This study had the main aim of identifying and analyzing the bad treatments against elderly into the urban limits of the city of Santa Maria / RS, Brazil. Strictly, it meant: placing the relation among existence, frequency, location and types of domestic violence against elderly; identifying the levels of vulnerability to bad treatment cases reported in the police in a department called Policy of the Elderly; and charting the levels of the amount of elderly in risk through geo information. In order to contribute with the process of the analyses of the bad treatments in a more dynamic way, it was used the geomatics because this area of knowledge gives priority to the multidisciplinary, motivating to perform works by using and developing the information technology. In order to reach the proposed aims, a survey in the termination services like Accident Report (AR) was done in the Police of the Elderly in terms of the years 2007/2008. After getting the information, the following categories were established: age, genre, marital status, neighborhood, victim s literacy and profession besides the type of reported aggression, relation aggressed and aggressor. Possessing that information, it was done a cadastral map placing the aggressors in the city what gives origin to the listed categories. For this, it was used the GIS and the computer program ARCVIEW 9, 3. The database is the table of Attributes for ARCVIEW 9, 3 organized by the Excel table. Each column has a field with spatial and non spatial data that were interrelated allowing visualization. In a whole, 350 chips were analyzed but 138 of them were excluded because they did not fit with the aim of the study. It was observed in the study that from those 212 chips that were investigated for bad treatments against elderly, 92 (44%) lived with the partner. According to WHO (2007), almost half of all women murdered are killed by partner or boyfriend. The majority of the elderly have basic education (63.21%), following by High School (9.43%) scoring 72.64%. Considering some years ago education was not as accessible as it is nowadays, that datum is completely justified. The female genre between 70 to 79 years old was what presented higher levels of bad treatments, scoring 63 women. Married women and widows presented the highest levels. Analyzing the type of aggression, this study verified that the physical aggression happens with more frequency, following by psychological (threats) ones and bad treats. From the 42 neighborhoods into the urban limits of the city of Santa Maria RS, it was verified that the largest concentration of bad treatments against elderly is placed in the neighborhoods: center with 22 complaints; Camobi with 17 complaints; Passo da Areia with 15 complaints. Among the aggressors, 83 were sons, 24 were daughters and 19 were victim s neighbors. Relating the indexes presented by the Police of the Elderly, it is important to clarify that they do not represent the whole amount of the bad treatments there are in our society. There are elderly who do not denounce the violence, the aggressions and the contempt situation in which they live. / Este estudo apresentou como objetivo principal identificar e analisar a prevalência de maus tratos contra idosos no perímetro urbano do município de Santa Maria/RS. Especificamente, buscou-se: espacializar a relação entre existência, frequência localização e tipos de maus tratos domésticos contra idosos; identificar os níveis de vulnerabilidade para casos de maus-tratos notificados através da Delegacia do Idoso; e mapear os níveis de concentração de idosos em situação de risco, analisando com a aplicação de geotecnologias da informação. Para contribuir com o processo de análise dos maus tratos tornando-o mais dinâmico, utilizou-se a Geomática, por ser uma área de conhecimento que prioriza a multidisciplinariedade, incentivando a realização de trabalhos através do uso e desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação. Para atender aos objetivos propostos foi realizado um levantamento nos serviços de denúncia do tipo Boletim de Ocorrência (BO), junto a Delegacia do Idoso referente aos anos de 2007/2008. Após a obtenção dos dados foram estabelecidas as seguintes categorias: idade, sexo, estado civil, bairro, grau de instrução e profissão do agredido, além do tipo de agressão declarada, relação agredido/agressor. Com os dados referidos elaborou-se um mapa cadastral, que identificasse no ambiente urbano do município a espacialização dos agredidos, gerando assim as relações entre as categorias elencadas. Utilizou-se o SIG e programa computacional ARCVIEW 9.3. O Banco de Dados é a tabela de Atributos do aplicativo ARCVIEW 9.3, organizada com a tabela Excel. Cada coluna contém um campo com dados espaciais e não espaciais que foram relacionados entre si permitindo sua visualização. Ao todo, foram analisadas 350 fichas. Destas foram excluídos 138 fichas por não se encaixarem aos objetivos do estudo. Observou-se no estudo que das 212 fichas investigadas de notificação de maus-tratos contra o idoso, 92 (44%) viviam com o companheiro. Segundo a OMS (2007), quase metade das mulheres assassinadas são mortas pelo companheiro ou namorado. A maioria dos idosos possui Ensino Fundamental (63,21%), seguido por Ensino Médio (9,43%) totalizando 72,64%. Este dado é plenamente justificável considerando que a educação há alguns anos não era tão acessível como atualmente. O sexo feminino foi o que apresentou maior incidência de maus tratos na faixa etária de 70 a 79 anos com 63 mulheres. As mulheres casadas (52) e viúvas (67) foram as que apresentaram a maior prevalência. Analisando o tipo de agressão, verificou-se neste estudo, que a agressão física é a mais frequente, seguida de agressões psicológicas/ameaças, e maus tratos. Dos 42 bairros constantes na Divisão administrativa do perímetro urbano do município de Santa Maria RS verificou-se que a maior concentração de maus tratos contra idosos está localizada nos bairros: Centro com 22 denúncias, Camobi com 17; Passo D Areia 15 notificações. Conforme a relação com agressor quem mais agrediu foram 83 filhos, 24 filhas e 19 vizinhos. Relacionando aos números apresentados pela Delegacia do Idoso, é importante esclarecer que não significam a totalidade dos maus tratos existentes em nossa sociedade. Há ainda muitos idosos que não denunciam a situação de violência, agressões e menosprezo em que vivem.

L’objectif de la thèse est de développer un nouveau système de localisation mobile composé de trois caméras 3D de type Kinect et d’une caméra additionnelle de type Fish Eye. La solution algorithmique est basée sur l’odométrie visuelle et permet de calculer la trajectoire du mobile en temps réel à partir des données fournies par les caméras 3D. L’originalité de la méthodologie réside dans l’exploitation d’orthoimages créées à partir des nuages de points acquis en temps réel par les trois caméras. L’étude des différences entre les orthoimages successives acquises par le système mobile permet d’en déduire ses positions successives et d’en calculer sa trajectoire. / The aim of the thesis is to develop a new kind of localization system, composed of three 3D cameras such as Kinect and an additional Fisheye camera. The localization algorithm is based on Visual Odometry principles in order to calculate the trajectory of the mobile platform in real time from the data provided by the 3D cameras.The originality of the processing method lies within the exploitation of orthoimages processed from the point clouds that are acquired in real time by the three cameras. The positions and trajectory of the mobile platform can be derived from the study of the differences between successive orthoimages.

Zum Wintersemester 2019/2020 wird an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg ein neuer MSc- Studiengang „Geomatics for Mineral Resource Management“ angeboten. Dieser ist Teil eines internationalen Programmes unter Beteiligung der Universitäten Técnico Lisboa in Portugal, Delft University of Technology in den Niederlanden, TU Bergakademie Freiberg in Deutschland, Montanuniversität Leoben in Österreich sowie Wroclaw University of Science and Technology in Polen. Es ist vorgesehen, ein europaweit sichtbares Programm anzubieten, dass den Studierenden ein flexibles internationales Studium an jeweils zwei der Hochschulen ermöglicht und sie auf Führungsaufgaben im Bereich der Geomatik in der Rohstoffwirtschaft vorbereitet. Der Beitrag fasst das Konzept des internationalen Programmes zusammen und stellt die Möglichkeiten an der TU Freiberg konkret dar. / For the winter term 2019/2020, a new MSc program 'Geomatics for Mineral Resource Management' will be offered at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg. This is part of an international program involving the Universities of Técnico Lisboa in Portugal, Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, TU Bergakademie Freiberg in Germany, Montanuniversität Leoben in Austria and Wroclaw University of Science and Technology in Poland. The ambition is to offer a Europe-wide visible program that enables students to study internationally flexibly at two of the universities being prepared for a leader role in geomatics for Mineral Resource Management. The article summarizes the concept of the international program and presents the possibilities at the TU Freiberg.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente, o Brasil se apresenta como um grande produtor agrícola mundial com finalidade alimentícia e bioenergética. Ano a ano recordes de produção são batidos pelo setor agropecuário. Por outro lado, tem-se uma perspectiva de problemas alimentícios e energéticos no mundo, em especial no continente africano onde muitos vivem na miséria e na fome. Neste contexto, esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma proposta para a análise da dinâmica espaço-temporal de culturas agrícolas empregando os conceitos e instrumentos da Geomática em busca do desenvolvimento sustentável. Desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para a geração de indicadores da produção agrícola em diferentes níveis da estrutura territorial brasileira que permite a apresentação sintética, por meio de cartogramas e animações digitais, das dinâmicas espacial e espaço-temporal das principais culturas. Para isto foi criada uma base de dados da produção das principais culturas, desenvolvidos indicadores que representem a dinâmica espacial da produção agrícola e desenvolvidas ferramentas de apresentação destes indicadores através da dinâmica espaço-temporal. Finalmente, foram relacionadas as áreas voltadas à produção de alimentos e de expansão agrícola para a bioenergia (etanol e óleo de palma). Pretende-se, através deste trabalho, contribuir na tomada de decisão com ferramentas de visualização da realidade agropecuária brasileira. O trabalho estabelece ligações com os zoneamentos agroecológicos, os instrumentos de segurança alimentar e a pegada ecológica, com a apresentação da produção agrícola das culturas como cana-de-açúcar, milho, soja, palma de óleo e algodão. / At present, Brazil presents itself as a major agricultural producer for food and bio-energy purposes in the entire world. Year-to-year, production records are hit by the agricultural sector. On the other hand, there is a perspective for severe problems in food and energy supply in the world, especially in Africa, where many people live in poverty and hunger. In this context, this masters dissertation presents a proposal for the analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the agricultural production using the concepts and tools of Geomatics in pursuit of sustainable development. It was developed a methodology for the generation of agricultural production indicators at different levels of Brazilian territorial structure which allows the synthetic presentation, through cartograms and digital animations, of the spatial and spatio-temporal dynamics of the main crops. For this, a database of the production of main crops was created, indicators that represent the spatial dynamics of agricultural production and presentation tools for these indicators through the space-temporal dynamics were developed. Finally, the areas with focus in the food production and agricultural expansion for bio-energy (ethanol and palm oil) production were related. It is intended, through this work, to contribute to the decision making with visualization tools of the reality of Brazilian agriculture. Links were developed with agro-ecological zoning, with the instruments of food security and with the ecological footprint, with the presentation of the agricultural production of crops such as sugar cane, corn, soybeans, palm oil and cotton.

Information systems focused on the storage and processing data of animal health are fundamental tools to prove the epidemiological surveillance actions performed by federal, state and municipal government. These softwares promote transparency in the actions performed by defense agencies livestock, given the concerns of importing markets in the acquisition of safe products to its human and animal population. In this context, it was aimed to develop an integrated geoinformation system focused on veterinary epidemiological surveillance, based on structural abstraction of reality, informational and operational processes of the agency's veterinary service of the state of Minas Gerais. The achievement of this research has been structured in four steps: first, the formulation of a theoretical-practical; second, structuring a spatial database as a central data repository; third, developing a geographic information system integrated into the central repository; and fourth, testing and validation practice. The methodology for developing hybrid systems proved effective in a large capillary administrative institution, and the possibility of integration with external databases indicated a new potential for the improvement of agricultural defense. The management system diseases cases and routine immunization (health reports) provided the largest contribution to the primary objectives of veterinary surveillance, with increases in quality and speed of data collection. The Geographic Information System has shown to be effective in the implementation of the tabular data to the space environment, presenting itself as a differential of the proposed system. / Sistemas de informação voltados à estocagem e tratamento de dados da sanidade animal são ferramentas fundamentais para comprovar as ações de vigilância epidemiológica realizadas pelos governos federal, estaduais e municipais. Tais softwares promovem transparência nas ações executadas pelos órgãos de defesa agropecuária, atendendo aos anseios dos mercados importadores na aquisição de produtos inócuos a sua população humana e animal. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se desenvolver um sistema integrado de geoinformação voltado à vigilância epidemiológica veterinária, baseando-se na abstração da realidade estrutural, dos processos operacionais e informacionais do órgão do serviço veterinário oficial do estado de Minas Gerais. A realização dessa pesquisa esteve estruturada em quatro etapas: primeira, formulação de um referencial teórico-prático; segunda, estruturação de um banco de dados espacial como repositório central de dados; terceira, desenvolvimento de um sistema de informação geográfica integrado ao repositório central; e, quarta, teste e validação prática. A metodologia de desenvolvimento de sistemas híbridos mostrou-se eficiente em uma instituição de grande capilaridade administrativa, e a possibilidade de integração com bancos de dados externos indicou um novo potencial para o aperfeiçoamento da defesa agropecuária. O sistema gerencial de casos de doenças e vacinação de rotina (informes sanitários) ofereceu a maior contribuição aos objetivos primários da vigilância veterinária, com incrementos em qualidade e rapidez na obtenção dos dados. O Sistema de Informação Geográfica demonstrou-se eficaz na transposição dos dados tabulares para o ambiente espacial, apresentando-se como diferencial do sistema proposto.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente, o Brasil se apresenta como um grande produtor agrícola mundial com finalidade alimentícia e bioenergética. Ano a ano recordes de produção são batidos pelo setor agropecuário. Por outro lado, tem-se uma perspectiva de problemas alimentícios e energéticos no mundo, em especial no continente africano onde muitos vivem na miséria e na fome. Neste contexto, esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma proposta para a análise da dinâmica espaço-temporal de culturas agrícolas empregando os conceitos e instrumentos da Geomática em busca do desenvolvimento sustentável. Desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para a geração de indicadores da produção agrícola em diferentes níveis da estrutura territorial brasileira que permite a apresentação sintética, por meio de cartogramas e animações digitais, das dinâmicas espacial e espaço-temporal das principais culturas. Para isto foi criada uma base de dados da produção das principais culturas, desenvolvidos indicadores que representem a dinâmica espacial da produção agrícola e desenvolvidas ferramentas de apresentação destes indicadores através da dinâmica espaço-temporal. Finalmente, foram relacionadas as áreas voltadas à produção de alimentos e de expansão agrícola para a bioenergia (etanol e óleo de palma). Pretende-se, através deste trabalho, contribuir na tomada de decisão com ferramentas de visualização da realidade agropecuária brasileira. O trabalho estabelece ligações com os zoneamentos agroecológicos, os instrumentos de segurança alimentar e a pegada ecológica, com a apresentação da produção agrícola das culturas como cana-de-açúcar, milho, soja, palma de óleo e algodão. / At present, Brazil presents itself as a major agricultural producer for food and bio-energy purposes in the entire world. Year-to-year, production records are hit by the agricultural sector. On the other hand, there is a perspective for severe problems in food and energy supply in the world, especially in Africa, where many people live in poverty and hunger. In this context, this masters dissertation presents a proposal for the analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the agricultural production using the concepts and tools of Geomatics in pursuit of sustainable development. It was developed a methodology for the generation of agricultural production indicators at different levels of Brazilian territorial structure which allows the synthetic presentation, through cartograms and digital animations, of the spatial and spatio-temporal dynamics of the main crops. For this, a database of the production of main crops was created, indicators that represent the spatial dynamics of agricultural production and presentation tools for these indicators through the space-temporal dynamics were developed. Finally, the areas with focus in the food production and agricultural expansion for bio-energy (ethanol and palm oil) production were related. It is intended, through this work, to contribute to the decision making with visualization tools of the reality of Brazilian agriculture. Links were developed with agro-ecological zoning, with the instruments of food security and with the ecological footprint, with the presentation of the agricultural production of crops such as sugar cane, corn, soybeans, palm oil and cotton.

Aide à la conception de légendes personnalisées et originales : proposition d'une méthode coopérative pour le choix des couleurs Les utilisateurs s'approprient aisément les outils cartographiques numériques pour se construire leur propre carte. Cependant, l'accès aux outils ne suffit pas pour concevoir une légende cartographique de qualité. Il est nécessaire de savoir comment faire de bons choix de représentation graphique, en particulier de bons choix de couleurs. Une expertise cartographique comportant des connaissances en sémiologie graphique et en perception des couleurs (contrastes et harmonies) est nécessaire : soit l'utilisateur possède ces connaissances, soit les outils doivent les lui apporter. Dans ce contexte, nous cherchons à aider les utilisateurs à concevoir des légendes personnalisées et originales, en nous concentrant sur l'aide au choix des couleurs. Nous proposons une méthode de conception coopérative en quatre phases reposant sur des interactions homme-machine : 1- choix d'une source d'inspiration, 2- acquisition des préférences de l'utilisateur sur les sources d'inspiration, 3- interprétation des préférences et construction de légendes adaptées, 4- retouche de légendes. Deux stratégies de conception sont envisagées en utilisant deux types de sources d'inspiration : des échantillons de carte et des toiles de maîtres. En partant du constat que des désaccords entre l'utilisateur et le système peuvent se produire, nous proposons d'utiliser des techniques de dialogue homme-machine pour améliorer l'adaptation du système à l'utilisateur. Le modèle de dialogue ainsi proposé est implémenté dans le prototype COLorLEGend (COLLEG) / Helping users to make on-demand and original legends : proposition of a cooperative method to choose colours Current cartographic tools allow technically novice and expert users to make maps. However resulting legends may be of poor quality because users do not know how to make good choices of graphic representation and especially good choices of colours. Cartographic expertise including semiologic rules and colour perception knowledge (contrasts and harmony) is required. If users are not experts, cartographic tools should other them this expertise. In this context, we want to help users to design customized and original legends, by helping them to select suitable colours. We propose a cooperative method in four stages : 1- selection of an inspiration source, 2- identification of user's colour preferences on inspiration sources, 3- interpretation of preferences and design of suitable legends, 4- refinement of legends. Two legend design strategies, based on map samples and master paintings, are used. However, conflicts between the user and the system may appear. Therefore we propose to rely on human-machine dialog techniques in order to better adapt the process to the user. A dialog model is implemented and the prototype COLorLEGend (COLLEG) is presented

En Afrique, la décentralisation s'effectue dans des contextes variables selon les pays: la nécessité de réformer l'Etat suite à une crise, la volonté d'instaurer une démocratie locale pour compenser le pouvoir central voire dictatorial, parfois même l'incapacité de l'Etat à fournir les services socioéconomiques de base comme la santé, l'éducation, l'eau potable etc.En Afrique de l'Ouest, la décentralisation s’est souvent accompagnée d’un redécoupage des territoires dans les années 1990. La plupart des pays d’Afrique de l'Ouest ont créé trois niveaux de collectivités territoriales: la Région, le Département (Cercle au Mali) et la Commune. Ceci entraîne un besoin de gestion et d’aménagement du territoire à plusieurs échelles (état des lieux, suivi de l’emprise spatiale de l’aménagement, assainissement, gestion des ressources naturelles, développement économique rural, santé, éducation, hydraulique, gestion des risques etc.). Dans le cadre d’un besoin d’informations croissant, les partenaires au développement reconnaissent l’utilité du Système d'Information Géographique (SIG), comme outil d'aide à la décision. La création de différents ministères en lien avec l’information géographique au Mali, nécessite la mise en commun de compétences s’articulant autour de la géomatique. En effet, si chaque Institution et ministère sectoriel dispose de données thématiques propres, leur valorisation se heurte à une forte dispersion et disparité des données géographiques et cartographiques.Comment mutualiser un même système géospatial et territorial entre une mairie, une collectivité territoriale, une ONG, l’Etat ainsi que d’autres partenaires travaillant sur une même emprise territoriale ? Quelle stratégie d’information territoriale pour un pays comme le Mali ?L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de mettre en place, selon les concepts, méthodes, et technologies de la géographie actuelle et de la statistique, un outil d’aide à la décision dans un contexte de mutualisation et de décentralisation, conçu pour faire franchir un pas décisif au bénéfice de l'aménagement territorial local, par une mise en cohérence et une mise à disposition des données géolocalisées nécessaires à une politique efficace d'aménagement du territoire. Cette perspective à caractère stratégique implique de remonter jusqu'aux aspects de la répartition des pouvoirs, les rapports entre les logiciels libres et payants, l’information participative (aspects sociétal, social, contexte ethnique...) et le développement de l’information géographique au Mali. Une stratégie d’information est en fait un préalable indispensable de toute stratégie d’aménagement et de développement. Le projet de thèse se veut un projet innovant cherchant à fournir des réponses sur la mise en place d’une telle politique de gestion multi-sources et multi-acteurs de l’information spatiale dans un pays en développement. / In Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country.

<p dir="ltr">Accurate 3D point clouds are crucial in various fields, and the advancement of software algorithms has facilitated the reconstruction of 3D models from high-quality images. Notably, both single-camera and multi-camera systems have gained popularity in obtaining these images. While single-camera setups offer simplicity and cost-effectiveness, multi-camera systems provide a broader field of view and improved coverage. However, a crucial gap persists, a lack of direct comparison and comprehensive analysis regarding the quality of point clouds acquired from each system. This thesis aims to bridge this gap by evaluating the point cloud quality obtained from both single-camera and multi-camera systems, considering various factors such as lighting conditions, camera settings, and the stability of multi-camera setup in the 3D reconstruction process. Our research also aims to provide insights into how these factors influence the quality and performance of the reconstructed point clouds. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each system, researchers and professionals can make informed decisions when selecting the most suitable 3D imaging approach for their specific applications. To achieve these objectives, we designed and utilized a custom rig with three vertically stacked cameras, each equipped with a fixed camera lens, and maintained uniform lighting conditions. Additionally, we employed a single-camera system with a zoom lens and non uniform lighting conditions. Through noise analysis, our results revealed several crucial findings. The single-camera system exhibited relatively higher noise levels, likely due to non-uniform lighting and the use of a zoom lens. In contrast, the multi-camera system demonstrated lower noise levels, which can be attributed to well-lit conditions and the use of fixed lenses. However, within the multi-camera system, instances of significant instability led to a substantial increase in noise levels in the reconstructed point cloud compared to more stable conditions. Our noise analysis showed the multi-camera system preformed better compared to the single-camera system in terms of noise quality. However, it is crucial to recognize that noise detection also revealed the influence of factors like lighting conditions, camera calibration and camera stability of multi-camera systems on the reconstruction process.</p>

Aedes aegypti est le vecteur principal de la dengue et du virus Zika. La surveillance et le contrôle vectoriels constituent des armes de première ligne pour lutter contre les arboviroses transmises par ce moustique. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse propose un modèle conceptuel (MODE) qui permet de reproduire in silico l'environnement dynamique d'Aedes aegypti aux échelles auxquelles sont organisées (échelle de la ville - MODE-macro) et menées (échelle du quartier -- MODE-micro) les campagnes de lutte anti-vectorielles. L'environnement ainsi généré peut (1) être intégré à un modèle à base d'agents qui permet alors de simuler le système pathogène complexe de la dengue ou du Zika (environnement - vecteur - hôte - virus) et (2) être utilisé pour cartographier l'aléa environnemental du risque vectoriel dans la ville. Le modèle conceptuel MODE repose sur une approche phénoménologique transposable dans le temps et dans l'espace : il peut être appliqué dans différents contextes urbains, à différentes périodes et à différentes échelles. Afin de garantir sa généricité spatio-temporelle, les modèles informatiques MODE-micro (échelle du quartier) et MODE-macro (échelle de la ville) ont été implémentés dans le but de générer des environnements dynamiques à partir de données libres ou aisément accessibles. Dans ce travail, les potentialités de MODE ont été évaluées à Delhi (Inde) et Bangkok (Thaïlande). Les connaissances issues de l'étude des relations dynamiques, multifactorielles et non-linéaires entre l’environnement et le vecteur devraient permettre d’améliorer les stratégies de surveillance et de contrôle. / Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue and Zika virus. Surveillance and vector control are frontline weapons in the battle against arboviruses transmitted by this mosquito. In this framework, the following thesis introduces a conceptual model (MODE) which can be used to recreate in silico the dynamical environment of Aedes aegypti at scales that match the ones at which vector control campaigns are organised (city scale - MODE-macro) and performed (neighbourhood scale - MODE-micro). The environment thus generated can be integrated with an agent-based model to simulate dengue or Zika complex pathogenic systems (environment - vector - host - virus) and can be used to map the environmental hazard of the vectorial risk in a city. The conceptual model MODE is based on a phenomenological approach that is transferable in time and space : it can be applied in different urban contexts, at different periods of time and at different scales. In order to ensure their spatio-temporal genericity, the computer models MODE-micro (neighbourhood scale) and MODE-macro (city scale) have been implemented for the purpose of generating dynamical environments using open or easily accessible data. In this thesis, MODE's potentials were assessed in Delhi (India), and Bangkok (Thailand).Knowledge resulting from the study of the dynamic, multifactorial and non-linear relationships between the environment and the vector should lead to the improvement of vector surveillance and control strategies.