Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-06T12:57:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Eduardo Nicaretta - 2018.pdf: 2264636 bytes, checksum: 885684a1eedaa0841a3168ca98a5ac48 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-06T12:58:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Eduardo Nicaretta - 2018.pdf: 2264636 bytes, checksum: 885684a1eedaa0841a3168ca98a5ac48 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T12:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Eduardo Nicaretta - 2018.pdf: 2264636 bytes, checksum: 885684a1eedaa0841a3168ca98a5ac48 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The knowledge of population dynamics allows us to study the variations in the abundance of populations of living beings. Knowledge of the abundance of ticks that parasitize lactating cattle in a given region is important when considering the direct damage that these ectoparasites cause and their ability to transmit pathogens to animals. The aim of the present study was to characterize the population dynamics of Rhipicephalus microplus in naturally infested mestizo dairy cattle maintained in a rotational grazing system for 12 months in a semi - humid tropical region in the state of Goiás. the selected cattle had the female ticks counted (4.5 to 8.0 mm). A flannel-dragging technique was also carried out in the pasture for the capture and subsequent counting of R. microplus larvae. The meteorological data were collected during the study to be used in regression and variance analyzes. Based on the experimental design used, it was possible to observe the increase in the number of tick generations during the experiment, for five generations during the year. It was also observed that the climatic variables such as humidity, temperature and rainfall had a direct relation with the amount of larvae present in the pasture (P> 0.05). The number of larvae present in pastures presented significant negative correlation (P≤0.05) with rainfall (P = 0.0001), ambient temperature (P = 0.0005) and relative humidity (P = 0.0120). On the other hand, the average parthenogenic counts in the animals' body did not show a significant correlation (P> 0.05) with the climatological parameters. In summary, it was possible to verify the presence of five generations / year of R. microplus in the tropical semi-humid region, besides the influence of the climatic variables on the non-parasitic phase of the bovine tick. These results are related to the biological, ecological, population and behavioral aspects of R. microplus, allowing us to help map an epidemiological profile in the region and to define future strategies for the management and control of this ectoparasite of cattle. / O conhecimento da dinâmica populacional nos permite estudar as variações na abundância das populações de seres vivos. O conhecimento da abundância de carrapatos que parasitam os bovinos em lactação em uma determinada região é importante quando se considera os danos diretos que estes ectoparasitos causam e suas capacidades de transmitir agentes patogênicos para os animais. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a dinâmica populacional de Rhipicephalus microplus em bovinos leiteiros mestiços naturalmente infestados, mantidos em sistema de pastejo rotacionado, durante 12 meses, em uma propriedade com climatologia regional tropical semiúmido no estado de Goiás. Para isso, semanalmente os bovinos selecionados tiveram os carrapatos fêmeas contado (4,5 a 8,0 mm). Também foi realizado quinzenalmente a técnica de arraste com flanela na pastagem para captura e posterior contagem das larvas de R. microplus. Os dados meteorológicos foram coletados durante o estudo para serem utilizados em análises de regressões e variância. Com base no delineamento experimental utilizado, foi possível observar o aumento no número de gerações do carrapato durante o experimento, para cinco gerações durante o ano. Observou-se, ainda, que as variáveis climáticas como umidade, temperatura e pluviometria teve relação direta com a quantidade de larvas presentes na pastagem (P>0,05). O número de larvas presente nas pastagens apresentou correlação negativa significativa (P≤0,05) com a precipitação pluviométrica (P=0,0001), temperatura ambiente (P=0,0005) e umidade relativa do ar (P=0,0120). Por outro lado, as contagens médias de partenógenas presentes no corpo dos animais, não apresentaram correlação significativa (P>0,05) com os parâmetros climatológicos. Em síntese, foi possível constatar a presença de cinco gerações/ano de R. microplus na região tropical semiúmido, além de influência das variáveis climáticas sobre a fase não parasitária do carrapato bovino. Tais resultados relacionam-se com os aspectos biológicos, ecológicos, populacionais e comportamentais de R. microplus, permitindo nos auxiliar a traçar um perfil epidemiológico na região e definir estratégias futuras de manejo e controle deste ectoparasito de bovinos.

Environnement et activités humaines interagissent à travers des relations multiples et complexes. Cette thèse s’interroge sur les limites que l’environnement pourrait imposer à la croissance. Le premier chapitre montre que l’environnement peut constituer un frein au développement en diminuant l’espérance de vie des agents, en freinant leur épargne, et peut causer des situations de trappes à pauvreté environnementales. La mise en place de politiques environnementales publiques peut néanmoins permettre d’éviter ces trappes et d’augmenter le niveau de revenu par tête. Dans le second chapitre,l’existence de ressources non-renouvelables polluantes nécessaires à la production est susceptible de freiner la croissance. Cependant, dans la lignée des travaux néoclassiques des années 70, les difficultés liées au caractère fini des ressources peuvent être dépassées par un progrès technologique exogène et des possibilités de substitution capital-ressources suffisantes. Il est par ailleurs démontré qu’une pollution non-persistante provenant de l’utilisation des ressources ne constituait pas un frein au développement. Enfin, le troisième chapitre démontre qu’une forte dépendance aux ressources naturelles affecte négativement la croissance des pays en développement, tandis que l’abondance en ressources naturelles la favorise. La dépendance étant le résultat de choix économiques, une politique de diversification de l’économie consistant à réinvestir les rentes issues de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles dans les secteurs secondaire et tertiaire pourrait permettre de la réduire. Par ailleurs, nous suggérons que développer l’éducation, les institutions et les marchés financiers pourrait permettre de limiter le risque de malédiction des ressources. / Human activities and the environment interact through multiple and complex relations. Can the natural environment be viewed as a limit to growth ? This thesis tries to develop answers to this crucial question.The first chapter shows that environmental degradations may constitute a brake on growth diminishing life expectancy, and thus savings. It also shows that environmental poverty traps may exist. However,public environmental policies may help countries to escape from such traps, and to reach a higher level of income per capita. In the second chapter, we suggest that the existence of polluting non-renewable resources necessary for production may hamper growth. However, we show that flow pollutions caused by the use of resources can’t be seen as a development brake. Then, following neoclassical works of the1970s, we confirm that exogenous technological progress and sufficient substitution possibilities mayal low to overcome difficulties linked to the exhaustibility of resources. Finally, the third chapter demonstrates that, in low-income economies, strong resource dependency dampens growth while abundanceis growth promoting. Dependence is the outcome of economic choices. Thus a diversification policy that consists on investing the rent in secondary and tertiary sectors may help reduce dependence. Finally, we suggest that the development of education, institutions, and financial markets may allow to decrease the probability to experience a resource curse.

The workforce is diverse on gender, race, ethnicity, culture, work styles, and age. Employees from different generations have varying expectations of what they value from the workplace and therefore approach work differently. Generational differences can lead to mistrust and communication breakdowns. They can also impact job satisfaction and productivity. The Generational Cohort Theory was utilized in this nonexperimental study, and the sample was recruited from CB Richard Ellis Real Estate Group. The purpose of this study was to determine the work values differences among the 4 generational cohorts: Silent, Baby Boomers, Generation X and Millennials. The research questions for this quantitative study first identified the preferred work values, utilizing the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ), and sought if there was a statistically significant means difference in those preferred values from 1 generation to another. A 1-way MANOVA was used to analyze the effect of generation cohort affiliation with preferred work values, revealing a positive relationship between cohort and preferred work values. Results indicated that some work values are unique between generations, such as being busy all the time and doing things for other people, and some are shared, including telling people what to do and having good coworkers. Additional research is needed to address the gap in current literature in the areas of autonomy and recognition. The implications for social change include acquiring a greater knowledge of similarities and differences between older and younger workers.. This knowledge is essential for building high-performing teams, for successful recruitment, and employee retention.

The U.S. Office of Personnel Management reported the productivity levels of the American multigenerational workforce decreasing as leaders strive to actively engage employees to improve organizational output. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore what leadership strategies federal government managers use to engage a multigenerational workforce. The conceptual framework consisted of Kahn's employee engagement theory and Strauss and Howe's generational cohort theory. The sample consisted of 3 federal government managers within metro Atlanta, Georgia who had successfully managed a multigenerational workforce, demonstrated through the feedback they received from their employees. Data were collected using face-to-face semistructured interviews and a review and analysis of company documents. Data analysis consisted of applying Yin's 5 step data analysis process, and member checking and methodological triangulation of the data strengthened the trustworthiness of interpretations. Emergent themes included generational differences; strategies for working with multigenerational differences; and strategies for engaging a multigenerational workforce. The most effective strategies involved training, communication skills, and team building. Findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing federal government managers with the framework for understanding and engaging its multigenerational workforce, which can result in promoting positive relationships between coworkers, families, and communities. Positive relationships in the workforce may increase employee morale and motivation and decrease employee turnover and the unemployment rate.

Os leitores desta pesquisa encontrarão nas páginas seguintes o resultado de uma combinação de métodos e abordagens investigativas dedicados à contextualização e aferição sobre o modo como os profissionais de TI dos quadros médios da cidade de São Paulo compreendem e mobilizam seus vínculos de trabalho ao longo de suas trajetórias profissionais. Partimos de análises e pesquisas realizadas por estudiosos das relações de trabalho, emprego e empreendedorismo, de dados dos Censos de 1960 a 2010 e de informações de outros institutos de pesquisa para esquadrinhar um universo de pesquisa que proporcionasse uma amostra modesta, mas representativa, de profissionais de TI de diferentes gerações, diferentes experiências de trabalho e vínculos, e que atendesse à variedade mínima de outros marcadores sociais como raça ou cor, sexo e origem social. Com esse contexto definido, entrevistamos um conjunto de profissionais composto por quarenta participantes. Estes profissionais concederam entrevistas, preencheram formulários e responderam questões por meio de diversas outras formas de contato de modo a não só fornecer os dados dos marcadores levantados neste estudo, mas, principalmente, para apresentar suas experiências e pontos de vista sobre os tipos de vínculos de trabalho que experimentaram ou pretendem experimentar em suas carreiras. A observação das variações e similaridades relativas aos tipos de vínculos mobilizados por profissionais de diferentes gerações constitui a dimensão importante deste estudo que pretende contribuir com uma apresentação detalhada sobre o modo como os profissionais que atendem ao perfil do recorte de pesquisa compreendem os tipos de vínculos disponíveis a eles, buscando superar as limitações de abordagens que tratam o tema de modo demasiado frio orientadas somente pelos métodos quantitativos. A escuta dos profissionais de TI, os principais afetados pelas mudanças nas possibilidades de vínculos, é elemento fundamental deste estudo que visa também analisar, de modo mediado pela teoria sociológica que abrange as questões aqui mobilizadas, as visões e concepções obtidas dos próprios profissionais a respeito de modelos, propostas e teorias advindas ora do mundo acadêmico, ora do mundo corporativo. Embora, por vezes, estes mundos propositivos convivam com as percepções e interpretações dos profissionais entrevistados, através da leitura deste estudo pode-se observar que as experiências e percepções dos profissionais demonstram ser mais complexas do que modelos polarizados tendem a postular. / Readers of this research will find on the following pages the result of a combination of methods and investigative approaches dedicated to the contextualization and measurement of how IT professionals in the city of São Paulo understand and mobilize their labour ties throughout their professional paths. We started with analyzes and research carried out by scholars from the labour relations, employment and entrepreneurship, data from the Censuses from 1960 to 2010 and information from other research institutes to search a universe of research that would provide a modest but representative sample of IT professionals of different generations, different work experiences and labor ties, and that meets the minimum variety of other social markers like race or color, sex and social origin. With this context defined, we interviewed a group of professionals composed of forty participants. These professionals provided interviews, completed forms, and answered questions through various other forms of contact so as to not only provide the markers data collected in this study, but mainly to present their experiences and points of view on the modalities of work they have experienced or intend to experience in their careers. The observation of the variations and similarities related to the types of labour ties mobilized by professionals of different generations constitutes the core dimension of this study that intends to contribute with a detailed presentation on the way in which the professionals that meet the target profile of research comprise the types of labour ties available to them, seeking to overcome the limitations of approaches that treat the subject from a very far position - oriented especially by quantitative methods. Listening to IT professionals, the main ones affected by the changes in the possibilities of links, is a fundamental element of this study that also seeks to analyze, in a way mediated by the sociological theory that covers the issues mobilized here, the visions and conceptions obtained by the professionals themselves about models, proposals and theories that come sometimes from the academic world and sometimes from the corporate world. Although these propositional worlds at times coexist with the perceptions and interpretations of the professionals interviewed, this study shows that the experiences and perceptions of professionals prove to be more complex than polarized models tend to postulate.

Au Mexique, la fécondité adolescente est présentée aujourd’hui comme un des problèmes sociaux majeurs. Cette thèse souhaite contribuer à la compréhension de l’évolution des dynamiques familiales de femmes devenues mères à l’adolescence dans un contexte urbain en pleine mutation. Elle compare trois cohortes de femmes nées dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, période de profondes transformations sociodémographiques au Mexique (baisse de la fécondité, augmentation du niveau scolaire des filles, entrée des femmes sur le marché du travail, etc.). Nous avons opté pour une approche longitudinale afin de saisir comment cette fécondité précoce s’inscrit plus largement dans la transition à l’âge adulte. À partir de la naissance du premier enfant, nous analysons la trajectoire familiale des femmes, selon trois axes majeurs : la composition du ménage, l’histoire conjugale et le parcours reproductif. Obtenus sur la base des données de l’enquête biographique rétrospective EDER (2011) et d’entretiens semi-directifs menés dans la ville de Tijuana, les résultats révèlent que la « précocité » du processus de formation familiale en milieu urbain ne renvoie pas nécessairement à des trajectoires familiales « spécifiques ». Chez ces mères adolescentes, dans un contexte où les rapports de genre sont fortement inégalitaires et où les normes sociales régissant l’accueil du premier enfant sont strictes, les relations intergénérationnelles ainsi que la nature des relations avec le conjoint auront une influence sur le devenir de leur trajectoire familiale. / In Mexico, adolescent fertility is presented today as one of the major social problems. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of the family dynamics of women who became mothers during adolescence in a changing urban context. It compares three generations of women born in the second half of the twentieth century, a period of profound socio-demographic changes in Mexico (fertility decline, the increase of women education level, entry of women into the labor market, etc.). We have chosen a longitudinal approach to understand how this early fertility fits into the transition to adulthood. From the birth of the first child, we analyze the family trajectory of women, according to three major axes : the composition of the household, the marital history and the reproductive path. Obtained on the basis of data from the EDER retrospective biographical survey (2011) and semi-structured interviews in the city of Tijuana, the results reveal that the "precocity" of the process of family formation in urban areas does not necessarily means "specific" family trajectories. For those adolescent mothers, in a context where gender relations are highly unequal and social norms governing the settling-in the new-born child are strict, intergenerational relationships and the nature of relationships with the spouse will have an influence on the future of the family life course.

When the Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission tabled Bringing them home, its report into the separation of indigenous children from their families, it was criticised for failing to consider Indigenous child welfare within the context of contemporary standards. Non-Indigenous people who had experienced out-of-home care also questioned why their stories were not recognised. This thesis addresses those concerns, examining the origins and history of the welfare systems of NSW and Tasmania between 1880 and 1940. Tasmania, which had no specific policies on race or Indigenous children, provides fruitful ground for comparison with NSW, which had separate welfare systems for children defined as Indigenous and non-Indigenous. This thesis draws on the records of these systems to examine the gaps between ideology and policy and practice. The development of welfare systems was uneven, but there are clear trends. In the years 1880 to 1940 non-Indigenous welfare systems placed their faith in boarding-out (fostering) as the most humane method of caring for neglected and destitute children, although institutions and juvenile apprenticeship were never supplanted by fostering. Concepts of child welfare shifted from charity to welfare; that is, from simple removal to social interventions that would assist children's reform. These included education, and techniques to enlist the support of the child's family in its reform. The numbers of non-Indigenous children taken into care were reduced by economic and environmental measures, such as payments to single mothers. The NSW Aborigines Protection Board dismissed boarding-out as an option for Indigenous children and applied older methods, of institutionalisation and apprenticeship, to children it removed from reserves. As non-Indigenous welfare systems in both states were refined, the Protection Board clung to its original methods. It focussed on older children, whilst allowing reserves to deteriorate, and reducing the rights of Aboriginal people. This cannot simply be explained by race, for Tasmania did not adopt the same response. This study shows that the policies of the Aborigines Protection Board were not consonant with wider standards in child welfare of the time. However, the common thread between Indigenous and non-Indigenous child removal was the longing of children and their families for each other.

This thesis consists of three essays, which all concern the dynamics of pension reform. The first essay evaluates the financial balance and the demographic adjustability of the reformed Swedish pay-as-you-go pension system. The main findings are that the demographic adjustability of the system is poor. Furthermore, the financial balance and pension levels are, to a large degree, dependent on the pension fund and its returns. Making some alterations to the system's benefit formula may improve the adjustability of the system, as well as decreasing its pension fund dependency. It is also shown that the new public system imposes an age-dependent implicit tax on labor earnings that is falling with age. Within the pay-as-you-go system, this tax is large for younger workers for whom almost the whole contribution is regarded as a tax. By introducing a public defined contribution system, the total implicit tax may be reduced since the defined contribution system implies a negative implicit tax because savings are subsidized within the defined contribution system. In the second essay a three-generation OLG model for analyzing a privatization of PAYG old-age social security is developed. Furthermore, it proposes an explicit reform for how the privatization transition may be undertaken. The set of government policy instruments is limited to debt issuing and proportional labor income taxation. The possibilities of a Pareto-improving privatization, given the proposed reform, are then analyzed. Contrary to models where a two-generation OLG framework is used, the three-generation framework creates possibilities for a Pareto-improving privatization of old-age social security, since the PAYG system induces a non-optimal implicit tax over the life cycle. By shifting to an optimal tax policy cannot only the pension claims accrued under the PAYG system be financed, but the shift will also be Pareto-improving. In the third essay the performance of the reformed Latvian pay-as-you-go pension system is evaluated against the background of an exceptional projected decrease in the Latvian labor force. The pension system is designed to handle the upcoming difficulties, and special attention has been given in the design to keep the expenditures low relative to the revenues, by introducing rules dampening the increase in the pension expenditures. In the light of the pessimistic projection of the Latvian demography, the newly reformed PAYG system performs remarkably well. The expenditure reducing rules introduced have significant effects on the system's financial balance. The pension reform also includes the launch of a publicly run defined contributions pension system. It is shown that the resulting implicit tax imposed by the public pension system imposes on labor earnings is negative and increasing with age. That is, savings are subsidized in the public pension system. It is also shown that private savings are fully crowded out as individuals try to offset their savings in the pension system. Since individuals are capital constrained, they will have no private assets at all. From a welfare perspective, this suggests the overall contribution rate to the public pension system to be too high. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2002</p>

The aim of this study is to analyse the impacts of the social security system reform performed in Turkey within the

本研究在探討醫師採用不同世代產品行為受到醫院背景、個人因素及病患之影響，以全民健康保險資料庫進行大樣本迴歸分析，分析自中央健康保險局納入給付後醫師採用心臟支架的情形，並對醫師首次採用時間早晚進行研究分析。本研究以兩世代產品採用差異發掘創新擴散各階段醫師採用心臟支架的影響變數，並分為醫院-醫師-病患三個層次來做整體考量。實證結果顯示，從醫療院所的層級或權屬看來，醫院層級對醫師採用早晚無顯著影響，而私立醫院的醫師較早採用第二代產品。另外，在醫師個人特質方面，年齡越大的醫師越早採用產品，資深醫師會較晚採用第一代產品，而女性醫師也會較晚採用第一代產品。從病患影響的角度來看，醫師所遇到的病人願意自付比例高者，採用時間越早。而兩世代採用時間早晚也具相關性，越早採用第一代產品，也會越早採用第二代產品。 / The purpose of this research is to investigate the decision determinants of physician’s innovation adoption of multi-generations products. Based on the National Health Insurance database, this study focuses on analyzing the physician’s adoption time on coronary stent to verify the hypothetical determinants from hospital - physician - patient levels. The empirical results show that the academic level is not associated with physician’s innovation adoption time. Physician in private hospital is likely to adopt the second generation product earlier. In addition, physician’s personal characteristics- age, work experience and gender also have significant impacts upon physician’s adoption time. Elder physician will be early adopters of innovation products, and senior or female physician will be the late adopters of first-generation products. As to the influence of patients, if the physician’s patients are more willing to pay, the physician will adopt product earlier. Besides, the two generations have positive correlation, the earlier adopter in first-generation products will also adopt second-generation product earlier.