Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Lucia Santos da Silva.pdf: 1338090 bytes, checksum: 7d71ec1a2d946d80b0dcd614bded04f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-15 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The school geography has many possibilities for approaches to geographic content to arouse student interest and provoke questions, one of the possibilities, working with maps. Thus, we can adopt the methodology of the cartographic language for the construction of geographical knowledge by developing the ability to understand reality from standpoint of their own space. This research has as main objective the evaluation and creation of learning situations using geo-technologies in the teaching of cartography in geography. Were developed proposals for activities buoyed by the knowledge of the properties of language mapping with the use of geo-technologies, as GPS, GIS and Remote Sensing Images. Issues of basic cartography - orientation, scale and geographical coordinates - and thematic mapping were discussed, focusing on construction and map reading. We performed the evaluation of the proposed learning situations with students from 76th and 7th year of elementary school in a public school of São José dos Campos, Brazil. The evaluation showed that the use of geo-technologies aspect in teaching and learning, has provided significant gains and the introduction of an innovative practice in a situation of conventional classroom learning environment has provided an attractive and stimulating to students participating in the research / A geografia escolar conta com inúmeras possibilidades de abordagens dos conteúdos geográficos para despertar o interesse do aluno e provocar questionamentos, sendo uma das possibilidades, o trabalho com mapas. Assim, pode-se adotar como metodologia a linguagem cartográfica para a construção de conhecimentos geográficos desenvolvendo a capacidade de compreensão da realidade do ponto de vista de sua espacialidade. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a avaliação e criação de situações de aprendizagem utilizando-se de geotecnologias no ensino da cartografia na geografia. Foram desenvolvidas propostas de atividades balizadas pelo conhecimento das propriedades da linguagem cartográfica com a utilização das geotecnologias, como GPS, SIG e Imagens de Sensor Remoto. Temas da cartografia básica - orientação, escala e coordenadas geográficas - e da cartografia temática foram abordados, centrando-se na construção e leitura de mapas. Realizou-se a avaliação das situações de aprendizagem propostas em turmas de alunos do 6° e 7° ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública estadual de São José dos Campos, SP. A avaliação demonstrou que a utilização das geotecnologias no aspecto ensino-aprendizagem, proporcionou ganhos significativos e a introdução de uma prática inovadora em situação convencional de sala de aula propiciou um ambiente de aprendizagem atrativo e estimulante aos alunos participantes da pesquisa

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-04T16:53:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilo Silveira Monteiro de Lima.pdf: 2458203 bytes, checksum: bc1195e3a35ded5621a3a7108c1f3793 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilo Silveira Monteiro de Lima.pdf: 2458203 bytes, checksum: bc1195e3a35ded5621a3a7108c1f3793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was aimed to develop a teaching strategy for the use of technologies in activities/problems linked to plane geometry, with the subject "dilation" as main mathematical principle, with the intent of highlighting the understandings formed by interactive assumptions from the scope of humans-with-media. The research was conducted with a group of teachers attending a master's degree in the area of mathematics education and employed a sequence of activities aimed at analyzing the route marked by exploration of geometric constructions in dynamic environment, from the manipulation of employed media, featuring GeoGebra within a didactic strategy scope. Previous studies, from the bibliography review, resulted in the following guiding question: how to characterize a trajectory of study and research, involving Basic School Mathematics teachers, about the theme "dilation" and related mathematical topics, conducted from a proposal that involves both the resolution of activities by humans-with-media, as the development of fluency in relation to the used interfaces? The research used, as theoretical resources, the constructs concerning to intelligence technologies and humans-with-media, which provided the basis, for the analysis, in order to make it evident that the proposed activities provoked reflections about themes of plane geometry by the subjects, and that occurred some reorganizations of mathematical thought from media manipulations, allowing the knowledge of dilation could be discussed autonomously / Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver uma estratégia didática para uso de tecnologias em atividades/problemas ligados à geometria plana, tendo o tema “Homotetia” como elemento matemático principal, e a intenção de evidenciar as compreensões constituídas a partir de pressupostos interativos no âmbito de pessoas-com-tecnologias-digitais. A pesquisa foi realizada com um grupo de professores que cursavam mestrado na área de Educação Matemática e empregou uma sequência de atividades que visava, a partir das manipulações das mídias empregadas, tendo o GeoGebra como destaque, no âmbito de uma estratégia didática, analisar o percurso pautado pela exploração de construções geométricas em meio dinâmico. Os estudos prévios a partir da revisão bibliográfica resultaram na seguinte questão norteadora: de que maneira se caracteriza um percurso de estudo e investigação, envolvendo professores de Matemática da Escola Básica, acerca do tema “Homotetia” e de tópicos matemáticos correlatos, realizado a partir de uma proposta que envolve tanto a resolução de atividades por pessoas-com-tecnologias como o desenvolvimento de fluência em relação às interfaces empregadas? A investigação empregou, como recursos teóricos, os constructos relativos às tecnologias da inteligência e de seres-humanos-com-mídias, que serviram de base para que, nas análises, ficasse evidenciado que as atividades propostas provocaram reflexões a respeito de temas da geometria plana por parte dos sujeitos, e que houve, de fato, reorganizações do pensamento matemático a partir da manipulação das mídias, permitindo que o conhecimento sobre Homotetia pudesse ser discutido autonomamente

A poluição sonora oriunda do tráfego de automóveis é hoje um dos mais importantes problemas ambientais das cidades, e de sobremodo, uma questão de saúde pública. Nesta pesquisa são avaliados os ruídos dos automóveis nos receptores da Macroárea de Estruturação Metropolitana Arco Tietê no município de São Paulo, demonstrando a aplicação do mapa de ruído para o planejamento e para a gestão urbana, em especial, em áreas onde são propostas intervenções para o adensamento populacional. A criação do mapa de ruído urbano, quando integrado ao Plano Diretor e à Lei de Parcelamento, Uso e Ocupação do Solo, permite que se planeje a cidade da forma mais adequada, de acordo com a realidade encontrada, evitando ou definindo ações para as zonas de conflito entre a realidade e o legislado. Ademais, o mapa de ruído serve para a identificação de áreas sensíveis, podendo definir objetivos para o controle do ruído e traçar tendências desejáveis para determinadas áreas. No município de São Paulo, os dados de trânsito do programa EMME-2 da Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego (CET) e os dados de tráfego dos ônibus urbanos da São Paulo Transportes (SPTrans) permitem a realização do mapa de ruído em cenários distintos, tanto para verificar a situação atual como uma situação futura pretendida, inclusive para avaliação dos métodos de mitigação do ruído. / The noise pollution from car traffics is today one of the most important environmental problems of the cities, and above all, a question of public health. In this research it is evaluated the car noises at the receptors of the Macro-area of the Arco Tietê Metropolitan Structuring (Macroárea de Estruturação Metropolitana Arco Tietê) in São Paulo Municipality, demonstrating the application of the noise map for the urban planning and management, especially, in the areas where it is proposed interventions for the population density. The creation of the urban noise map, when integrated with the Master Plan and the Law of Parceling, Use and Occupation of the Land (Lei de Parcelamento, Uso e Ocupação do Solo), allows to plan the city in a more suitable way, in accordance with the observed reality, avoiding or defining actions to the conflicting zones between the reality and the legislated ones. In addition, the noise map helps to identify the sensible areas, and it could even define goals to control the noises and draw desirable tendencies to certain areas. In São Paulo Municipality, the EMME-2 traffic programme data from \"Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego\" (CET) (Traffic Engineering Company) and the traffic data of São Paulo Transport urban buses (SPTrans) allow the making of the noise map at different scenarios, as to verify the current situation as to an intended future area, including the assessment of noise mitigation methods.

Les phlébotomes sont des insectes hématophages appartenant à la famille des Psychodidae et à la sous-famille des Phlebotominae. Cet insecte diptère, jaunâtre, relativement petit (2 à 3 mm) compte environ 800 espèces. 70 de ces espèces ont été identifiées comme vecteurs potentiels dont une quarantaine sont des vecteurs prouvés. Ils peuvent transmettre différents pathogènes dont les principaux sont les leishmanies et les phlébovirus. Ce travail de thèse est focalisé sur les phlébotomes vecteurs de la leishmaniose. Les leishmanioses sont des maladies parasitaires causées par un protozoaire du genre Leishmania. Elles touchent un large panel d’hôtes vertébrés, dont l’homme et le chien. Elles sont toujours un problème de santé publique majeur dans de nombreux pays et sont actuellement en expansion. Bien que cette maladie soit largement étudiée, nous avons encore beaucoup apprendre sur son vecteur : le phlébotome. Par exemple, l’organisation des populations dans les écosystèmes et les paramètres qui les structurent, sont à l’heure actuelle très peu étudiés. Il est pourtant primordial de bien connaitre la biologie des différents acteurs d’un cycle parasitaire pour mieux comprendre la transmission du pathogène, évaluer les risques et enfin être capable de lutter efficacement contre la maladie. Dans ce contexte, le but de cette thèse est d’étudier l’écologie et la structure des populations de phlébotomes dans un foyer connu de leishmaniose et l’impact des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur leur organisation. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons réalisé une collecte de phlébotomes le long d’un transect de 14km localisé dans la région de Montpellier, présentant une diversité altitudinale, climatique et environnementale. Les populations de phlébotomes ont été caractérisées d’un point de vue taxonomique, spatio-temporel, génétique (microsatellites), et morphométrique (géométrie morphométrie). Les résultats génétiques, morphométriques et de distribution des espèces ont été ensuite confrontés à des paramètres climatiques (température, humidité) ou environnementaux (altitude, versant, station, microhabitat).Durant ce travail, 4 espèces ont été capturées : Phlebotomus ariasi (93,23%), P. perniciosus (0,48%), P. mascittii (0,11%) et S. minuta (6,18%). Elles ont une activité saisonnière de Mai à Octobre avec un pic d’abondance en Juillet-Août quand les températures moyennes sont optimales pour les phlébotomes (20-30°C). Bien que l'environnement ait été considérablement transformé dans notre zone d'étude en 30 ans, l'abondance des phlébotomes ne semble pas avoir changé de façon significative, soulignant leur capacité d'adaptation aux modifications de l'écosystème à court et long terme. La présence et l’abondance des deux espèces prédominantes (P. ariasi et S. minuta) sont significativement influencées par l’altitude, la température, l’humidité relative, le versant ainsi que l’orientation des murs. Les analyses génétiques montrent que la diversité est conservée à toutes les échelles d’études et qu’il existe une structuration des phlébotomes en micropopulations. Les données de géométrie morphométrie révèlent un dimorphisme sexuel bien connu chez les insectes mais également une structuration phénotypique en fonction des facteurs environnementaux ou temporels (mois, versant, altitude et station). Ces deux types d’approches permettent grâce à leur complémentarité d’apporter des informations sur l’écologie et l’organisation des populations de phlébotomes et de discuter des conséquences sur la transmission de la leishmaniose. / Sandflies are hematophagous insects belonging to the family Psychodidae and the subfamily phlebotominae. This diptera, yellowish, relatively small (2-3 mm) has about 800 species. 70 of these species have been identified as potential vectors of which forty are proven ones. They can transmit different pathogens; the main ones are Leishmania and phlebovirus.This thesis focused on sandflies, vectors of leishmaniasis. Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. They affect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans and dogs. They are still a major problem of public health in many countries and are currently in expansion. Although this disease is widely studied, we still have a lot to learn about its vector: the sandfly. For example, the organization of populations in ecosystems and the parameters which structure them are very little studied up to now. It is therefore essential to know the biology of the different actors of a parasite cycle to better understand the transmission of pathogens, to assess risks of transmission, and finally to be able to effectively fight against the disease.In this context, the aim of this thesis is to study the ecology and the structuring of sandfly populations in a known endemic area of leishmaniasis and the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on their organization. To reach this objective, we performed captures of sandflies along a 14km transect located in the Montpellier region which presents an altitudinal, climate and environmental diversity. Sandfly populations have been characterized by taxonomic, spatio-temporal, genetic (microsatellites) and morphometric (geometry morphometry) approaches. The genetic, morphometric and species distribution results were then confronted with climatic (temperature, relative humidity) or environmental parameters (altitude, slope, station, microhabitat).During this work, four species were captured: Phlebotomus ariasi (93.23%), P. perniciosus (0.48%), P. mascittii (0.11%) and S. minuta (6.18%). They have a seasonal activity from May to October with an abundance peak in July-August when average temperatures are optimal for sandflies (20-30°C). Although the environment has been considerably transformed in our study area in 30 years, the abundance of sandflies does not seem to have changed significantly, highlighting their ability to adapt to ecosystem modifications in short and long-term. The presence and abundance of the two predominant species (P. ariasi and S. minuta) are significantly influenced by altitude, temperature, relative humidity, slope and wall orientation.The genetic analyses show that diversity is maintained at all scales of study and that sandflies are organized in micropopulations. The morphometric geometry data reveal a sexual dimorphism, well known in insects but also a phenotypic structuring correlated to environmental or temporal factors (month, slope, altitude and station).Both of these approaches, because of their complementarity, help provide information on the ecology and organization of sandfly populations and to discuss about the consequences in terms of leishmaniasis transmission.

Background. In the area of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a shared discipline between informatics and geography, the term geo-parsing is used to describe the process of identifying names in text, which in computational linguistics is known as named entity recognition and classification (NERC). The term geo-coding is used for the task of mapping from implicitly geo-referenced datasets (such as structured address records) to explicitly geo-referenced representations (e.g., using latitude and longitude). However, present-day GIS systems provide no automatic geo-coding functionality for unstructured text. In Information Extraction (IE), processing of named entities in text has traditionally been seen as a two-step process comprising a flat text span recognition sub-task and an atomic classification sub-task; relating the text span to a model of the world has been ignored by evaluations such as MUC or ACE (Chinchor (1998); U.S. NIST (2003)). However, spatial and temporal expressions refer to events in space-time, and the grounding of events is a precondition for accurate reasoning. Thus, automatic grounding can improve many applications such as automatic map drawing (e.g. for choosing a focus) and question answering (e.g. for questions like How far is London from Edinburgh?, given a story in which both occur and can be resolved). Whereas temporal grounding has received considerable attention in the recent past (Mani and Wilson (2000); Setzer (2001)), robust spatial grounding has long been neglected. Concentrating on geographic names for populated places, I define the task of automatic Toponym Resolution (TR) as computing the mapping from occurrences of names for places as found in a text to a representation of the extensional semantics of the location referred to (its referent), such as a geographic latitude/longitude footprint. The task of mapping from names to locations is hard due to insufficient and noisy databases, and a large degree of ambiguity: common words need to be distinguished from proper names (geo/non-geo ambiguity), and the mapping between names and locations is ambiguous (London can refer to the capital of the UK or to London, Ontario, Canada, or to about forty other Londons on earth). In addition, names of places and the boundaries referred to change over time, and databases are incomplete. Objective. I investigate how referentially ambiguous spatial named entities can be grounded, or resolved, with respect to an extensional coordinate model robustly on open-domain news text. I begin by comparing the few algorithms proposed in the literature, and, comparing semiformal, reconstructed descriptions of them, I factor out a shared repertoire of linguistic heuristics (e.g. rules, patterns) and extra-linguistic knowledge sources (e.g. population sizes). I then investigate how to combine these sources of evidence to obtain a superior method. I also investigate the noise effect introduced by the named entity tagging step that toponym resolution relies on in a sequential system pipeline architecture. Scope. In this thesis, I investigate a present-day snapshot of terrestrial geography as represented in the gazetteer defined and, accordingly, a collection of present-day news text. I limit the investigation to populated places; geo-coding of artifact names (e.g. airports or bridges), compositional geographic descriptions (e.g. 40 miles SW of London, near Berlin), for instance, is not attempted. Historic change is a major factor affecting gazetteer construction and ultimately toponym resolution. However, this is beyond the scope of this thesis. Method. While a small number of previous attempts have been made to solve the toponym resolution problem, these were either not evaluated, or evaluation was done by manual inspection of system output instead of curating a reusable reference corpus. Since the relevant literature is scattered across several disciplines (GIS, digital libraries, information retrieval, natural language processing) and descriptions of algorithms are mostly given in informal prose, I attempt to systematically describe them and aim at a reconstruction in a uniform, semi-formal pseudo-code notation for easier re-implementation. A systematic comparison leads to an inventory of heuristics and other sources of evidence. In order to carry out a comparative evaluation procedure, an evaluation resource is required. Unfortunately, to date no gold standard has been curated in the research community. To this end, a reference gazetteer and an associated novel reference corpus with human-labeled referent annotation are created. These are subsequently used to benchmark a selection of the reconstructed algorithms and a novel re-combination of the heuristics catalogued in the inventory. I then compare the performance of the same TR algorithms under three different conditions, namely applying it to the (i) output of human named entity annotation, (ii) automatic annotation using an existing Maximum Entropy sequence tagging model, and (iii) a na¨ıve toponym lookup procedure in a gazetteer. Evaluation. The algorithms implemented in this thesis are evaluated in an intrinsic or component evaluation. To this end, we define a task-specific matching criterion to be used with traditional Precision (P) and Recall (R) evaluation metrics. This matching criterion is lenient with respect to numerical gazetteer imprecision in situations where one toponym instance is marked up with different gazetteer entries in the gold standard and the test set, respectively, but where these refer to the same candidate referent, caused by multiple near-duplicate entries in the reference gazetteer. Main Contributions. The major contributions of this thesis are as follows: • A new reference corpus in which instances of location named entities have been manually annotated with spatial grounding information for populated places, and an associated reference gazetteer, from which the assigned candidate referents are chosen. This reference gazetteer provides numerical latitude/longitude coordinates (such as 51320 North, 0 50 West) as well as hierarchical path descriptions (such as London > UK) with respect to a world wide-coverage, geographic taxonomy constructed by combining several large, but noisy gazetteers. This corpus contains news stories and comprises two sub-corpora, a subset of the REUTERS RCV1 news corpus used for the CoNLL shared task (Tjong Kim Sang and De Meulder (2003)), and a subset of the Fourth Message Understanding Contest (MUC-4; Chinchor (1995)), both available pre-annotated with gold-standard. This corpus will be made available as a reference evaluation resource; • a new method and implemented system to resolve toponyms that is capable of robustly processing unseen text (open-domain online newswire text) and grounding toponym instances in an extensional model using longitude and latitude coordinates and hierarchical path descriptions, using internal (textual) and external (gazetteer) evidence; • an empirical analysis of the relative utility of various heuristic biases and other sources of evidence with respect to the toponym resolution task when analysing free news genre text; • a comparison between a replicated method as described in the literature, which functions as a baseline, and a novel algorithm based on minimality heuristics; and • several exemplary prototypical applications to show how the resulting toponym resolution methods can be used to create visual surrogates for news stories, a geographic exploration tool for news browsing, geographically-aware document retrieval and to answer spatial questions (How far...?) in an open-domain question answering system. These applications only have demonstrative character, as a thorough quantitative, task-based (extrinsic) evaluation of the utility of automatic toponym resolution is beyond the scope of this thesis and left for future work.

<p>Adaptive antenna arrays have a great importance in reduction of the effect of interference and increase the capacity for the mobile satellite communication. Interference and multipath fading remain a main problem for reception of signals. These two problems obviously affect the overall capacity.  Adaptive antenna arrays in the handheld mobile apparatus will be the solution for the above two problems.</p><p> </p><p>Satellite mobile communication is one of the growing fields in the communication area where terrestrial infrastructures are unable or ineffective to supply. Maritime, aeronautical and land mobile are some of the applications. During natural disasters where ground services are stopped, mobile satellite communications has great importance. Following the hurricane season, the Asian Tsunami and the devastating Haiti earthquake, mobile satellite communications had played a great role to fill the communication gaps.  The satellites can be tracked automatically by adaptive antenna array when it moves in its orbital plane.</p><p> </p><p>In this thesis the methods that how the adaptive antenna array combats interferers is presented and simulated using MATLAB software. The performance of the adaptive antenna array is evaluated by simulating the directivity pattern of the antenna and Mean Square Error (MSE) graph for different scenario like Signal to Interference Noise ratio (SINR), number of iterations, antenna array elements and convergence factor (μ), assuming the signals are coming from different Direction of Arrival (DOA).</p><p> </p><p> </p>

I uppsatsen presenteras ett författarverktyg utformat för att framställa geo-spel för mobilt lärande. Problemet ligger i att framställningen av geo-spel är för tekniskt komplex för att lärare utan avancerade tekniska kunskaper ska kunna utveckla egna geospel till sina elever. Ett lätthanterligt författarverktyg skulle kunna vara lösningen på detta problem. Genom att studera designprocessen för geo-spel för lärande samt att genomföra designsessioner med verksamma lärare för att fastställa kraven som ställs på ett författarverktyg tas en interaktiv prototyp fram, som också beskrivs i uppsatsen. Resultatet av användartesterna av den interaktiva prototypen visar att lärarna upplever att de skulle kunna skapa lärorika spel med hjälp av författarverktyget och att det även finns en stor vilja att få använda författarverktyget i praktiken.

This study assesses how to measure and evaluate performance impacts of IntelligentTransport Systems (ITS) in the transport chain.The importance of transportation in global trade has increased significantly in the lastdecades. Cost pressure, rising customer demand for sophisticated logistics services, sustainabilityand security as well as safety issues have boosted the need for more efficient,effective and differentiated transport operations. Intelligent Transport Systems werefound to have the potential to address these challenges in the transport chain. However,due to the novelty of the technology both ITS developers and users face huge uncertaintyabout the performance impacts of ITS. Evaluating ITS in the transport chain beforethe rollout based on concrete measures is likely to reduce the uncertainty involvedin ITS developments and enhance the adoption rate of the new technology. The increasingnumber of ITS projects, like the Secure Intermodal Transport Systems at VolvoTechnology, create a need for a structured approach to measure and evaluate ITS.A literature review concerning the characteristics of the transport industry, technologyadoption, ITS and performance measurements served as a basis for the empirical studyin which 8 semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders in the transport industrywere conducted in order to find out how the performance impacts of ITS are perceivedin the industry and how they could possibly be assessed. The focus groupmethod was used to validate and apply the findings from the interview study to a GeofencingITS-service.The study has confirmed that the concept of ITS is still an emerging phenomenon in thetransportation industry. There is no common understanding of ITS among researchersand practitioners in the transport industry and still a lack of knowledge regarding theperformance impacts of ITS. Even though it could be found that ITS leverages mainlythe service level that can be offered to the customer and that they increase the efficiencyin the back office, the great variety of ITS-services calls for an individual assessment.Structuring the assessment into the phases of measurement design, implementation anduse of the measures facilitates this process. For the different phases a set of activitiescritical for a successful assessment of ITS have been identified. Despite its usefulnessfor mitigating the uncertainty related to the new technology, the focus group validationuncovered that a comprehensive measurement for ITS is not appropriate from the outset,but should be assessed based on the cost of the measurement, the ITS project priority,the customer relations as well as the hierarchical structure in the provider firm.

Adaptive antenna arrays have a great importance in reduction of the effect of interference and increase the capacity for the mobile satellite communication. Interference and multipath fading remain a main problem for reception of signals. These two problems obviously affect the overall capacity.  Adaptive antenna arrays in the handheld mobile apparatus will be the solution for the above two problems.   Satellite mobile communication is one of the growing fields in the communication area where terrestrial infrastructures are unable or ineffective to supply. Maritime, aeronautical and land mobile are some of the applications. During natural disasters where ground services are stopped, mobile satellite communications has great importance. Following the hurricane season, the Asian Tsunami and the devastating Haiti earthquake, mobile satellite communications had played a great role to fill the communication gaps.  The satellites can be tracked automatically by adaptive antenna array when it moves in its orbital plane.   In this thesis the methods that how the adaptive antenna array combats interferers is presented and simulated using MATLAB software. The performance of the adaptive antenna array is evaluated by simulating the directivity pattern of the antenna and Mean Square Error (MSE) graph for different scenario like Signal to Interference Noise ratio (SINR), number of iterations, antenna array elements and convergence factor (μ), assuming the signals are coming from different Direction of Arrival (DOA).

The river water quality management strategy involves a series of complex inter-disciplinary decisions based on speculated responses of water and sediment quality to changing controls. In the aquatic system a rapid removal of the heavy metals from the water to sediments may occur by settling particles while some of these pollutants can be mobilized by getting accumulated into the biota from the sediments sink. Thus, sediment plays a major role in the determining pollution pattern of aquatic systems. It acts as both carriers and sinks for contaminants, reflecting the history of pollution, and providing a record of catchment inputs into aquatic ecosystems. The Yan Shuei Gang River watershed is one the river watersheds in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. It is 5-km long, drains a catchment of more than 1,200 ha. Part of the river water is from the domestic drainage areas located in the upper catchment. In Linhai Industrial Parks, there are more than 493 registered industrial factories that discharge their wastewater into the Yan Shuei Gang River. Thus, recent water and sediments quality analysis indicates that the Yan Shuei Gang River is heavily polluted. The major objectives of this study were to (1) perform water quality and sediments sampling and analyses, (2) perform water quality simulation and demonstrates the model application to the Yan Shuei Gang River, (3) assess the water and sediments quality, (4) provide foci for immediate remediation efforts, (5) provide benchmark levels to test outcomes of future remediation efforts, (6) design a novel extraction technique that utilizes a mildly elevated pressure in consecutive cycles with a chelating agent for the sediment slurry. Water quality investigation results show that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and suspended solid (SS) average concentrations in water samples of the Salt-water River varied from 10.2 to 194, 8.51 to 18.3, and 7.9 to 19.5 mg/L, respectively. The results of the chemical analysis of the Salt-water River surface sediments showed that the sediments present highly elevated Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe concentrations. Investigation results reveal that sediment samples contained significant amount of iron (up to 3.6%), Cr (up to 66.5 mg/kg), Pb (up to 36.5 mg/kg), Ni (up to 43 mg/kg), and Al (up to 1.8%). All heavy metal concentrations were higher than the world average, sediments average and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). Although all metals showed varied concentrations, the approaches of factor analysis, normalized enrichment factor (EF), and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) proposed in this paper were effectively used to differentiate the natural and anthropogenic sources of the metals. Both the EF and Igeo indicated similar anthropogenic contamination degree of the metals. The potential acute toxicity in sediment of Yan Shuei Gang River was observed to be mainly due to Cu contamination. Cu was the major toxicity contributor accounting for 32-46% of the total toxicity in Salt-water River, followed by Zn. The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) model developed by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was selected as a water quality planning tool to perform the water quality evaluation. Modeling results show that the current daily pollutant inputs were much higher than the calculated carrying capacity for nutrients and BOD of the Yan Shuei Gang River. Based on the results from this study, the following remedial strategies have been proposed to minimize the impacts of industry and domestic source pollution on the water quality of Salt-water River: (1) increase the flow by transporting 1 m3/s unpolluted surface water from other sources to dilute the polluted river water, (2) construction of the intercepting systems to effective intercept and transport the untreated wastewater to the wastewater treatment systems. The sediments batch extracted by 150 psi pressure cycles has the most Cu removed rater (70%), much higher than without treatment (55%) or with 90 psi pressure cycles treatment (65%). Pressure-assisted extraction achieves in 60 min the amounts of Cu equal to or exceeding those achieved in 240 min without pressure cycles under the same concentration conditions. This research indicates that the advantages of pressure cycle system are increased process speed, more thorough extraction, and reduced use of the chelating agent. The heightened treatment is explained by sediments aggregate fracturing upon pressure cycles that exposes the contaminants as well as by the chelating agents. The technique is expected to accelerate extraction treatment of a wide range of heavy metal contaminants, and it may provide treatment to dredged and stored contaminated sediments. Experience obtained from this study will be helpful in designing the sediment and river management strategies for other similar river watersheds.