Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-12-09T13:47:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RayaneNogueiradosSantosDissertacao2015.pdf: 555926 bytes, checksum: f0d1ecfbcace9fe6c92b10a14d0327c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T13:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayaneNogueiradosSantosDissertacao2015.pdf: 555926 bytes, checksum: f0d1ecfbcace9fe6c92b10a14d0327c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Acute gastroenteritis, especially in developing countries, is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, which affects people of all social classes. The knowledge of etiological agent assists the choice of a treatment strategy, but also directs epidemiological studies for control measures and disease prevention, as the development of vaccines and diagnostic tests. Metagenomic approaches enable the detection of viral sequences to determine the virus population present in the stool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viroma of human feces in 4 distinct groups, consisting of diarrheal stool samples from children, diarrheal from adults, no diarrhea from adults and immunocompromised, identifying likely pathogens involved in cases of gastroenteritis. The viral metagenomic execution method consists of the semi-purification, extraction of RNA and DNA, amplification of RNA and DNA, library construction, sequencing and analysis of the data by bioinformatics. In the analysis of the first group were detecting bacteriophages, astrovirus and torque teno virus; in the second group were identified, among others, bacteriophages, adenoviruses and torque teno virus; the third group of viruses Circoviridae family and bacteriophages; in the fourth group adenovirus, torque teno virus, gyrovirus and human papillomavirus. These results emphasize what has been identified in the literature and provides evidence that viral metagenomics has facilitated advances in the field of virology, for being a sensitive technique for the detection of viruses which can not be identified by traditional culture.Acute gastroenteritis, especially in developing countries, is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, which affects people of all social classes. The knowledge of etiological agent assists the choice of a treatment strategy, but also directs epidemiological studies for control measures and disease prevention, as the development of vaccines and diagnostic tests. Metagenomic approaches enable the detection of viral sequences to determine the virus population present in the stool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viroma of human feces in 4 distinct groups, consisting of diarrheal stool samples from children, diarrheal from adults, no diarrhea from adults and immunocompromised, identifying likely pathogens involved in cases of gastroenteritis. The viral metagenomic execution method consists of the semi-purification, extraction of RNA and DNA, amplification of RNA and DNA, library construction, sequencing and analysis of the data by bioinformatics. In the analysis of the first group were detecting bacteriophages, astrovirus and torque teno virus; in the second group were identified, among others, bacteriophages, adenoviruses and torque teno virus; the third group of viruses Circoviridae family and bacteriophages; in the fourth group adenovirus, torque teno virus, gyrovirus and human papillomavirus. These results emphasize what has been identified in the literature and provides evidence that viral metagenomics has facilitated advances in the field of virology, for being a sensitive technique for the detection of viruses which can not be identified by traditional culture. / A gastroenterite aguda, especialmente em pa??ses em desenvolvimento, ?? uma importante causa de mortalidade e morbidade, que atinge pessoas de todas as classes sociais. O conhecimento do agente etiol??gico nestas infec????es auxilia a escolha da estrat??gia de tratamento, como tamb??m direciona estudos epidemiol??gicos para medidas de controle e preven????o de doen??a, como o desenvolvimento de vacinas e testes diagn??sticos. Abordagens metagen??micas possibilitam a detec????o de sequ??ncias virais, para determinar a popula????o viral presente nas fezes. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o viroma de fezes humanas em 4 grupos distintos, sendo composto por amostras fecais diarreicas de crian??as, diarreicas de adultos, n??o diarreicas de adultos e de imunocomprometidos, identificando prov??veis pat??genos envolvidos nos quadros de gastroenterite. O m??todo de execu????o da metagen??mica viral consistiu na semi-purifica????o, extra????o de RNA e DNA, amplifica????o do RNA e DNA, constru????o da biblioteca, sequenciamento e an??lises dos dados por bioinform??tica. Na an??lise do primeiro grupo houve detec????o de bacteri??fagos, astrov??rus e torque teno v??rus; no segundo grupo foram identificados, entre outros, bacteri??fagos, adenov??rus e torque teno v??rus; no terceiro grupo v??rus da fam??lia Circoviridae e de bacteri??fagos; no quarto grupo adenov??rus, torque teno v??rus, gyrovirus e papilomav??rus humano. Esses resultados enfatizam o que tem se identificado na literatura e fornece evid??ncia de que a metagen??mica viral tem facilitado os avan??os no campo da virologia, sendo esta, uma t??cnica sens??vel para a detec????o de v??rus que n??o podem ser identificados por cultura tradicional.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 339322.pdf: 1653589 bytes, checksum: d689038c4289a5fddd155a2613f7d033 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-29 / O v?rus da Hepatite B (HBV), mesmo depois de eliminado, deixa marcas sorol?gicas que podem demonstrar esse contato pr?vio ou infec??o oculta. O perfil de marcadores permite identificar os diferentes est?gios da infec??o pelo HBV. O objetivo do presente estudo foi definir o perfil sorol?gico e molecular de indiv?duos de uma ?rea de baixa endemicidade para o HBV exclu?dos de doa??o de sangue por apresentarem anticorpos contra o ant?geno do cerne do HBV (anti-HBc total), apesar de negativos para o ant?geno de superf?cie do HBV (HBsAg). Um estudo transversal foi delineado para avaliar o perfil sorol?gico e molecular de indiv?duos anti-HBc total reagente e HBsAg negativo impedidos da doa??o sang??nea no Banco de Sangue do HSL-PUCRS. No per?odo de mar?o/2003 a maio/2005 foram selecionados 244 indiv?duos, todos apenas anti-HBc total reagente, com os demais marcadores rotineiramente testados negativos. As vari?veis do estudo foram os seguintes marcadores: t?tulo de anticorpos contra o HBsAg (anti-HBs), ant?geno e do HBV (HBeAg), anticorpos contra o HBeAg (anti-HBe) e HBV-DNA. Os marcadores sorol?gicos foram determinados utilizando kits comerciais Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics) e a pesquisa molecular de HBV foi realizada atrav?s da rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). A amostra do estudo foi composta por 244 impedimentos, sendo que 85,7% j? apresentavam t?tulos de anti-HBs 10 UI/L. Em rela??o aos marcadores relacionados com a replica??o viral, das 164 amostras testadas, todas foram HBeAg n?o-reagentes e 66,5% apresentavam anti-HBe reagente. Todas amostras testadas para o HBV-DNA (n=241) foram negativas. A an?lise estat?stica mostrou uma associa??o significativa entre anti-HBe e t?tulos de anti-HBs, onde os indiv?duos anti-HBe reagente apresentaram uma associa??o positiva com t?tulos anti-HBs forte-protetores (P=0,026). A partir dos dados do presente estudo, ? poss?vel concluir que estes indiv?duos de uma zona considerada de baixa endemicidade para o HBV, exclu?dos de doa??o sang??nea por apresentarem anti-HBc total reagente isolado, apresentaram, na maioria das vezes, t?tulos de anti-HBs que lhe conferem imunidade contra o HBV, al?m de n?o apresentarem HBV-DNA circulante.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-04 / In an attempt to pathogen reduction in sewage sludge there are several post treatments alternatives, such as thermal drying, lime stabilization, composting and others. The present study aimed to evaluate an alternative process to reduce pathogens in sewage sludge by using mango processing waste, which contains antimicrobial properties against gram-positive and negative bacteria. The sewage sludge from UASB reactor was stabilized for 30 days in drying bed and submitted to the sanitization process with different concentrations of mango?s peel (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)) and kernel seed (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)), with sewage sludge as a positive control and alkalinized sludge as negative control. It was monitored total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli concentrations over 90 days (at 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days), as well as determination of total and volatile solids, moisture, total organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, phosphorus and viable helminthes eggs. The results indicated that the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of treatments showed little variation during the trial period. At day 90, the levels of total and fecal coliforms were <3 MPN/g TS in positive and negative controls as well as in most of treatments with mango?s residues. The use of mango?s kernel seed or peel resulted in a reduction of 99.9999% of enterococci, 99.999% of E. coli and 99% of salmonella numbers present at the beginning of this evaluation. Although there has been a reduction in the levels of pathogens, the biosolids obtained still has restrictions for agricultural use, according to current Brazilian legislation: CONAMA Resolution 375/06 and Normative Instruction N0 64/2008 of the Ministry of Agriculture. / Na tentativa de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto existem varias alternativas de p?s-tratamentos tais como: secagem t?rmica, estabiliza??o com cal, compostagem entre outros. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um processo alternativo de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto pelo uso de res?duos do processamento da manga, que contem propriedades antimicrobianas contra bact?rias gram-positivas e negativas. O lodo de esgoto proveniente do reator UASB foi estabilizado por 30 dias em leito de secagem e submetido ao processo de higieniza??o com diferentes concentra??es de casca (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) e de semente (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) de manga, utilizando como controle positivo o lodo seco e controle negativo o lodo seco alcalinizado. Foram monitoradas as concentra??es de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Salmonella spp. Enterococus spp. e Escherichia coli ao longo de 90 dias (nos tempos 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias), bem como a determina??o de s?lidos totais, s?lidos vol?teis, umidade, carbono org?nico total, nitrog?nio, pH, fosforo e ovos vi?veis de helmintos. Os resultados indicaram que as concentra??es de carbono, nitrog?nio e f?sforo dos tratamentos analisados apresentaram pouca varia??o durante o per?odo de avalia??o. Ao final dos 90 dias, os n?veis de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram <3 NMP/g ST no controle positivo e negativo, bem como na maioria dos tratamentos com res?duos de manga. A utiliza??o de casca ou semente de manga resultou na redu??o de 99,9999% dos Enterococos, 99,999% de E. coli e 99% da salmonela presente no in?cio da avalia??o. Embora tenha havido redu??o nos n?veis de pat?genos, o bioss?lido obtido ainda apresenta restri??es de uso agr?cola, de acordo com as legisla??es brasileiras vigentes: Resolu??o CONAMA 375/06 e Instru??o normativa N0 64/2008 do Minist?rio da Agricultura.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaVAC_DISSERT.pdf: 2111666 bytes, checksum: 5b317150d6db63bae04e852173ace9d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Visceral leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania chagasi, also known as calazar, presented, in the period from 1990 to 2005, tax of incidence in Brazil varying between 1 and 3 cases for 100 000 inhabitants. The Northeast region that up to the year of 2000 contributed with almost 90% of the registered cases is reducing his participation in the current decade, reaching 56% in 2005. Conventional leishmaniasis treatment is costly and it shows high toxicity, demanding more research for alternative treatments, with special interest in development of vaccines and diagnosis kits which include production of recombinant antigens by host cells. Escherichia coli has been the microorganism most studied and used as a host for recombinant protein production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the influence of induction on cellular growth and to verify the type of Leishmania chagasi antigens expression (intra or extracellular) during two recombinant E. coli clones (kmp11 and P36) cultivation in rotary incubator (shaker) using three different media (2xTY, TB, FASS+EL). For that, tests were carried out using conditions established in the literature for E. coli (37?C and 200 rpm) and media supplemented with antibiotics to guarantee that only competent cells grows. First, tests were carried out without induction in order to verify the two microorganisms kinetic behavior (growth and substrate consumption) in different media. Next, the induction was carried out through the addition of IPTG (1mM as final concentration), at the first hour of cultivation. It was observed that protein expression were intracellular for all clones and media tested, however the highest level of expression was clearly observed by the electrophoresis band density (intensity) for 2xTY medium and kmp11 protein. Although it contains the lowest substrate concentration, consequently, a reduced cellular concentration when compared to other media, it appeared that this medium and clone combination is the most indicated for recombinant protein production. Therefore, the objective of this work was achieved, since the interested proteins were produced. Consequently, this result motivates new studies for production optimization using different cultivation strategies / A leishmaniose visceral, causada pela esp?cie Leishmania chagasi, tamb?m conhecida como calazar, apresentou, no per?odo de 1990 a 2005, taxa de incid?ncia no Brasil variando entre 1 e 3 casos por 100 mil habitantes. A regi?o Nordeste, que at? o ano de 2000 contribuiu com quase 90% dos casos registrados, est? reduzindo sua participa??o na d?cada atual, chegando a 56% em 2005. O alto custo e toxicidade das drogas usadas no tratamento convencional dessa leishmaniose levaram a busca de tratamentos alternativos, com interesse especial na pesquisa e produ??o de ant?genos por microrganismos recombinantes para desenvolvimento de vacinas e kits de diagn?stico. A bact?ria Escherichia coli tem sido o microrganismo mais estudado e usado como hospedeiro para produ??o de prote?nas recombinantes. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a influ?ncia da indu??o no crescimento celular e a verifica??o do tipo de express?o (intra ou extracelular) de ant?genos de Leishmania chagasi atrav?s de cultivo de dois clones de E. coli recombinante (kmp11 e P36) em incubador rotativo (shaker) usando tr?s meios diferentes (2xTY, TB, FASS+EL). Para isso, foram realizados ensaios em condi??es estabelecidas na literatura para E. coli (37?C ? 200 rpm) e os meios suplementados com antibi?ticos para garantir somente o crescimento de c?lulas competentes. Na primeira etapa, foram realizados ensaios sem indu??o a fim de se verificar o comportamento cin?tico dos dois clones (crescimento e consumo de substrato) nos diferentes meios. Na segunda etapa, a indu??o foi realizada atrav?s da adi??o de IPTG (concentra??o final de 1mM), na primeira hora de cultivo. Foi observada que a express?o das prote?nas foi intracelular para todos os clones e meios testados, entretanto o maior n?vel foi verificado nitidamente pela densidade (intensidade) da banda nos g?is de eletroforese para o meio 2xTY e prote?na kmp11. Apesar de o meio 2xTY conter uma menor concentra??o de substratos, conseq?entemente, uma concentra??o celular reduzida quando comparada aos outros meios, pareceu que esta combina??o de meio e clone ? mais indicada para produ??o das prote?nas recombinantes testadas neste trabalho. O objetivo desse trabalho foi alcan?ado j? que a prote?na de interesse foi produzida. Conseq?entemente, este resultado motiva novos estudos para otimiza??o da produ??o usando diferentes estrat?gias de cultivo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaESCN_DISSERT.pdf: 3458864 bytes, checksum: 6b06fb94520d3a026b77d84075a303b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / Oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris are chronic diseases mucous membrane immune of unknown aetiology that can be observed affecting to the oral mucous. A relevant as regards neoplasies the role angiogenesis in the inflammatory chronic disease pathogenesis as it provides a substancial interest can be considered as being an activity diseases marker; besides being through specialised research of this angiogenic process to improve of understanding pathogenic mechanism. This research proposes to assess angiogenic active through of antibody immunohistochemistry expression antiCD34 antibody in 26 OLP of reticular cases, 14 OLP erosives cases, 18 of PV cases and 15 specimens of normal oral mucosa. The result was submitted non-parametric tests of 5% significance level. It is not statistically significant correlacion was seen regarding between average vessels. However, only be effectively observed the median of OLP cases was larger than pemphigus vulgaris in fact proved average larger than oral normal mucosa (p=0,280). Regarding the microvascular count of CD34 concerning clinic form oral lichen planus (reticular and erosion) increased emphasis is more cross-border average for the form erosion clinic. Despite of the statistic tests could not be more effective (p=0,720). Even though, the results of the research is not sufficient to enable to consider of angiogenic process in the pathogenesis and lesions progression of oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris, we suggest this process is present in both forms lesion, however, more studies must be made in the near future in order to prepare a well-founded proposal / O L?quen Plano Oral e o P?nfigo Vulgar s?o doen?as imunol?gicas cr?nicas mucocut?neas de etiologias desconhecidas que podem acometer a mucosa oral. T?o importante quanto em neoplasias o papel da angiog?nese na patogenia das doen?as inflamat?rias cr?nicas ? de apreci?vel interesse, podendo ser considerado um marcador da atividade da doen?a; al?m de atrav?s da investiga??o desse processo angiog?nico aprimorar o entendimento do mecanismo patog?nico das mesmas. Este trabalho se prop?s a avaliar a atividade angiog?nica atrav?s da express?o imunoistoqu?mica do anticorpo anti-CD34 em 26 casos de LPO reticulares, 14 casos de LPO erosivos e em 18 casos de PV. Os resultados deste experimento foram submetidos a testes estat?stico n?o-param?tricos com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. N?o foram observadas diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre o n?mero m?dio de vasos obtidos pela MVC nas les?es. Todavia, foi observado que a mediana dos casos de l?quen plano oral foi maior que no grupo de p?nfigo vulgar, que por sua vez revelou mediana maior que nos casos de mucosa oral normal (p=0,280). No tocante a contagem microvascular de CD34 em rela??o ? forma cl?nica dos l?quens planos orais (reticular e erosivo), verificou-se uma mediana ligeiramente maior para a forma cl?nica erosiva. Apesar de os testes estat?sticos utilizados n?o demonstrarem diferen?a significativa (p=0,720). Ainda que os resultados do presente estudo n?o permitam a afirma??o contundente da participa??o do processo angiog?nico na patog?nese e progress?o das les?es de l?quen plano oral e p?nfigo vulgar, sugerimos que este processo est? presente em ambas as les?es, por?m outros estudos devem ser realizados a fim de que essa hip?tese seja fundamentada

Submitted by Carolina Neves (carolinapon@uefs.br) on 2016-08-10T00:55:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diserta??o_Uiliane.pdf: 2196502 bytes, checksum: 19a832ffbbf5c04770799ccc45403039 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T00:55:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diserta??o_Uiliane.pdf: 2196502 bytes, checksum: 19a832ffbbf5c04770799ccc45403039 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The cultures of vine and tomato have an important economic role in Brazil. However phytosanitary issues can compromise the productivity of crops, one issue which stands out are diseases caused by fungi and bacteria that result in immeasurable harm to farmers. Considering the economic, environmental impact and health of the population resulting from the massive use of pesticides it is extremely important that there as studies done to find an alternative control of diseases, such as the use of natural products with antimicrobial activity. Plant extracts and essential oils appear as potential alternatives that can be incorporated into management of phytopathogens, since they can be highly volatile and low persistence, which results in less contamination of the environment. In this context, the Lamiaceae family species is notable for presenting important biological activities, among them high antimicrobial activity. Based on the above, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and essential oils of species of Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. Ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore, Gymneia platanifolia (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore and Medusantha martiusii (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore against bacteria as Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Naydu) Dye e Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), causing bacterial canker of grapevine and tomato bacterial wilt, respectively, and fungi causing rots post-harvest vine Aspergilus niger Van Tieghem, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.:Fr.) Link, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl e Rhizopus sp. The plant species were harvested at Feira de Santana, BA. The collected material (leaves) after drying at ambient temperature, were used for the preparation of the extracts (crude methanol), and the extraction of essential oils. The chemical constituents of essential oils were quantified and identified through the techniques of GC/FID and GC/MS. To check the antibacterial activity of extracts and essential oils the diffusion method in agar by the method of discs was used. These were impregnated with essential oils and extracts at different concentrations. The variable studied was the halo diameter of bacterial growth inhibition. For the verification of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts and oils microdilution broth method were used. For the evaluation of the antifungal activity diffusion on agar method was used. The methanol extracts and essential oils were incorporated into the PDA culture at different concentrations. The variable analyzed was the diameter of the mycelial growth. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and their means compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability of error and the analysis concentrations of regression. According to the obtained results can infer that the methanolic extracts and essential oils of Eplingiella fruticosa, Medusantha martiusii and Gymneia platanifolia species showed antibacterial activity against bacteria X. campestris pv. viticola and R. solanacearum, in two concentrations and MICs ranging from 125 ?L mL-1 to 1000 ?L mL-1, with a strong to moderate antibacterial activity. The methanol extracts and essential oils studied have antifungal activity against phytopathogens such as Aspergilus niger, Cladosporium herbarum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus sp. / As culturas da videira e do tomateiro possuem importante papel econ?mico no Brasil. Por?m problemas fitossanit?rios podem comprometer a produtividade dessas culturas, entre os quais se destacam doen?as causadas por fungos e bact?rias que causam preju?zos imensur?veis para os agricultores. Considerando o impacto econ?mico, ambiental e ? sa?de da popula??o, decorrentes do uso massivo de defensivos agr?colas, ? de extrema import?ncia estudos visando o controle alternativo de doen?as, como o uso de produtos naturais com atividade antimicrobiana. Os extratos vegetais e os ?leos essenciais surgem como potenciais produtos alternativos que podem ser incorporados ao manejo de fitopat?genos, uma vez que podem ser altamente vol?teis e de baixa persist?ncia, o que resulta em menor contamina??o do ambiente. Neste contexto as esp?cies da fam?lia Lamiaceae destacam-se por apresentar atividades biol?gicas importantes, dentre elas elevada atividade antimicrobiana. Diante do exposto o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato metan?lico e dos ?leos essenciais das esp?cies Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. Ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore, Gymneia platanifolia (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore e Medusantha martiusii (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore contra as bact?rias Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Naydu) Dye e Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), causadoras do cancro bacteriano da videira e da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro, respectivamente, e dos fungos causadores de podrid?es p?s-colheita da videira Aspergilus niger Van Tieghem, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.:Fr.) Link, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl e Rhizopus sp. A coleta das esp?cies vegetais foi realizada no munic?pio de Feira de Santana - BA. O material coletado (folhas), ap?s a secagem em temperatura ambiente, foi destinado ao preparo dos extratos (metan?lico bruto) e a extra??o de ?leos essenciais. Os constituintes qu?micos dos ?leos essenciais foram quantificados e identificados atrav?s das t?cnicas de CG/DIC e CG/EM. Para a verifica??o da atividade antibacteriana dos extratos e ?leos essenciais foi empregada a metodologia de difus?o em ?gar pelo m?todo de discos. Estes foram impregnados com os ?leos essenciais e extratos em diferentes concentra??es. A vari?vel analisada foi o di?metro do halo de inibi??o do crescimento bacteriano. Para a verifica??o da concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima (CIM) dos extratos e dos ?leos foi utilizado o m?todo de microdilui??o em caldo. Para a avalia??o da atividade antif?ngica foi empregada a metodologia de difus?o em ?gar. Os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais foram incorporados ao meio de cultura BDA em diferentes concentra??es. A var?vel analisada foi o di?metro do crescimento micelial. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e as suas m?dias comparadas pelo teste de scott-knott a 5% de probabilidade de erro e para as concentra??es an?lise de regress?o. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se inferir que os ?leos essenciais de E. fruticosa, M. martiusii e G. platanifolia apresentam como compostos majorit?rios o ?xido de cariofileno, espatulenol e E-cariofileno; epi-longipinanol, ?-humuleno e E-cariofileno e espatulenol, ?xido de cariofileno e ?-muurolol, respectivamente. Os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais das esp?cies Eplingiella fruticosa, Medusantha martiusii e Gymneia platanifolia apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra as bact?rias X. campestris pv. viticola e R. solanacearum, nas diferentes concentra??es utilizadas e as CIMs variaram entre 125 ?L mL-1 a 1000 ?L mL-1. Os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais estudados apresentaram atividade antif?ngica contra os fitopat?genos A. niger, C. herbarum, L. theobromae e Rhizopus sp.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-03T14:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Natalia Soares Carvalho de Souza.pdf: 1833535 bytes, checksum: 4574c94ab4a477d9f8d0ddf31d6b4069 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T14:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Natalia Soares Carvalho de Souza.pdf: 1833535 bytes, checksum: 4574c94ab4a477d9f8d0ddf31d6b4069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Premenopausal women are less prone to develop cardiovascular diseases than men and this advantage do not persist in postmenopausal women. Thus herein we aimed to investigate the gender difference and the estrogen influence in cardiac function, fluid balance and thyroid status, in Wistar rats subjected to experimental model of myocardial infarction (MI). In the first step, adult male (n = 18) and female (n = 21) rats underwent experimental MI (MIm and MIf,) or sham-operation (ShamM and ShamF) respectively. One and four weeks post-MI rats were placed in metabolic cages, subjected to echocardiography (ECHO), electrocardiography and then euthanized for blood sample collection and tissue collection (heart, lung and liver). In the second step female rats were ovariectomized (n = 24) or continued intact (n = 21), two weeks later they were subjected to MI (MIOVX and MIINT, respectively) or sham operation (ShamOVX and ShamINT). Four weeks post-MI, they were subjected to the same evaluations of the first step, not only the electrocardiography. In the third step, female rats were subjected to ovariectomy and treated with estrogen (E2) (n = 13) or vehicle (n = 22). Two weeks later they underwent experimental MI (MIOVX+E2 and MIOVX+Veh). Four weeks post-MI they were subjected to the same evaluations of the second step. Male infarcted rats developed cardiac dysfunction (shortening fraction, SF, reduction, ~ 70%) and fluid homeostasis changes (sodium intake increasing, ~ 146% and urinary volume reduction, ~55%) earlier than female, in the first week post-MI while female presented these changes (SF reduction, ~28% and sodium intake increasing, ~143%) only in the fourth week and attenuated compared to male. MIM showed reduction in LF/HF ratio (~70%), one week post-MI. And only male rats presented hypothyroidism after MI (T4 ~52% and T3 ~38%, reduction). We also verified reduction in SF (~55%), increasing in LA/Ao ratio (~75%) and changes in fluid balance (sodium intake reduction, ~67% and urinary volume reduction, ~40%) more pronounced in MIOVX than in MIINT. MIOVX group reduced thyroid hormone levels after MI (T3 ~35%). MIOVX+Veh showed more pronounced reduction in SF (~55%) and increasing in LA/Ao ratio (~75%) than the MIOVX+E2 group. The sodium intake reduced in MIOVX+Veh (~67%) and in the urinary volume we verified significant reduction in ShamOVX+Veh and MIOVX+Veh groups compared to ShamOVX+E2 and MIOVX+E2 groups (P < 0.05). Serum T3 reduced significantly (~35%) only in MIOVX+Veh group. The pathophysiological development of heart failure post-MI was attenuated in female compared to male. And female rats subjected to MI presented fluid balance more favorable and related to the less pronounced development of heart failure. Estrogen seems to influence positively the cardiac function and attenuate the dysfunction that occur post-MI. The euthyroid status in female intact do not seems to be determinant to the less pronounced development of heart failure / Sabe-se que mulheres na pr?-menopausa apresentam menor preval?ncia de doen?as cardiovasculares do que homens e, esta diferen?a desaparece ap?s a menopausa. Sendo assim, o presente estudo buscou avaliar o dimorfismo sexual e a influ?ncia do estr?geno nas altera??es da fun??o card?aca, do equil?brio hidroeletrol?tico e do status tireoidiano de ratos Wistar submetidos ao infarto do mioc?rdio (IM) experimental. Na primeira etapa ratos wistar machos (n = 18) e f?meas (n = 21) foram submetidos ao infarto experimental (INF.M e INF.F) ou ? falsa cirurgia (Sham.M e Sham.F). Na primeira e quarta semana p?s-IM foram colocados em gaiolas metab?licas e submetidos ? ecodopplercardiografia (ECO) e eletrocardiografia (an?lise espectral), seguido de eutan?sia para coleta de sangue (dosagem s?rica de horm?nios tireoidianos) e de tecidos (cora??o, pulm?o e f?gado, para biometria). Na segunda etapa, f?meas foram ovariectomizadas (n = 24) ou mantidas intactas (n = 21) e ap?s duas semanas submetidas ao infarto do mioc?rdio (INFOVX e INFINT) ou ? falsa cirurgia (ShamOVX e ShamINT). Quatro semanas ap?s p?s-IM, as mesmas avalia??es da etapa anterior foram realizadas exceto a eletrocardiogr?fica. Na terceira etapa, foi realizada ovariectomia e reposi??o com estr?geno (E2) ( n = 13) ou ve?culo (n = 22). Ap?s duas semanas foi realizada a cirurgia de indu??o ao infarto (INFOVX+E2 e INFOVX+Veic) e a falsa cirurgia (ShamOVX+E2 e ShamOVX+Veic). Decorridas quatro semanas foram feitas as mesmas avalia??es da segunda etapa. O grupo INFM desenvolveu disfun??o card?aca (fra??o de encurtamento, FEnc%, ~70% de redu??o) e altera??es na regula??o hidroeletrol?tica (aumento do apetite por s?dio, ~146% e redu??o do volume urin?rio, ~55%), uma semana p?s-IM e, portanto, mais cedo que as f?meas, que apresentaram altera??es na fun??o card?aca (FEnc%, ~28% de redu??o) e regula??o hidroeletrol?tica (aumento do apetite por s?dio, ~143%) na quarta semana p?s-IM. O grupo INFM apresentou redu??o na rela??o LF/HF (~70%), uma semana p?s-IM. E, apenas os ratos machos desenvolveram hipotireoidismo ap?s o infarto. Tamb?m foi observada redu??o da FEnc% (~55%), aumento da rela??o ?trio esquerdo/ aorta (AE/Ao, ~75%) e altera??es na regula??o hidroeletrol?tica (redu??o do apetite por s?dio, ~67% e do volume urin?rio, ~40%) mais pronunciadas em INFOVX do que em INFINT. O grupo INFOVX tamb?m apresentou redu??o dos n?veis s?ricos de T3 (~35%) p?s-IM. O grupo INFOVX+Vei mostrou redu??o da FEnc% (~55%) e aumento na rela??o AE/Ao (~75%) mais pronunciadas que o grupo INFOVX+E2. INFOVX+Vei reduziu o apetite por s?dio (~67%) e, no volume urin?rio, foi observada redu??o significativa nos grupos ShamOVX+Vei e INFOVX+Vei em rela??o aos grupos ShamOVX+E2 e INFOVX+E2 (P<0,05). O T3 s?rico reduziu significativamente (~35%) apenas no grupo INFOVX+Vei. Houve diferen?a no desenvolvimento fisiopatol?gico da insufici?ncia card?aca (IC) p?s- IM entre machos e f?meas, sendo mais brando nas f?meas. E f?meas infartadas apresentaram uma regula??o hidroeletrol?tica mais favor?vel e compat?vel com o desenvolvimento menos acentuado da IC. O estr?geno influenciou positivamente a regula??o hidroeletrolitica de f?meas infartadas, o que favoreceu a fun??o card?aca e atenuou desta forma, a disfun??o que ocorre ap?s o infarto. A manuten??o do status eutire?ideo n?o pareceu ser determinante para o desenvolvimento menos pronunciado da IC

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-27T15:00:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_aguiar_matos.pdf: 2901378 bytes, checksum: 40dbd704043d49a1eee587bb086c4eb4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-05-16T19:24:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_aguiar_matos.pdf: 2901378 bytes, checksum: 40dbd704043d49a1eee587bb086c4eb4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T19:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_aguiar_matos.pdf: 2901378 bytes, checksum: 40dbd704043d49a1eee587bb086c4eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O excesso de gordura corporal caracter?stico da obesidade est? relacionado a diversas altera??es metab?licas, que incluem a resist?ncia ? insulina. Dentre as medidas n?o farmacol?gicas empregadas para a melhora da sensibilidade ? insulina est? o treinamento f?sico aer?bio, como o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT, do ingl?s high intensity interval training). Sendo assim, esse estudo avaliou os efeitos do HIIT em componentes bioqu?micos, celulares e moleculares relacionados ? resist?ncia ? insulina em obesos. Indiv?duos obesos sens?veis (n=9) e resistentes ? insulina (n=8) foram submetidos a 8 semanas de HIIT, em cicloerg?metro, realizado 3 vezes por semana, com intensidade e volume progressivos (8 a 12 est?mulos; 80 a 110% da pot?ncia m?xima). Amostras de sangue venoso e do m?sculo vasto lateral foram obtidas antes e ap?s o programa de HIIT. Ap?s o programa de treinamento houve aumento da sensibilidade ? insulina nos obesos resistentes ? insulina, mas n?o houve redu??o da massa de gordura. A concentra??o de citocinas no soro, o estresse oxidativo sist?mico e frequ?ncia das c?lulas imunes n?o foram modificadas ap?s o treinamento. No m?sculo esquel?tico, o HIIT promoveu aumento da fosforila??o do substrato do receptor de insulina (IRS) (Tyr612), da Akt (Ser473) e da prote?na quinase dependente de c?lcio/calmodulina (CAMKII) (Thr286), e aumento do conte?do da ?-hidroxiacil-CoA desidrogenase (?-HAD) e citocromo C oxidase (COX-IV). Houve ainda, redu??o da fosforila??o da quinase regulada por sinal extracelular (ERK1/2) nos obesos resistentes ? insulina. Conclu?mos que 8 semanas de HIIT promoveram melhora da sensibilidade ? insulina, modificou componentes da via de sinaliza??o da insulina e do metabolismo oxidativo no m?sculo esquel?tico. Essas altera??es ocorreram independentes de mudan?as na gordura corporal total e de par?metros inflamat?rios sist?micos. / Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Obesity is characterized by excess of body fat, and its development can lead to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance. Exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological approach to increasing skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, although the mechanisms are not elucidated. Additionally, the understanding of high intensity interval training (HIIT, high intensity interval training) treat insulin resistance is less understood. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of HIIT on biochemical, molecular, and cellular markers related to insulin resistance in sedentary obese individuals. Sensitive (n=9) and insulin resistant (n=8) obese individuals (body mass index ? 30 kg/m-2) were engaged in 8 weeks of HIIT using a cycle ergometer. The HIIT was performed 3 times a week, and its intensity and volume progressively increased throughout the training period (from 8 to 12 stimuli; from 80 to 110% of the maximum power). Venous blood and the vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before and after the HIIT. HIIT enhanced insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant obese individuals without changing body fat mass. Cytokine concentration in serum, blood oxidative stress, and frequency of some immune cells were not altered by HIIT. In skeletal muscle, HIIT increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) (Tyr612), Akt (Ser473), and protein kinase dependent calcium/calmodulin (CaMKII) (Thr286). HIIT also increased the expression of ?-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (?-HAD) and cytochrome C oxidase (COX-IV). A reduction of the kinase phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated (ERK1/2) was only seen in obese insulin resistant individuals. The results show that 8 weeks of HIIT enhanced insulin sensitivity, modified components of the insulin-signaling pathway, and improved skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. These changes were independent of alterations in body fat and inflammatory parameters.

The aim of the study was to explore the differences between generations X and Y in the military by exploring whether belonging to a particular generational cohort influences perceptions of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence (EI). Data on generational groupings, job satisfaction and EI was drawn from a convenience sample of 187 members from the Human Resources (HR) Division in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Descriptive statistics, correlations and t-tests for independent samples were used to analyse the data. Analysis revealed that job satisfaction has a significant positive relationship with EI. Furthermore, the empirical study also yielded evidence to support a difference between Gen X and Gen Y in relation to two job satisfaction facets, namely promotion and supervision. The findings, however, did not support a difference between Gen X and Gen Y in terms of overall job satisfaction and total EI. The leadership of the SANDF may be able to use the study’s findings to guide effective organisational policies and processes to maintain and retain a loyal and productive human resources pool working in cohesion despite underlying differences. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)