Women have a few managerial positions compared to men in audit and accounting firms. It said that large companies have intentions to increase the number of women accountants in managerial positions. The study is investigating the implementation of gender policies and diversity in auditing firm with a specific focus on how company size may impact how organizations come to work with issues of gender and diversity. A qualitative method has been implemented in this study, by conducting 17 semi-structured interviews with women auditors and accountants, working in 4 large firms and 5 small firms in Sweden. The study shows that the policies of the large companies are not fully implemented. While setting policies for small firms will just help women auditors/accountants to improve their career education.

Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra hur förskollärare bemöter flickor och pojkar i vardagliga situationer i förskolans verksamhet. Den 1 juli 2019 kommer det ut en reviderad läroplan för förskolan som kommer behandla genus samt jämställdhet mer ingående. Metoden som används är observationer av utvalda situationer samt uppföljande intervjuer. Observationerna sker genom ett icke deltagande förhållningssätt och genom löpande anteckningar. Vi observerar hur fyra förskollärare bemöter barnen vid av och påklädning samt måltidssituationen. Sedan intervjuar vi dessa fyra förskollärare om hur de ser på sitt bemötande av barnen. Intervjun innehåller fem frågor. Resultatet i studien är att förskollärarna bemötte barnen på likartade sätt och i huvudsak på lika villkor. Vid några enstaka fall uppmärksammades att bemötandet skiljde sig åt om barnen var pojkar eller flickor. Slutsatsen i studien är att förskollärarna bemöter barnet efter dess utvecklingsnivå, men att förskollärarna skulle behöva beakta sitt bemötande för att barnen ska kunna utvecklas. / The purpose of this study is to make it clear how pre-school teachers meet girls and boys in everyday situations in pre-school routines. 1 July, 2019 there will be a revised curriculum for pre-school that will treat gender and gender equality more. The method is observations of selected situations as well a follow-up interview. Observations take place through a non-participatory approach and through continuous notes. We observe how four pre-school teachers meet the children in routines like dressing and meal situations. Then we interview these four pre-school teachers about how they look at their treatment of the children. The interview contains five questions. The result of the study is that the preschool teachers responded to the children in similar ways and essentially on equal terms. At a few occasions, attention was drawn to the fact that the treatment differs if the children were boys or girls. The conclusion in the study is that the preschool teachers meet the child according to their level of development, but that the preschool teachers would have to consider their treatment in order for the children to be able to develop

This Master's thesis is focused on application of equal opportunities for women and men in firms in the Czech Republic. The purpose is to define the concept of corporate social responsibility as well as equal opportunities. The thesis also introduces the Czech legislation that deals with discrimination and the advantages for companies of complying with equal opportunities for men and women. It is concluded with a research of application of equal opportunities in firms in the Czech Republic and it summarizes the results and introduces recommendations.

Bakgrund: Partners har en betydelsefull roll för en långsiktig upprätthållning av amning. Partners önskar bli bekräftade som en viktig resurs vid amning av barnmorskor men upplever att stödet mest riktas till kvinnor. Barnmorskor beskriver den egna rollen som viktig i att ge stöd till partners vid amning. Syfte: Att beskriva barnmorskors erfarenheter av att ge stöd till partners vid amning. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Data inhämtades genom 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer med barnmorskor som jobbar på BB och/eller amningsmottagning i fyra städer i Sverige. En innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim, Lindgren och Lundman valdes som analysmetod. Resultat: Barnmorskornas stöd utgick ifrån partners engagemang som framträdde genom närvaro, intresse och kunskap i amning. Partners amningsnormer utifrån kultur och jämställdhetssyn hade betydelse för amningsstödet. Barnmorskornas förutsättningar i form av kompetens, samarbete inom professionen samt organisatoriska strukturer kunde påverka stödet till partners vid amning. Slutsats: Barnmorskorna besitter unik kompetens för att ge stöd till partners vid amning. Framförallt handlar det om att se individen och erbjuda ett anpassat stöd vid amning utifrån partners förståelse. Vidare kan partners förmåga till förståelse i amningsstödet ha samband med partners ålder, socioekonomiska status, kultur och tidigare erfarenheter. Barnmorskor ser vikten i att ge stöd till partners men upplever att tidsbrist och platsbrist kan vara hinder. / Background: Partners have an important role in long-term maintenance of breastfeeding. However, partners feel that breastfeeding support is mostly directed to their women and wishes to be confirmed as an important resource by midwives. Again, midwives consider that they have an important role in providing support to partners during breastfeeding. Aim: To describe the midwives' experiences of providing support to partners during breastfeeding. Method: A qualitative interview study with inductive approach. Data was collected through 11 semi-structured interviews with midwives who work at postpartum departments and/or breastfeeding receptions in four cities in Sweden. A content analysis according to Graneheim, Lindgren and Lundman was chosen as the analytical method. Result: The midwives support was based on the partner's involvement that appeared through attendance, interest and knowledge in breastfeeding. Partners' breastfeeding standards based on culture and gender equality had significations for the breastfeeding support. Midwives' competence, collaboration within the profession and organizational structures could influence the breastfeeding support to partners. Conclusion: The midwives possess unique skills to support partners during breastfeeding. It is about offering individually adapted support during breastfeeding based on the partner's understanding. Furthermore, the partner's ability to understand the breastfeeding support may be related to partner's age, socio-economic status, culture and experience. Midwives see the importance of providing support to partners but feel that lack of time and lack of space can be obstacles.

Scholars have been conflicted whether descriptive representation of women leads to substantive representation. A new way of measuring this relationship is through the relationship between women movements and female parliamentarians. Thus, this paper develops from the rethinking of the critical mass theory and uses the feminist demands stated by women organisations in Uganda. This in order to establish whether or not there exists an alliance between inside and outside actors as a measure of substantive representation of women. By applying this approach to transcripts from plenary debates in the Ugandan parliament, the study finds that several gender-related issues are addressed by female MPs. Using a frame analysis comparing the framing of problems between the women organisations and the female MPs, the paper discovers that the majority of issues addressed in the parliament is framed less radically by the female MPs. While the organisations frame the problems as being gender-related, mainly affecting rural women and girls, the MPs frame them more of concern for the whole population and as problems with economic implications for the country.

In recent years the concept of empowerment has flourished to a large extent, not least in development studies. Empowering marginalised communities, poor people and women has become a priority for development agencies and organisations. This thesis aims to assess how women are empowered by a top-down approach through International Women’s Coffee Alliance (IWCA) and a bottom-up approach through the women themselves. The paper is based on a field study that took place in the coffee farms of Uganda where women face enormous challenges as they work in an exploited industry and live with husbands who often withhold the income of the work the women have done. Drawing on Naila Kabeer’s definition of empowerment, this paper looks at if and how the resources, agency and achievements of the women have led to empowerment in the levels of household, workplace and community. The research strategy used for this paper is data collected from semi-structured interviews with women working in coffee farms in Uganda. The results show that women become empowered to a large extent in the workplace and community levels but struggle in the household level. There is not sufficient transformative power from IWCA and the women themselves to change the structures regarding gender-norms that are vastly embedded in the culture. There is a need to raise more awareness and knowledge, not only for women and organisations but for the men as well, in order to reach women’s empowerment and gender equality.

This research investigates two major organizations that place a focus on masculinities as a strategy to improve gender equality; Instituto Promundo and Sonke Gender Justice. To begin, a literature review of the gendered dynamics and masculinities context in Brazil and South Africa is presented to situate the historical and current landscape of where each organization operates. This thesis research investigates Promundo and Sonke using qualitative document analysis methodology, with a theoretical framework informed by relevant masculinities scholarship and the specific contexts of masculinities in Brazil and South Africa. This approach provides insights into the history, evolution, and application of theoretical perspectives and the organizational structures that influence how masculinities are discussed and practiced when implementing programs in Brazil and South Africa. The research shows that Promundo and Sonke integrate most of the key masculinities themes and key concepts, with a comparative lens of each organization, and highlighting key gaps and why their inclusion has the potential to strengthen each organization’s position as world leaders in masculinities and gender equality.

Sweden is regularly listed as one of the best countries in the world in terms of gender equality, often portrayed as a role model compared to the rest of the world. However, occupations tend to comprise disproportionately large numbers of women or men. The games industry is no exception, were women represent only 15 per cent of the workforce, of which only a small percentage  of those  actually work with the game production. This implies negative consequences both in terms of business performance and inequality working conditions. This thesis aims to increase the understanding of why there are so few women within the games industry through an investigation of the attitudes and work experiences  among Swedish female game workers. From a gender perspective, the ongoing construction of gendering practices is problematized, drawing on the study of a Swedish game company and interviews with  seventeen female game workers. We found that the general attitudes towards the games industry are positive. The passion for games was the most significant common factor for all women and in general, women expressed a friendly culture and satisfying workplace conditions. However, the analysis of women’s  work experiences revealed that the industry has gender issues, where women are routinely disadvantaged in favor of men. The widespread stereotype that women are just not as interested or just not as good as men, works against them. Women suffer fewer opportunities to advance, particularly in reaching top management positions and homosocial practices occurs in the recruitment  process as well as within the internal jargon. Hence, the gender power structure problematized in this  study, manifest itself through  multiple negative implications for women.

<p>The aim of this study was to examine four women’s experiences of and attitudes towards breastfeeding. In order to achieve this end, the four women were interviewed individually. Breastfeeding is a controversial subject, which is also mirrored by the women and the different advice and recommendation that they meet. Consequently, each woman has to take a stand for what she thinks is suitable regarding her individual situation. Moreover, breastfeeding is embedded in complex historical, political and cultural systems. This becomes obvious in the contemporary principle of breastfeeding on demand, according to which breastfeeding is adapted to the child’s needs. Thus, a majority of the interviewees have difficulties with combining breastfeeding on demand with ideas of gender equality. Due to breastfeeding on demand, the women must also breastfeed in public. In those situations, the women are keen on breastfeeding as discretely as possible.</p><p> </p> / <p>Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka fyra kvinnors erfarenheter av och attityder till amning. Av den anledningen blev de fyra kvinnorna individuellt intervjuade. Amning är ett kontroversiellt ämne, som också speglades av kvinnorna och de råd och rekommendationer de möter. Konsekvensen av detta är att varje kvinna måste ta ställning till vad som passar deras individuella situation. Dessutom, amning är inbäddat i ett komplext historiskt, politiskt och kulturellt system. Detta blir tydligt genom den rådande fria amningsprincipen, som innebär att amningen är anpassad efter barnets behov. Majoriteten av kvinnorna har därför svårigheter med att kombinera fri amning med idéer om jämlikhet. På grund av fri amning, måste kvinnorna ibland amma offentligt. I de situationerna är kvinnorna måna om att amma så diskret som möjligt.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det råder jämställdhet enligt parametrarna lön, utbildning och sjukfrånvaro bland skolledarna inom Barn och Utbildningsnämnden i Bollnäs kommun.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to examine if equality exists, due to the parameters salary, education and sickness leave, among the school leaders in the Children- and Education board in Bollnäs municipality.</p>