indivíduo. Butler, juntamente à Rubin (1975), Wittig (1982; 1993) e Connell (2000), embasa, também, as questões relativas à construção da masculinidade e/ou feminilidade e Laclau (1990; 2004), Ortiz (1998; 2006) e Santos (1993; 2001), dentre outros, fundamentam o estudo a respeito das modificações ocorridas na sociedade, bem como essas interferem na construção da identidade de gênero. / Contemporaneity has contributed to changes in the way gender and sexuality issues are seen in society. Traditional patterns have been broken and some forms of prejudice do not fit into current society anymore. Today, some men and women have no longer a single, fixed identity, and no longer form a dual pair, and this fragmentation of gender identities makes it possible to create nomenclatures. Based on this context of change, the characters of our corpus are women, men, gays, lesbians, and the construction of gender is seen, therefore, as a narrative strategy, in which women writers try to show that there are possibilities for gender formation which differs from the patterns imposed by the heteronormative matrix. Thus, we perform an analysis of how these configurations of gender, male or female, are represented in literature, starting from a premise that gender identities suffer ruptures from traditional models and are displaced, due to diverse sexual orientations present in contemporary times. As a corpus of this work, we chose five works by American, Brazilian and English writers, beginning in the 1970s: Rubyfruit Jungle (1973) by Rita Mae Brown; The Front Runner (1974), by Patricia Nell Warren; Hotel Dulac (1984), by Anita Brookner; Duas iguais (1996), by Cíntia Moscovich and Sapato de salto (2006), by Lygia Bojunga. The configuration of the characters gender identity is analyzed in the light of Judith Butler's theory of performativity (1993, 2003, 2004, 2015), according to which gender is constituted through the repetition of stylized acts that become inherent to individual. Butler, along with Rubin (1975), Wittig (1982, 1993) and Connell (2000), also addresses issues related to the construction of masculinities and/or femininities, and Laclau (1990, 2004), Ortiz (1998, 2006) and Santos (1993), among others, ground the study on the changes that occurred in society, as well as these interfere in the construction of the gender identity.

In my Degree Project I developed a case study of two independent publishers that promote children’s literature with a special focus on diversity and challenging gender stereotypes, situating them within the bigger framework of activism for gender equality and against homophobia in Italy. I looked at the potential of children’s literature as a significant instrument of communication for social change and analysed the publishers’ activities as a form of activism, specifically connected with the sphere of education. I narrow my analysis to two publishers: Lo Stampatello, specialising in children’s literature against gender stereotypes and homophobia, and Settenove, specialising in the theme of gender equality. I analysed first a selection of texts from these publishers and then some of their diffusion practices, through which they engage with other entities dealing with gender equality and LGBT rights. I see these publishers as self-aware agents of change, that produce messages about equality, deliberately diffused into the public and specifically targeting an audience of children, parents, teachers and educators, and that play an active role in the scenario of contentious politics [Tilly and Tarrow, 2007].

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