Jämställdhet är ett ämne som frekvent diskuteras inom musikbranschen, men trots det finns det en tydlig manlig dominans på ledande och kreativa poster. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ studie där vi har undersökt hur organisationer inom musikbranschen arbetar internt och externt med jämställdhet samt hur de avser komma till rätta med problematiken att kreativa och ledande positioner domineras av män. Vi har genomfört semi-strukturerade intervjuer med respondenter för att låta deras röster komma till tals. Slutsatsen visar att jämställdhet är något hela branschen anser viktigt att arbeta med, men det finns olika åsikter hur förändringen konkret ska gå till väga. Organisationerna tycks gå mot en jämn könsfördelning, men problematik med horisontell och vertikal könssegregering är fortfarande högst aktuellt, varför en normkritik på den egna organisationen är viktigt. Ett konkret verktyg för förändring är en medveten rekrytering. Något som efterfrågas är högre krav från samhället på jämställdhetsarbete, då det tvingar organisationer och påskyndar förändringsprocessen. För att vi ska nå ett jämställt samhälle krävs det att alla organisationer i samspel med samhället tillsammans strävar mot samma mål. / Gender equality is a subject that is frequently discussed within the Swedish music business, but there is despite that still an evident male dominance on leading and creative positions. We have done a qualitative research where we studied how organisations within the music business are working internally and externally with gender equality, and how they intend to solve the issue of men and women not having the same possibilities to achieve career. We have done semi-structured interviews with respondents, to let their opinions be heard and make their perspective the main focus of our research. The conclusion of this study is that the Swedish music business believe that gender equality is important to work with, but the opinions on how to do so differs depending on whom you ask. The organisations tend to move towards an even distribution between the sexes, but issues with horizontal and vertical gender segregation is still very current, why it is important to question the existing norms within one’s organisation. A specific tool to achieve a more gender equal organisation, is to be more aware when recruiting. Something that is being requested is that society make higher demands on gender equality work, as that would force organisations to change more rapidly. To reach a gender equal society, all organisations together with the society must have the same goal and collectively work to reach it.

Gender equality is important for a country´s development. Turkey want to be a full member of the EU, gender equality is therefore an important factor to investigate. This research paper aims to address the reasons for women´s low representation in the decision-making positions, mainly in the Turkish Parliament. The purpose is to understand what casual mechanisms that impact the women representation at the national level in the Turkish Parliament.  The research methods is carried out with in-depth interviews namely, semi-structured interviews in Turkey with four Members of Parliament, a gender-expert lawyer and three women´s organizations namely, Kadin Adaylari Destekleme Dernegi and Ucan Süpürge, while the interview with Türk Üniversiteli Kadinlar Dernegi consists of group interview. Furthermore relevant literature was used in order to complement the interviews. The overreaching theoretical framework used in the thesis consists of gender theory and complementary different concept definitions, namely, Culture Matters, Low representation of Women, Modernization and Patriarchy. These concepts have been the foundation of the analysis and have added understanding of the reasons for women´s low representation in the Turkish Parliament. The common perception of the interviewees to solutions were quotas, increase the education, to start with democracy first in the family, make the society aware of the problem of gender inequality. The main conclusions drawn from this research were that the government and the NGOs are aware of the problems on gender equality; they are working together to combat the inequality between sexes. The government is also aware of that they have reached a certain level of gender equality in the Parliament compared to the last decades. The process of gender equality is slowly developing but there is a will to achieve gender equality in the Turkish Parliament.

Family Policy in Sweden Key words: family policy, gender equality, women's employment The aim of this master's degree thesis is to analyze family policy in Sweden, which has become main tool for promoting gender equaility policy. Through family policy Sweden make and effort to achieve equality between women and men in society, particulary by men's greater sharing of responsibility for children and houshold. After the introduction which summarizes the objectives of the thesis, there is the first chapter defining the concept of family policy. This chapter explains the difference between family law and family policy, describes the various models of states family policies and instruments which set targets are met. The second chapter deals with some demographic statistics, which are for the purpose of thesis essential to keep in mind and which are decisive for the current conception of family policy. Another chapter describes the institutional structure of family policy in Sweden in the context of their political system. I name appropriate authorities who deal with the question of families, children and gender equality. The fourth chapter focuses on the historical development of family policy, which is essential for understanding the current system of promoting gender equality through roles in the...

Comment penser conjointement la (re)production et le changement en matière d’inégalités des sexes ? Telle est la question abordée dans cette thèse, au prisme de l’analyse des protagonistes impliqué-e-s dans l’accompagnement des démarches de promotion de l’égalité professionnelle femmes/hommes au sein des organisations. À partir d’une expérience personnelle envisagée d’un point de vue réflexif et d’un large corpus de données écrites et orales, dont une centaine d’entretiens, cette thèse propose d’étudier trois dynamiques (d’institutionnalisation, de marchandisation et de professionnalisation) perceptibles au sein de l’ « espace de l’égalité professionnelle », en France, depuis le milieu des années 1960. L’analyse met d’abord en exergue une « institutionnalisation molle » de l’égalité professionnelle dans le contexte français, au cours de la période considérée. Elle révèle ensuite le caractère « incertain » du marché des prestations de services et du marché de travail au sein de l’ « espace de l’accompagnement à l’égalité professionnelle ». Elle souligne, enfin, la difficile structuration d’un espace investi par des protagonistes issu-e-s d’horizons divers, mobilisant des conceptions variées de l’égalité, de l’expertise et de l’ethos professionnel. Deux facteurs paraissent dès lors jouer un rôle fondamental pour comprendre ces phénomènes, ainsi que le constat posé d’une difficile reconnaissance du caractère « professionnel » de l’activité étudiée : l’emprise du genre sur le fonctionnement de cet espace et le discrédit qui pèse plus généralement sur le féminisme, en France. Cette thèse permet ainsi d’éclairer certains enjeux scientifiques et sociaux qui se manifestent autour des activités dédiées à la promotion de l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes. De plus, s’inscrivant dans une approche favorisant le dialogue interdisciplinaire, elle fait écho aux préoccupations de plusieurs communautés de recherche, au premier rang desquelles les études genre, la sociologie de l’action publique, la sociologie économique et la sociologie des professions. / Is it possible to analyse simultaneously the (re)production and transformation of gender inequalities? This thesis aims to address this question, by focussing on women and men who are invested in accompanying organisations towards the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. By taking a reflexive stance on the author’s personal experience and by constructing a rich corpus of written and oral data, including almost one hundred interviews, this thesis uncovers three social processes (institutionalisation, marketization and professionalization), which have characterised the “equal opportunity in employment field” in France, since the mid-1960s. The research underscores the weak institutionalisation of equal opportunity measures in the French context over the period studied. It also reveals the “uncertain” nature of the job and business opportunities related to accompanying organisations in the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. The thesis illustrates the difficulties associated with organising a field that is invested by individuals originating from very diverse horizons, with varied know-how and qualifications. Two factors seem to play a major role in determining the denial of the “professional” nature of the activities studied here: the highly gendered characteristics of the field in question and the more general discredit of anything associated with feminism in France. This thesis sheds light on the scientific and social issues that are raised by activities related to the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. From a trans-disciplinary perspective, it echoes contemporary discussions within several research communities, including: Gender Studies, Social Policy, Economic Sociology and Sociology of the Professions.

This study was conducted to investigate norms for motherhood and gender equality among Swedish mothers. The aim was to find if there are differences in how women relate to the norms, how they control impressions they send out, and if there is any conflict regarding these norms. Used theoretical framework was norms in general and impression management. We used a qualitative approach, and conducted interviews with mothers of young children.   The results show that women relate to the norms about the good mother as a norm, feeling guilt and shame, not being able to reach up to all expectations, but also facing sanctions when being too good. On the other hand we find that the Swedish gender equality ideal, aren’t a norm but an ideal and that some women refer to equality in the household as a question of that both should be satisfied. We believe this is a proof of that the Swedish equality has not yet been integrated in the society norms, for our informants. We also find that norms and ideal affect the impression management. Various number of expectations therefore results into a norm conflict for the mother. All together these expectations are unreachable, and results in sanctions of for example guilt and shame. We introduce a new concept to describe all these norms and the norm conflict within the mother; norm conglomeration. Our conclusion are that to be a good mother you must be moderate both related to motherhood norms and ideals of gender equality.

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This qualitative study examines middle school teachers and their thoughts and attitudes when working with gender roles and equality – both in social studies, but also as a part of schools´ core values.    The purpose of the study is to show how this work is done, both through different examples and also through understanding how these teachers look at their responsibility as teachers regarding gender roles and equality. The empiric material of the study consists of five semi-structured interviews with middle school teachers. The participants of the study had various experiences of working as teachers, which contributed to making the results and analysis interesting since they work in such a similar way with gender equality in their classrooms.    The results show that all the participants work actively with gender roles and equality in different ways. The participants say that they can use current events and ongoing discussions in society as a foundation for this work. They all see the connection between the core content in the social studies syllabus and the school’s basic values.    However, the participants have different views on their responsibilities as social studies’ teachers in relation to other teachers. On one hand, three of the participants claim that their responsibility is bigger as they are meant to teach the conceptions and their meaning within their subject. On the other hand, two of the participants say that the most important part of working with equality and gender roles lies within the school’s basic principles, and that it is the responsibility of everyone working in school to follow them.                           Keywords: gender rules, gender equality, middle school teachers and science teachers / Den här kvalitativa studien undersöker mellanstadielärares syn på och tankar kring arbetet med könsroller och jämställhet i både samhällskunskap och skolans värdegrundsuppdrag. Syftet med studien är dels att belysa hur arbetet går till genom olika exempel och dels genom att förstå hur samhällskunskapslärare ser på sitt uppdrag. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med behöriga mellanstadielärare har gjort den här studien möjlig. Lärarna har olika antal verksamma år, vilket har gjort resultatet och analysen intressant då de arbetar på så pass liknade sätt med könsroller och jämställdhet i sina klassrum.    I resultatet framkommer att alla lärarna jobbar mycket med könsroller och jämställdhet, på olika sätt. De menar att de allmänna diskussionerna och aktuella händelserna är bra som underlag. Alla ser kopplingen mellan det centrala innehållet i samhällskunskap och skolans allmänna värdegrundsuppdrag. Lärarna ser något olika på sitt uppdrags omfattning i förhållande till alla som arbetar i skolan. Tre av respondenterna menar att deras uppdrag som samhällskunskapslärare är något större då de i sitt arbete även ska undervisa om begreppen könsroller och jämställdhet och dess innebörd. Två av respondenterna menar att det är de som lärare som visar eleverna hur vi är mot varandra som är det viktigaste, alltså det uppdraget som finns i värdegrundsuppdraget som alla som arbetar i skolan har.                                   Nyckelord: könsroller, genus, jämställdhet, mellanstadielärare och samhällskunskapslärare

The tool for including local actors in development collaboration projects is called ownership and it is defined in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. However, researchers have detected flaws with the definition and implementation of ownership. Some also argue that gender equality and the empowerment of women are neglected aspects in the Paris Declaration and that they are not emphasised enough in the aid effectiveness dialogue. The objective of this study is to examine the perspectives and experiences of stakeholders about the meaning and implementation of ownership on different operating levels through a gendered lens. Additionally, in order to be able to investigate how these matters are interpreted and implemented in practice and affecting beneficiaries, two development collaboration projects on Bussi island, Uganda, were selected for this case study. The main objective was to gain a deeper understanding of the perspectives of the informants, and not to generalize. That is the reason why this is a qualitative case study where the information is based on words and not on numbers. Semi-structured interviews were used for the data collection. Informants form Erikshjälpen, a local organization called RODA and beneficiaries living on Bussi Island were interviewed as representatives for the different operating levels. The conclusion is that the critique provided by previous research can in some aspects be applied to the case of this study. There are no specific strategies on ownership or gender equal ownership by either Erikshjälpen or RODA. There are conflicting perspectives on what the term “ownership” actually means by all informants from the different operating levels. There are also coherent perspectives regarding the importance of ownership and gender equality on all levels, and participation is a key word used by all the informants. However, since a strategy is missing, there is no tool for examining if participation actually can be used to claim that successful ownership and gender equal ownership has been implemented. If a strategy were to be created, it should include a definition of ownership, a plan for gender equal ownership, and agreed upon indicators for measuring both phenomena.

Internationally recognized for and culturally self-identifying as a gender equality advocate, Sweden has seen a recent uptick in popular support among women voters for its far-right nationalist political party, the Sweden Democrats (SD). While nationalist movements are primarily distinguished by their nativist political rhetoric, academic study has consistently shown that nationalism also consistently promotes a traditional gender duality while denouncing feminism and gender equality practices. Likewise, SD also consistently opposes feminist and gender equality practices in stark contrast with mainstream Swedish political parties. This qualitative discourse analysis collected, categorized, and analyzed recent Facebook posts circulated by the Sweden Democrat Women's Association (Sverigedemokraterna kvinnoförbund) leadership to identify why women (ostensibly) served by Swedish state feminism vote for and even join SD in a leadership capacity. By utilizing constructivist theoretical frameworks of social and cultural identity with a post-structural analytical methodology focusing on problem conception, representation and dissemination, the resulting analysis shows that the dominating discursive theme is practically summarized as: "(in)security." In short, SD women perceive Sweden's (equality) feminism as unrelatable, irrelevant and/or intrusive in an "everyday" existence framed by a rapidly changing Swedish society due to record immigration, increased economic insecurity, and a weakening welfare state. In closing, three prime research areas are identified for future study: image-based content analysis of SD's political messaging, increased incorporation of security frameworks in investigative writing, as well as broadened research into how Swedish equality feminism can best include two consistently detached societal clusters: native-Swedish conservative and non-Western immigrant women.

This paper studies the effect of same-sex teachers on students attending Economics A at Uppsala University from 2013 to 2018. Having a female teacher has no significant effect on female students’ exam performance but a significant and positive effect on the likelihood of attending the subsequent course in Economics. Certain types of female teachers have negative effects on male students’ exam performance in certain specifications and no effect on the likelihood of them attending the subsequent course. It was not possible to identify the underlying mechanism behind these results.