Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ta_me_rcla.pdf: 2042741 bytes, checksum: ac9e34b09f6e97b0cdc07a0f4f888b4d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As regiões litorâneas são consideradas sistemas ambientais complexos e de delicado equilíbrio. Apesar da suscetibilidade ambiental, estas regiões encontram-se entre as mais povoadas da Terra. A Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista, no litoral centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo, é considerada uma das mais importantes concentrações populacionais do Brasil, abrigando 4% da população do Estado. O município de Praia Grande, área de estudo desta pesquisa, caracteriza-se por uma densa urbanização linear e extensiva junto à orla, o que implicou na modificação da paisagem preexistente. Neste contexto, com base na proposta metodológica de Mateo Rodriguez, Silva e Cavalcanti (2004), o objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar o zoneamento geoambiental do município de Praia Grande (SP), por meio da elaboração da Carta de Estado Geoambiental e a da Carta de Unidades Geoambientais, na escala 1:50.000. Este tipo de zoneamento objetiva fornecer subsídios para o planejamento e ordenamento de uso e ocupação do território e proteção dos ecossistemas presentes na área. Deste modo, através da realização do Zoneamento Geoambiental, foi possível constatar as áreas de maior fragilidade ambiental. O zoneamento, desta forma, pode ser um instrumento que auxilie no planejamento ambiental e urbano, principalmente em ambientes litorâneos, pois estes apresentam grande complexidade em razão de suas características naturais / The coastal regions are considered complex environmental systems which have a delicate balance. Despite the environmental susceptibility, these regions are among the most populate on Earth. The Metropolitan Region of Santos, in the center-south coast of São Paulo State is considered one of the most important population concentrations in Brazil, with 4% of the population of the State. The city of Praia Grande, study area of this research, is characterized by dense linear and extensive urbanization next to the coast, which caused the modification of the pré-existent landscape.. In this cotnext, based on the methodological proposal of Mateo Rodriguez, Silva and Cavalcanti (2004), the objective of this study was to perform the geo-environmental zoning of Praia Grande (SP), through geo-environmental mapping at 1:50.000. This type of zoning aims to provide information to plan the use and occupation of the territory as well as to protect the ecosystem. Thus, through geoenvironmental zoning, it was possible to detect the most environmentally fragile areas. Therefore, zoning can be considered an important tool to help in urban and environemtnal planning, mainly in coastal áreas, which are very complex due to their natural characteristics

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9184343 bytes, checksum: fdcc9bd6eaff2c0eeac333df2ba9f163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Brazilian semiarid presents a biotic and abiotic framework still little known scientifically, which ends up favoring the occurrence of environmental degradation, hallmark the set of existing landscapes, particularly in their areas of increased climatic dryness. This work was conducted in the municipality of Cabaceiras-PB, known as the least rainfall in Brazil, where there are also serious environmental impacts due to the occurrence of some natural processes and primarily through the use and occupation of land by agricultural and extractive activities, from beginning of the occupation of their territory. The overall objective of the research was to analyze the existing level of environmental degradation in the city, with the specific objectives, perform the physical-geographic diagnosis, analyze the vulnerability of landscape units associated with socioeconomic activities and analyze the relationship between historical and socioeconomic process use and occupation of land with environmental degradation. The methodology was based on geosystemic and ecodynamic theories, as well as the concepts and processes causing environmental degradation. For methodological procedures, geoprocessing and remote sensing, accompanied by field work to validate the responses were used. As results, it was concluded that the municipality is predominantly in a medium level of stability and vulnerability, prevailing morphogenesis on pedogenesis and 32.36% of the study area was considered degraded, in view of the loss of biomass between the periods of 1989 and 2005. From the standpoint of shares that can contain the degradation and improve environmental quality currently found, we sought to highlight some guidelines and existing public assistance programs, which, being well executed, can solve or at least ameliorate the situation. / O semiárido brasileiro apresenta um quadro biótico e abiótico ainda pouco conhecido cientificamente, o que acaba favorecendo a ocorrência de degradação ambiental, característica marcante no conjunto de paisagens existentes, particularmente em suas zonas de maior secura climática. Esse trabalho foi realizado no município de Cabaceiras-PB, conhecido como o de menor pluviosidade do Brasil, onde também existem sérios impactos ambientais devido a ocorrência de alguns processos naturais e principalmente através do uso e ocupação da terra por atividades agropecuárias e extrativistas, desde o início do processo de ocupação de seu território. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar o nível de degradação ambiental existente no município, tendo por objetivos específicos, realizar o diagnóstico físico-geográfico, analisar a vulnerabilidade das unidades de paisagem associadas às atividades socioeconômicas e analisar a relação do processo histórico e socioeconômico de uso e ocupação da terra com a degradação ambiental. A metodologia foi fundamentada nas Teorias Geossistêmica e Ecodinâmica, como também nos conceitos e processos causadores da degradação ambiental. Para os procedimentos metodológicos, foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto, acompanhadas de trabalhos de campo para validação das respostas obtidas. Como resultados, concluiu-se que o município se encontra, predominantemente, em um nível de estabilidade e vulnerabilidade média, prevalecendo a morfogênese sobre a pedogênese e que 32,36% da área de estudo foi considerada como degradada, tendo em vista a perda de biomassa entre os períodos de 1989 e 2005. Do ponto de vista das ações passíveis de conter a degradação e melhorar a qualidade ambiental encontrada atualmente, buscou-se destacar algumas diretrizes e programas de intervenções públicas existentes, as quais, sendo bem executadas, podem solucionar ou ao menos amenizar a situação existente.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T17:57:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALINE MARQUES DE MORAIS – TESE (PPGCC) 2018.pdf: 10249262 bytes, checksum: c0f35e5f7aa413cfd6fa1ee4abde4169 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T17:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALINE MARQUES DE MORAIS – TESE (PPGCC) 2018.pdf: 10249262 bytes, checksum: c0f35e5f7aa413cfd6fa1ee4abde4169 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-29 / Redes Geossociais (RGs) representam um tipo de sistema colaborativo com informação geolocalizada encapsulada no conteúdo compartilhado. Essa formatação possibilita a interseção de informações presentes tanto no mundo real, quanto no virtual. Atualmente, a popularização das RGs já é algo concreto pelo mundo. Uma das razões para esse fenômeno é o suporte das RGs à tomada de decisão dos colaboradores sobre lugares. Além do mais, esses sistemas representam importantes ferramentas de monitoramento urbano, baseadas no fluxo de participação dos usuários. Entretanto, a presente tese detecta como problema de pesquisa o modo pelo qual as RGs tratam homogeneamente os seus participantes. Algumas consequências desse tratamento padronizado são um menor aproveitamento das potencialidades colaborativas dos usuários e uma menor eficiência na tomada de decisão dos participantes. Assim, este trabalho considera necessário a definição de parâmetros que caracterizem a diversidade de um tipo específico de participante: os criadores de conteúdo. Eles representam uma parcela dos usuários que efetivamente colaboram com as RGs. Trabalhos anteriores já investigaram aspectos da diversidade de criadores de conteúdo, em RGs usadas em diferentes regiões do mundo. Mas, nenhum deles analisou a diversidade dos criadores de conteúdo em RGs usadas em cidades brasileiras. Portanto, o presente trabalho realiza um mapeamento em larga escala da diversidade dos criadores de conteúdo geolocalizado em cidades brasileiras. Esse mapeamento é dividido em três abordagens. A primeira delas é a investigação da diversidade dos criadores, em relação à experiência dos contribuidores sobre os locais. A segunda abordagem é sobre a investigação da diversidade baseada nos padrões de comportamento ao contribuir. E, por fim, a última etapa do mapeamento se refere à diversidade dos participantes em relação ao comportamento espacial. Os resultados dos mapeamentos mostram que a diversidade dos criadores de conteúdo está presente em RGs usadas nas cidades brasileiras. Além do mais, a utilização dos resultados das abordagens é imprescindível para a concepção de RGs sensíveis aos tipos dos criadores e para mecanismos de recomendação de lugares. / Geo-Social Networks (GSNs) are a type of collaborative systems with geolocated information as their shared content. This specific content allows the linking between real and virtual worlds. Nowadays, the popularization of GSNs is something real in world. One reason of that phenomenon is because GSNs support their users during the making decision process about places. Moreover, GSNs are important tools for urban monitoring, based on flow of users’ participation. The present thesis detects as problem the way how GSNs treat their collaborators homogeneously. As consequence, GSNs do not use all collaboratives potentialities of their users and are not efficient during making decision process. We reinforce the necessity of definition of parameters about diversity of a specific user: the content creator. He presents a piece of users who shared geolocated information in GSNs. Previous studies did investigate aspects about creators’ diversity on GSNs over the world. But, none of them analyzed this diversity among content creators of GSNs in Brazilian cities. The present thesis does a large-scale mapping about geolocated content creators in cities of Brazil. This mapping is divided in three approaches. The former is the investigation of diversity, based on collaborators’ experiences about places. The next one is about diversity of content creators, according to their collaborative behaviors. The last approach is about diversity analysis, face to spatial patterns among GSNs participants. The results find out the diversity among geolocated content creators in Brazilian cities. Moreover, the results can be applied in GSNs designing and mechanism of places’ recommendation.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Political independence for Zimbabwe in 1980 brought about fundamental socio-conomic changes which impacted on urbanisation trends in the country. For instance the removal of colonial influx control laws and regulations which had previously served to curtail ruralurban migration marked the beginning of a new developmental era characterised by rapid urbanisation. Political and economic downturns later experienced in the country in the last decade of the twentieth century and after resulted in massive de-industrialisation, company closures and high unemployment. These changes impacted significantly on the spatial structure of cities which had to firstly adapt to socio-political integration, and had to later focus on the basic challenges of providing shelter and alternative means of employment in a depressed economy. The physical and spatial manifestations of such changes included the rapid growth of informality, the collapse of urban infrastructure and the apparent disregard for the colonially styled urban development management frameworks. This research consequently evaluates the performance of current urban planning frameworks and practices in the face of such changing circumstances. This is against a backdrop of the apparent failure by urban planning to transform in line such development trends. The study explores the theoretical framework of rapid urbanisation, urban planning, and technological innovation in urban development management systems. The main focus of the study is on the transformation of planning practices and frameworks. Geo-spatial technology (GST) is mainly used as a demonstration and methodological tool for analysis and evaluation. The methodology is made up of two contrasting case studies based in the CBD of Harare (Zimbabwe‟s capital city) and Epworth (an informal settlement on the outskirts of Harare). The CBD case study measures the performance of planning frameworks within a formally planned set up whilst the Epworth case study demonstrates the (in)effectiveness of current planning practices to contemporary urban development challenges. The main findings of the research support the need to have mobile planning frameworks and tools that have the capacity to promptly respond to fast changing developmental trends. The other main finding highlights the positive relationship between impartial participation in planning and high level of success in achieving planning objectives.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosueAB.pdf: 999272 bytes, checksum: b3cb725846429e9be5262f9105adc467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / By the end of the 21st Century, economy globalization trends to show a velocity process through which market being expanded characterized by an intense going on of the internationalization of finance, after that marginalizing the periphery of the social spaces. It is clear to see that this process occurred in those less developed countries happens in an accentuated way just because income distribution that is so regressive and also because the insufficient enclosing of the social programs, we find this situation in a big part of Brazilian cities. The marginalizing social economical process observed in Natal, a city located in the east coast part of Northeast region in Brazil and that owns a population upper to 778 thousand in habitants is nearly linked to the extension of goods and services commerce. The installation of new urban activities in the city pointed out tourist activity as the greater impulsive thing in the phenomenon promotion, most of them aiming to promote Natal to the national and international scenery. It privilege strongly in the South zone with economical implementations such as shopping s centers, supermarkets, and home buildings condominiums leading to a loss of functionality of some traditional district located in central areas of the city. Notwithstanding, some spaces, for instance Alecrim district officially created in 1911, has notably resisted to the expansion of the urban process pointed out in Natal in the last years. So that this put Alecrim District as a district with originally characteristics reaffirmed along the historical process form old times. The predominance of some residential characteristics such as the incidence of some villages and a concentration of a big and confuse popular commerce distributed along streets puts Alecrim District as a resistant space in Natal. The same way analyze Alecrim District under the prism of Historic Geography because we understand this way it accomplishes a fundamental role in the theoretical methodological development of our work, just when we analyze the time as a variant in our object of study. It is still inside this theoretical field that we carry out a brief reviewing about quarter/district definition, under the optic from several registered and scientific resources taken into account along this work, because we understand that it was necessary to think this important spatial unit especially to know exactly what we are referring to as a district and so we can reaffirm Alecrim as an important and traditional district to Natal and it has been resisting to spatial transformation verified in the last years in Natal city. To give support to our reflection we used methodological tools related to inhabitants lifestyles knowledge and also the study of Alecrim District as a space that promote a certain centrality in Natal as some indicators to keep original characteristics in the district in Natal / No limiar do s?culo XXI, a globaliza??o da economia mostra-se como um processo veloz atrav?s do qual o mercado se expande caracterizado por um intenso seguimento de internacionaliza??o do capital, concentrando e, por conseguinte, marginalizando a periferia dos espa?os sociais. Observa-se que esse processo, ocorrido nos pa?ses menos desenvolvidos, dar-se de maneira mais acentuada em vista principalmente da distribui??o de renda bastante regressiva e da insuficiente abrang?ncia dos programas sociais, situa??o encontrada em grande parte das cidades brasileiras. O processo de marginaliza??o socioecon?mica observado em Natal, cidade localizada no litoral da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil e que det?m de uma popula??o estimada em 778 mil habitantes, est? intimamente ligado ? extens?o do com?rcio de mercadorias e de servi?os. A instala??o de novos atributos urbanos na cidade, muitos destes destinados ? promo??o de Natal no cen?rio nacional e internacional, apontou a atividade tur?stica como a grande impulsionadora deste fen?meno, privilegiando, pungentemente, a zona Sul, com empreendimentos como shoppings, hipermercados e in?meros condom?nios residenciais, acarretando a perda da funcionalidade de alguns bairros tradicionais localizados em ?reas centrais da cidade. Entretanto, alguns espa?os, como, por exemplo, o bairro do Alecrim, criado oficialmente em 1911, tem resistido notadamente ao processo de expans?o urbana apontado nos ?ltimos anos em Natal, o que o coloca como um bairro de caracter?sticas originais remontadas ao longo de processos que v?m de um outro tempo hist?rico. A predomin?ncia de algumas caracter?sticas residenciais, como a incid?ncia de vilas e a concentra??o de um grande e confuso com?rcio popular distribu?do pelas suas ruas, o coloca como um espa?o de resist?ncia em Natal. Sendo assim, analisamos o Alecrim sob o prisma Geo-hist?rico, pois entendemos cumprir um fundamental papel no desenvolvimento te?rico-metodol?gico do nosso trabalho, quando analisamos a categoria tempo no objeto de estudo. Ainda dentro do campo te?rico, realizamos uma breve revis?o sobre a defini??o de bairro, sob a ?tica de diversas fontes cadastrais e cient?ficas resgatadas no decorrer deste trabalho, pois entendemos que era preciso pensar esta importante unidade espacial, sobretudo, para saber exatamente a que estamos nos referindo, para, assim, podermos reafirmar o Alecrim como um bairro tradicionalmente importante para Natal, uma vez que o mesmo vem resistindo ?s transforma??es socioespaciais verificadas nos ?ltimos anos na cidade. Para apoiar nossa reflex?o, utilizamos os instrumentos metodol?gicos, no que diz respeito ao conhecimento de vida do habitante, e o estudo do bairro do Alecrim como um espa?o que proporciona uma centralidade na cidade, como indicadores para a perman?ncia de caracter?sticas originais neste bairro de Natal

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JucicleaMA _DISSERT.pdf: 3013733 bytes, checksum: f64acb031bfa21f4e7d36ff4e0909929 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work aims to analyze the local cuisine as an element of territorial identity from Serid? Rio Grande do Norte State in the contemporaneousness - XXI century, where it takes place one motion, seemly contradictory, yet dialogical, in the way of eating locally is modified by food diversity and yet is lauded as an element of resistance, that is, of identification. Based on the perspective that groups go over time outlining on the territory their eating cultural characteristics, we have noticed that the spatiality from the local cuisine has happened during the territorial structuring process, being susceptible to the social, economical and technological changes, that hover over this space. On the unfolding days it was created a whole semiology around the cookery , incorporating to its territory of living, symbols, images, knowledge, tastes, feelings and smells that legitimate a way of being, better saying, of eating. But not all of the plates that congregate these aspects, only the oldest, the most emblematic. Within the diverse intercrossing of culture at Serid? region, they are the ones that maintain the vinculum from the group with its culture and with its territory, reminding what they are, or at least what they were, conferring them a legitimacy before those to whom they relate. The cookery from the Serid? region, this way is a cultural geo-symbol that turn this space significant and visible, for ordering the inside characteristics from the group before the new socio-cultural models present in the territory / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a culin?ria local como um elemento da identidade territorial do Serid? norte-rio-grandense na contemporaneidade s?culo XXI, onde acontece um movimento, aparentemente contradit?rio, no entanto dial?gico, em que o modo de comer local ? modificado pela diversidade alimentar e ao mesmo tempo ? enaltecido como elemento de resist?ncia, isto ?, de identifica??o. Baseados na perspectiva de que os grupos v?o, ao longo do tempo, delineando no territ?rio suas caracter?sticas culturais alimentar, verificamos que a espacializa??o da culin?ria local aconteceu durante o processo de estrutura??o territorial, estando suscet?vel ?s mudan?as sociais, econ?micas e tecnol?gicas, que pairam sobre esse espa?o. No desenrolar cotidiano criou-se toda uma semiologia em volta da culin?ria, incorporando ao seu territ?rio de viv?ncia, s?mbolos, imagens, saberes, sabores, sentimentos e cheiros que legitimam um modo de ser, melhor dizendo, de comer. Mas n?o s?o todos os seus pratos que congregam esses aspectos, s? os mais antigos, os mais emblem?ticos. Com os diversos intercruzamentos de cultura, no Serid?, s?o eles que mant?m o v?nculo do grupo com sua cultura e com seu territ?rio, fazendo-os lembrar o que s?o , ou pelo menos, o que foram , conferindo-lhes uma legitimidade perante os demais com os quais se relacionam. A culin?ria seridoense, dessa maneira, ? um geoss?mbolo cultural que torna esse espa?o significativo e vis?vel, por ordenar as caracter?sticas internas do grupo diante de novos modelos socioculturais existentes no territ?rio

In this chapter, I argue that developments characterizing the Late Moche Period in the Jequetepeque Valley, including both the adoption of highland artistic styles at San José de Moro and Huaca Colorada, as well as the proliferation of Moche religious architecture throughout the hinterland, were significantly influenced by interactions with highland societies, including Wari and Cajamarca. I support this thesis by examining the reconfiguration of the chicha-based political economy and the intensification of competitive feasting in the region that accompanied the ascendancy of the priestess cult in Jequetepeque. I also contend that a specific cosmological framework of coastal-highland opposition and gendered complementarity, evident at the time of the conquest, appears to have taken root in the Middle Horizon. In other words, culturally constructed and religiously mediated notions of geography, alterity, and interdependence can partly explain the tenor of Moche-highland relations and the subtle transformations of Moche ritual practices and political relations. The data suggests that the priestess cult may have been patronized by sierra polities, even if indirectly, for it conformed to emerging geo-cosmological and gendered understandings of coastal-highland dependencies. / En este capítulo, argumento que los desarrollos que caracterizan el Periodo Moche Tardío en el valle de Jequetepeque, incluyendo tanto la adopción de estilos artísticos serranos en San José de Moro, así como la proliferación de arquitectura religiosa moche a través del territorio, estuvieron significativamente influenciados por las interacciones con las sociedades serranas, incluyendo Wari y Cajamarca. Sostengo esta tesis examinado la reconfiguración de la economía política basada en la chicha y la intensificación de los festines competitivos en la región que acompañaron la ascensión del culto de la Sacerdotisa en Jequetepeque. También sostengo que un marco cosmológico específico, de oposición costa-sierra, basado en la complementariedad de los sexos masculino y femenino, evidente al momento de la conquista, aparenta haberse enraizado durante el Horizonte Medio. En otras palabras, nociones culturalmente construidas y mediadas de geografía, alteridad, e interdependencia, pueden explicar parcialmente el tenor de las relaciones moche-sierra y las sutiles transformaciones de las prácticas rituales y relaciones políticas moche. Los datos sugieren que el culto de la Sacerdotisa puede haber estado promovido por las organizaciones políticas de la sierra, incluso indirectamente, porque se conformaba a comprensiones geocosmológicas emergentes de las dependencias costa-sierra.

Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar, de um lado, as relações entre geopolítica e igrejas e, de outro, as relações entre o termo grego anarquia e o crescimento da população crente sem religião no território brasileiro. A palavra igreja é utilizada de modo amplo e genérico (igreja, templo, centro espírita, etc), isto é, toda e qualquer instituição que se constitui como estrutura de poder religioso. A pesquisa identifica principalmente as geopolíticas das igrejas católica e evangélicas, as rivalidades de poderes e influências políticas no território brasileiro que ocorrem através de diversos meios, estratégias ou ações das igrejas, como nas eleições de deputados federais e até de presidente da República como aconteceu em 2010, inclusive com a disputa através dos meios de comunicação, especialmente a televisão e o rádio e no espaço virtual. Revela-se também um processo histórico-cultural de anarquia religiosa, que se dá, por um lado, com o crescimento do contingente de população religiosa sem religião e, por outro, com a existência de populações religiosas não praticantes, católica e evangélica, bem como as desobediências às normas, às doutrinas e às autoridades religiosas. Esse fenômeno está disperso em todo o território brasileiro, abrangendo pessoas de todos os níveis intelectuais, faixas etárias e de todas as classes sociais. Como compreender esta complexa metamorfose do espaço das populações religiosas e das igrejas no Brasil? Essa é a questão central desta tese, cuja análise se fundamenta numa geografia crítica pluralista que dialoga com o pensamento de geógrafos anarquistas, críticos pós-modernos e com a teoria da complexidade, propondo-se ao final deste trabalho uma reflexão sobre geoética. / This thesis aims at analyzing, on the one hand, the relationship between geopolitics and churches and, on the other, the relationships between the Greek term anarchy and the increase of the number of believers without a religion in Brazil. The word church is employed here as a broad and general term (church, temple, spiritist centers, etc.), i.e., any institution representing a structure of religious power. This investigation mainly identifies the geopolitics of the Catholic church and Protestant churches, the power-related rivalries, and the political influences across the Brazilian territory that took place in many ways, strategies and church action, such as during the 2010 elections of federal representatives, and even for president, including disputes that used the media especially the television, the radio and virtual space. It is also a cultural-historical process of religious anarchy, which, on the one hand, occurs with the increase of the contingent number of the religious population without religion and, on the other, with the existence of non-practicing - both in the Catholic and in the Protestant - religious populations, besides the disobedience to norms, doctrines and religious authorities. This phenomenon is spread throughout the Brazilian territory, encompassing people of all intellectual ranks, age groups and social classes. How can one understand this complex metamorphosis of religious loci and churches in Brazil? This is the main challenge in this thesis, whose analysis is based on a pluralist critical geography that dialogues with the thought of anarchist geographers, postmodern critics and the theory of complexity, resulting in the proposal of a reflection about geo-ethics.

D’ici 2020, l’univers numérique atteindra 44 zettaoctets puisqu’il double tous les deux ans. Les données se présentent sous les formes les plus diverses et proviennent de sources géographiquement dispersées. L’explosion de données crée un besoin sans précédent en terme de stockage et de traitement de données, mais aussi en terme de logiciels de traitement de données capables d’exploiter au mieux ces ressources informatiques. Ces applications à grande échelle prennent souvent la forme de workflows qui aident à définir les dépendances de données entre leurs différents composants. De plus en plus de workflows scientifiques sont exécutés sur des clouds car ils constituent une alternative rentable pour le calcul intensif. Parfois, les workflows doivent être répartis sur plusieurs data centers. Soit parce qu’ils dépassent la capacité d’un site unique en raison de leurs énormes besoins de stockage et de calcul, soit car les données qu’ils traitent sont dispersées dans différents endroits. L’exécution de workflows multisite entraîne plusieurs problèmes, pour lesquels peu de solutions ont été développées : il n’existe pas de système de fichiers commun pour le transfert de données, les latences inter-sites sont élevées et la gestion centralisée devient un goulet d’étranglement. Cette thèse présente trois contributions qui visent à réduire l’écart entre les exécutions de workflows sur un seul site ou plusieurs data centers. Tout d’abord, nous présentons plusieurs stratégies pour le soutien efficace de l’exécution des workflows sur des clouds multisite en réduisant le coût des opérations de métadonnées. Ensuite, nous expliquons comment la manipulation sélective des métadonnées, classées par fréquence d’accès, améliore la performance des workflows dans un environnement multisite. Enfin, nous examinons une approche différente pour optimiser l’exécution de workflows sur le cloud en étudiant les paramètres d’exécution pour modéliser le passage élastique à l’échelle. / By 2020, the digital universe is expected to reach 44 zettabytes, as it is doubling every two years. Data come in the most diverse shapes and from the most geographically dispersed sources ever. The data explosion calls for applications capable of highlyscalable, distributed computation, and for infrastructures with massive storage and processing power to support them. These large-scale applications are often expressed as workflows that help defining data dependencies between their different components. More and more scientific workflows are executed on clouds, for they are a cost-effective alternative for intensive computing. Sometimes, workflows must be executed across multiple geodistributed cloud datacenters. It is either because these workflows exceed a single site capacity due to their huge storage and computation requirements, or because the data they process is scattered in different locations. Multisite workflow execution brings about several issues, for which little support has been developed: there is no common ile system for data transfer, inter-site latencies are high, and centralized management becomes a bottleneck. This thesis consists of three contributions towards bridging the gap between single- and multisite workflow execution. First, we present several design strategies to eficiently support the execution of workflow engines across multisite clouds, by reducing the cost of metadata operations. Then, we take one step further and explain how selective handling of metadata, classified by frequency of access, improves workflows performance in a multisite environment. Finally, we look into a different approach to optimize cloud workflow execution by studying some parameters to model and steer elastic scaling.

Increasingly, online social media networks allow users to use geotagging. This method of adding location data to various content shared in real time has introduced privacy related issues and threats to the users of such networks. Previous research present opposing findings on whether users actually care about their location privacy or not, and it has also been shown that users often display a behaviour inconsistent with their concerns. When asked, users tend to report high privacy concerns, but in contrast, they will then not let their privacy concerns affect or limit their behaviour online; the privacy paradox is a description of this dichotomy. The problem, however, is not only that location privacy seems to be a paradoxical issue; the sharing of location data provides users with new possibilities that can potentially have negative consequences for them, such as someone else being able to identify one’s identity, home location, habits or other sensitive information. Social media network users communicate that a part of this is due to the lack of control over which information they share, with whom and where.This study employs a qualitative method, using unstructured interviews in a pre-study and a self-completion questionnaire. The purpose of the study is to examine and gain a better understanding of how the privacy paradox can help to better explain users’ location data disclosure preferences in the context of social media networking, and to help social media network developers in order to reduce privacy-related issues in social media networking applications with geotagging capabilities. The findings indicate that the paradox indeed is evident in user’s stated geotagging behaviour, and that users are slightly more worried about their location privacy than their overall online privacy. The conclusions offer a couple of different explanations for the paradox, and we argue that the contradiction of the paradox can be seen as a constant trade-off between benefits and risks of geotagging. We also give some examples of such advantages and disadvantages.