This dissertation has three aims: 1. To evaluate several ethical theories about responsibility towards future generations. 2. To construct a theory about responsibility towards future generations. 3. To carry out an ethical evaluation of different nuclear waste management methods. Five theories are evaluated with the help of evaluative criteria, primarily: A theory must provide future generations with some independent moral status. A theory should acknowledge moral pluralism. A theory should provide some normative claims about real-world problems. Derek Parfit’s theory provides future generations with full moral status. But it is incompatible with moral pluralism, and does not provide reasonable normative claims about real-world problems. Brian Barry’s theory provides such claims and a useful idea about risk management, but it does not provide an argument why future generations ought to exist. Avner de-Shalit’s theory explains why they ought to exist; however, his theory can not easily explain why we ought to care for other people than those in our own community. Emmanuel Agius’ theory gives an ontological explanation for mankind’s unity, but reduces conflicts of interests to a common good. Finally, Hans Jonas’ theory shifts the focus from the situation of future generations to the preconditions of human life generally. However, his theory presupposes a specific ontology, which might be unable to motivate people to act. The concluding chapters describe a narrative theory of responsibility. It claims that we should comprehend ourselves as parts of the common story of mankind and that we ought to provide future generations with equal opportunities. This implies that we should avoid transferring risks and focus on reducing the long-term risks associated with the nuclear waste.

Due to a major generational renewal within the public sector, a large number of managers are anticipated to be recruited in the near future. Management in public sector is often separated from management in private sector, since public businesses has special demands to consider. The public management is also distinguished due to the fact that they have responsibility over a larger number of employees than managers within other branches of industry. During the last few decades, the public sector has reformed and taken on a more corporate like structure, which has transformed the public leadership. Previous research on public leadership and general leaderships theories has shown that management is more successful if the manager is able to interface with its employees. To favour the leadership it is important for managers to be aware of the employees’ expectations and demands. These facts make it interesting to study which expectations that lies on managers within the public sector. Due to this, this study aims to create an image of how preschool management is perceived by public preschool employees and to elucidate employees’ expectations of future public managers. Our central questions are:• From a preschool employees perspective, what does it entail to be a preschool manager within the public sector?•    What are preschool employees expectations of their future preschool managers? To answer these questions, interviews were held with six preschool teachers from two different preschools in Örebro kommun. The results showed to some extent similar perceptions and expectations on preschool managers, but the empirics also revealed great differences in some standings. The conclusions drawn from the study is that employees have distinct expectations on their managers, especially considering distinctness and the ability to listen. / Genom ett aktuellt generationsskifte inom offentlig sektor förväntas ett stort antal nya chefer, bland annat inom förskolan, tillsättas. Att vara chef inom offentlig sektor skiljs ofta från att vara chef inom privat sektor, då offentliga verksamheter har en annan kravbild över sig än vad privata verksamheter har. Det offentliga chefskapet särskiljs även då dessa chefer i regel är ansvariga över ett större antal anställda än chefer inom andra branscher. Under de senaste årtiondena har den offentliga sektorn reformerats mot en mer företagslik struktur, vilket förändrat det offentliga ledarskapet. Tidigare forskning inom offentligt ledarskap samt inom generell ledarskapsteori har konstaterat att det är lättare att vara framgångsrik i sitt ledarskap om man som chef har ett lyckat samspel med sina medarbetare. Att som chef känna till vilka krav och förväntningar som finns från medarbetarnas sida kan också underlätta för ledarskapet. Detta gör det intressant att studera vilka förväntningar som finns på chefskapet inom offentlig sektor. Därmed syftar denna studie till att skapa en bild av hur förskolechefsrollen uppfattas av offentligt anställda förskollärare och belysa deras förväntningar på framtida förskolechefer. Frågeställningar:•    Vad innebär förskolechefsrollen ur en förskollärares perspektiv?•    Vilka förväntningar har förskollärare på sina framtida förskolechefer? För att besvara dessa frågeställningar intervjuades sex stycken förskollärare från två olika förskolor inom Örebro kommun. Resultatet visade till viss del på liknande uppfattningar och förväntningar på förskolechefer, men visade också på stora skillnader i vissa avseenden. De slutsatser som kunde dras var att det finns tydliga förväntningar på chefen från medarbetarnas sida, särskilt vad gäller lyhördhet och tydlighet.

En ny generation har etablerat sig på arbetsmarknaden med andra egenskaper och förväntningar på ledarskap än generationerna innan. Studiens syfte blev därmed att undersöka chefers erfarenheter av att leda medarbetare som tillhör generation Y, i förhållande till andra generationer. Frågeställningarna berörde vad chefer anser kännetecknar generation Y som medarbetare samt hur chefer upplever sitt ledarskap i förhållande till generation Y. Studiens resultat analyserades i relation till teori om situationsanpassat ledarskap samt efterföljarskap. Metoden bestod av kvalitativa intervjuer tillsammans med chefer på organisationer inom olika branscher i en större stad i Sverige. Resultatet visar att generation Y som medarbetare upplevs vara självcentrerade och flexibla samt ha krav på utveckling, ett personligt ledarskap och att bli tilldelade meningsfulla arbetsuppgifter. De beskrivs också ha egenskaper som passar organisationen de arbetar för och en osäkerhet ifall deras egenskaper beror på deras ålder eller generation uttrycks. Chefer beskriver sitt ledarskap i relation till generation Y som att det fokuserar på individens och kontextens behov genom att bygga upp en relation till generation Y som medarbetare. / A new generation has established itself on the labor market with other characteristics and expectations of leadership than the generations before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate managers’ experiences of leading employees who belong to Generation Y, i relation to other generations. The research questions covered what managers consider represents Generation Y as employees and how managers experience their leadership in relation to Generation Y. The study's results were analyzed in relation to theory about situational leadership in relation to theory about leaders’ followers. The method consisted of qualitative interviews of managers at organizations within different line of business in a larger city in Sweden. The results show that Generation Y as employees are considered to be self-centered and flexible, also to have demands on development, a personal leadership and to be assigned meaningful tasks. They are also described to have qualities that are suitable for the organization they work for and an uncertainty about whether their characteristics is because of their age or generation is expressed. Managers describe their leadership in relation to Generation Y as that it focuses on the needs of the individual and the context by building up a relationship with Generation Y as an employee.

A presente pesquisa é um estudo sobre a memória ferroviária na qual buscamos verificar como a memória da ferrovia, especificamente o conjunto ferroviário da Cia. Paulista de Estradas de Ferro em Rio Claro-SP, se reproduz e é ressignificada no contexto urbano atual pelas novas gerações, que tiveram pouco ou nenhum contato com a ferrovia, mas se deparam cotidianamente com os símbolos dessa época. Por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com ex-operários da companhia, jovens e adultos buscamos identificar se esta memória coletiva se mantém na atualidade. Pudemos perceber a permanência de uma identidade ferroviária, tão reforçada no passado, que ainda se perpetua nas novas gerações, mostrando como os vínculos entre a memória e o espaço, memória e grupos, memória e tempo, favorecem a construção das memórias na atualidade e perpassam diferentes gerações que atribuem diferentes significados aos acontecimentos do passado. / This research is a study on the railway memory in which we verify how the memory of the railroad, specifically rail assembly Cia. Paulista Railways at Rio Claro-SP, reproduces and is re-signified in the current urban context by new generations have had little or no contact with the railroad, but are faced daily with the symbols of that era. Through semi-structured individual interviews with former workers of the company, youth and adults we are able to identify what remains from that collective memory today. We realized the permanence of a railway identity, as reinforced in the past, which still perpetuates in the new generations, showing the links between memory and space, memory and groups, memory and time, favor the construction of memories today and crossing different generations who attribute different meanings to the events of the past.

Objetivos: Esta Dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar os índices de notificação de Aids e as divisões geracionais, considerando fatores históricos e Políticas Públicas em Saúde voltadas para a Aids no estado de São Paulo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo de caráter epidemiológico, analisando os dados de notificação de Aids do estado de São Paulo. Para descrição dos resultados foram utilizadas frequência absoluta e a porcentagem para as variáveis categóricas; Regressão Logística; Teste de Associação e; Análise de incidência. Resultados: Foram analisados 25.693 participantes de pesquisa com notificação para Aids entre os anos de 1980 a 2014 e idade entre 14 a 25 anos. O principal achado refere-se ao período dentre 1989 a 2004, em que os casos notificados do sexo masculino com categoria de exposição heterossexual foram maiores que os caso notificados do sexo masculino com categoria de exposição HSH (Homens que fazem sexo com Homens). Quando analisado por gerações, a maioria dos notificados de Aids são referentes aos indivíduos do sexo masculino, sobretudo para a geração baby boomer. A Geração X foi a mais acometida por notificações no geral, tendo 63% do total de casos registrados para esse recorte de dados. Conclusões: No período de 1980 a 1998 as gerações que tiveram como categoria de exposição foram HSH, predominantemente. É observado aumento de casos para o sexo masculino heterossexual entre os anos de 1989 a 2004. Entretendo, não é observado nas ações de políticas públicas avaliadas qualquer ação mais fundamentada para alertar esta população em específico. Faz-se necessário, a partir dos dados coletados, que ocorra maior investimento em conscientização da população como um todo, principalmente das consideradas menos vulneráveis / Objectives: This dissertation aimed to evaluate the AIDS notification indexes and the generational divisions, considering historical factors and Public Health Policies focused on AIDS in the state of São Paulo. Methodology: This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study, analyzing the AIDS notification data from the state of São Paulo. Absolute frequency and percentage for categorical variables were used to describe the results; Logistic Regression; Association Test e; Incidence analysis. Results: A total of 25,693 research participants with AIDS reports were analyzed between 1980 and 2014 and aged between 14 and 25 years. The main finding refers to the period from 1989 to 2004, where notified cases of males with a heterosexual exposure category were higher than the reported cases of males with MSM exposure category (Men who have sex with men). When analyzed by generations, the majority of reported AIDS are male, especially for the baby boomer generation. Generation X was the most affected by notifications in general, with 63% of the total cases registered for this data cut. Conclusions: In the period from 1980 to 1998 the generations that had exposure category were predominantly MSM. There is an increase in cases for heterosexual males between 1989 and 2004. Among the actions of public policies evaluated, it is not observed any more grounded action to alert this specific population. It is necessary, from the data collected, that occurs a higher investment in awareness of the population as a whole, especially those considered less vulnerable

A presente pesquisa é um estudo sobre a memória ferroviária na qual buscamos verificar como a memória da ferrovia, especificamente o conjunto ferroviário da Cia. Paulista de Estradas de Ferro em Rio Claro-SP, se reproduz e é ressignificada no contexto urbano atual pelas novas gerações, que tiveram pouco ou nenhum contato com a ferrovia, mas se deparam cotidianamente com os símbolos dessa época. Por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com ex-operários da companhia, jovens e adultos buscamos identificar se esta memória coletiva se mantém na atualidade. Pudemos perceber a permanência de uma identidade ferroviária, tão reforçada no passado, que ainda se perpetua nas novas gerações, mostrando como os vínculos entre a memória e o espaço, memória e grupos, memória e tempo, favorecem a construção das memórias na atualidade e perpassam diferentes gerações que atribuem diferentes significados aos acontecimentos do passado. / This research is a study on the railway memory in which we verify how the memory of the railroad, specifically rail assembly Cia. Paulista Railways at Rio Claro-SP, reproduces and is re-signified in the current urban context by new generations have had little or no contact with the railroad, but are faced daily with the symbols of that era. Through semi-structured individual interviews with former workers of the company, youth and adults we are able to identify what remains from that collective memory today. We realized the permanence of a railway identity, as reinforced in the past, which still perpetuates in the new generations, showing the links between memory and space, memory and groups, memory and time, favor the construction of memories today and crossing different generations who attribute different meanings to the events of the past.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LARA VOLLMER.pdf: 9517427 bytes, checksum: f8c1e4c6c5dca8d99f344ee968da47cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-20 / The discourse surrounding sustainability appears in the means of communication like a powerful tool of persuasion in favor of consumption. The choice of products and services has brought with it, now more than ever, ethical, cultural, environmental, social and political implications. Within this scenario, this study seeks to understand the questions relative to green discourse, sustainability and the different forms of reflexivity of modern life, whose social practices are constantly examined and reformulated in light of information, as proposed by Giddens (1991). The study seeks to promote reflection on the circulation of green discourse and its appropriations by women of different generations, using an exploratory referential product packaging, which today acts as a strong vehicle of consumer communication and mobilization. It also seeks to better understand the relations between these generations and the topic proposed, locating convergence and divergence, points of conflict, reflexivity, fault and trust, and other aspects. To achieve this, we will use oral reports, narratives of consumption and analysis of discourse as empirical research methods, as well as on location observations of semi-structured interviews as methodological techniques, which will allow us to follow a temporal and textual path through the culture and social memory of these different generations. We will attempt to problematize the intersections between discourse an practice that emerge from the everyday experiences of these people, which will allow us to engage in a more in-depth reflection on the social uses of packaging as support for the promotion of education and civic engagement. / O discurso acerca da sustentabilidade desponta nos meios de comunicação como uma poderosa ferramenta de persuasão ao consumo. A escolha de serviços e produtos tem suscitado, mais do que nunca, implicações éticas, culturais, ambientais, sociais e políticas. Dentro desse panorama, este trabalho busca compreender as questões relativas ao discurso verde, sustentabilidade e as diversas formas de reflexividade da vida moderna, cujas práticas sociais vêm sendo constantemente examinadas e reformadas à luz da informação, conforme propõe Giddens (1991). Objetiva-se promover uma reflexão sobre a circulação do discurso verde e suas apropriações por mulheres de diferentes gerações, utilizando como referencial exploratório as embalagens, que hoje atuam como fortes veículos de comunicação e mobilização do consumidor. Pretende-se também compreender melhor as relações dessas gerações com o tema proposto, localizando convergências e divergências, pontos de conflito, reflexividade, culpa e confiança, entre outros fatores. Para tanto, utilizaremos a história oral, narrativas de consumo e análise de discurso como métodos da pesquisa empírica, bem como observações in loco entrevistas semi estruturadas como técnicas metodológicas, o que permitirá traçar um percurso temporal e textual através da cultura e da memória social dessas diferentes gerações. Trataremos de problematizar as intersecções entre discurso e prática que emergem do cotidiano dessas pessoas, e assim se poderá chegar a uma reflexão mais profunda sobre os usos sociais das embalagens como aporte para a promoção de educação e cidadania.

The master's thesis is concerned with the progress of teaching staff in the context of intergenerational learning in nursery and primary schools. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part defines the concept of intergenerational learning and describes further connected terms. It is also dealt with the issue of the work environment and the specifics of the school organization, which distinguishes from the ordinary organization and points to the importance of the cooperation of the teaching staff. It defines the intergenerational teachings of teachers and further characterizes its forms, contents and types. The practical part consists of a research survey in the environment of schools, the respondents of which are teaching staff of nursery and elementary schools - teachers, educators, special educators, teachers' assistants and directors of these organizations. The aim of this work is to specify the conditions and critical spots in the pedagogical environment using structured questionnaires in the use of intergenerational learning in primary and nursery schools, to identify its most frequent forms and to define the contents in which it is used most often. The survey was carried out using a quantitative method in the form of a structured questionnaire on the basis of which research...

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-06T12:54:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel Carlos Bagio_.pdf: 1270600 bytes, checksum: 7a04f97a44d449c81a1ea7d785f197db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T12:54:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel Carlos Bagio_.pdf: 1270600 bytes, checksum: 7a04f97a44d449c81a1ea7d785f197db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-16 / Nenhuma / Com a evolução das organizações e a globalização, a liderança deixa de ser um instrumento de cobrança e passa a ganhar um caráter mais inspirador, para agregar valor e moldar o espírito coletivo de trabalho. As organizações constituem-se um ambiente diverso, nas quais diferentes gerações se encontram e, ao mesmo tempo, compartilham e difundem experiências. Estas diferenças geracionais demandam relações de liderança mais contextuais, moldáveis e flexíveis, ocasionando, portanto, mudanças nas relações de poder no trabalho. O poder assume especial relevância no estudo, indo além da posição hierárquica, para ser compreendido como um resultado das interações internas e externas da organização e ser entendido como um sistema de influências, organizacionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar como as Gerações Y e Z percebem as relações de liderança e poder dentro das organizações bancárias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, onde foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 20 profissionais que atuam como bancários em diferentes instituições na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Todas as entrevistas realizadas foram gravadas em áudio, transcritas e categorizadas, sendo organizadas e analisadas por meio do software NVivo10®. Para discussão e interpretação dos dados de pesquisa, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados estão dispostos em seis unidades de análise: 1) ações organizacionais para melhorar as relações de trabalho; 2) aspectos geracionais que interferem no ambiente de trabalho; 3) comportamentos do líder que influenciam e ajudam no desenvolvimento do liderado; 4) percepções acerca da relação de poder; 5) expectativas em relação ao líder na organização; 6) e dificuldades percebidas nas relações de trabalho. Os principais resultados sinalizam que não há um processo estratégico das empresas em aproveitar essa interação entre as diferenças geracionais. As organizações bancárias devem aprender com essas mudanças, identificando e trabalhando na sinergia destas diferenças. Há necessidade de melhorar a qualidade de seus líderes. Considerando que as novas gerações buscam encontrar gestores que possuam as habilidades de coaching. Exercendo o poder através de relações informais, com incentivos ao desenvolvimento e transformação. As estruturas e segmentos necessitam de nova concepção, a qual favoreça a integração e o desenvolvimento de laços de trabalho. Desse modo, as contribuições destacadas nesta pesquisa abrangeram a academia, o meio empresarial e os gestores. / With the evolution of organizations and globalization, leadership ceases to be an instrument of collection and begins to gain a more inspiring character, to add value and shape the collective spirit of work. Organizations are a diverse environment, where different generations meet and, at the same time, share and disseminate experiences. These generational differences demand more contextual, moldable, and flexible leadership relations, thus leading to changes in power relations at work. Power takes on special relevance in the study, going beyond the hierarchical position, to be understood as a result of the internal and external interactions of the organization and to be understood as a system of influences. Organizations. The present study had as objective to analyze how Generations Y and Z perceive the relations of leadership and power within the banking organizations. This is a qualitative research, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 professionals who work as bankers in different institutions in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. All interviews were recorded in audio, transcribed and categorized, and organized and analyzed using NVivo10® software. For the discussion and interpretation of the research data, the content analysis was used. The results are arranged in six units of analysis: 1) organizational actions to improve labor relations; 2) generational aspects that interfere in the work environment; 3) behaviors of the leader that influence and help the development of the leader; 4) perceptions about the power relationship; 5) expectations regarding the leader in the organization; 6) and perceived difficulties in labor relations. The main results indicate that there is no strategic process by companies to take advantage of this interaction between generational differences. Banking organizations must learn from these changes by identifying and working on the synergy of these differences. There is a need to improve the quality of your leaders. Whereas the new generations seek to find managers who possess the skills of coaching. Where power must be exercised through informal relations, with incentives for development and transformation. The structures and segments need new conception, where it favors the integration and the development of working ties. Thus, the contributions highlighted in this research covered the academy, business environment and managers.

This research was designed to develop an understanding of today's multigenerational workforce with respect to a preferred styles or characteristics of followership and leadership. Specifically this research sought to determine if there was a relationship between an individual's generational cohort and the preferred styles of leadership and followership, as measured by implicit theories of leadership and followership. Therefore, this study draws upon generational theory (Mannheim, 1952), implicit theories of leadership (Epitropaki & Martin, 2004) and implicit theories of followership (Sy, 2010). The changes in the composition of the US workforce which have occurred, and which will continue to occur in the near future, make it appropriate and timely to jointly examine followership and leadership, particularly from a generational perspective. By examining the various US workforce generational cohorts, the potential exists to uncover additional insight that has been absent from the extant literature. The sample population consisted of Baby Boomer, Gen X and Millennial employees drawn from individuals working for an integrated delivery and financing system in the Northeastern US, as well as individuals recruited via social media (N = 249). The implicit leadership scale (Epitropaki & Martin, 2004) was utilized to measure participant's preferred characteristics of leaders. The implicit followership scale (Sy, 2010) was utilized to measure participant's preferred characteristics of followers. Data analysis was conducted utilizing principal components analysis (PCA) to determine the factor structures of both leadership and followership. A one-way ANOVA was conducted on the results of these factor analyses to test whether there were any differences which could be attributed to membership in a generational cohort. Cluster analysis was also conducted. The results indicated that generation does not significantly influence an individual's preferred characteristics of leaders or followers. Implications for theory, practice and further research are also discussed.