Humanicité est un nouveau quartier, né à l’initiative de l’Université Catholique de Lille qui, à travers ce projet urbain, a souhaité élargir et diversifier ses activités sanitaires et médicosociales. Il s’agit de créer un lieu empreint de mixité où sont présents tous les représentants de la société dans leur diversité y compris les personnes ayant un handicap. Ce projet utopique comporte également le souhait de co-construire avec toutes les parties prenantes, des innovations suscitées par les questions qui se posent dans ce nouveau lieu de vie. Pour en accompagner l’émergence, mais aussi organiser la participation des habitants et usagers, l’ensemble du quartier est le lieu d’un Living Lab. Cette utopie, forme de projection d’une autre société meilleure et plus juste, cherche à être traduite dans la réalité. Nous postulons, à la suite d’auteurs comme Ricœur, qu’elle est fondamentalement réalisable et pour se faire elle entre dans un processus de traduction, elle mobilise des objets, se transmet à travers la multiplication des interactions, jusqu’à se confronter, dans sa matérialisation, à la réalité. En devenant réelle, cette utopie donne naissance à une hétérotopie Humanicité, un « contre-emplacement », qui met au jour les représentations et appropriations de l’espace. Il s’agit dans ce travail de recherche et grâce à ce terrain particulier, de comprendre le processus par lequel un projet innovant d’urbanisme devient le projet des habitants, des intervenants et partenaires qui ont et auront à le vivre. / Humanicité is a new neighborhood, born on the initiative of the Catholic University of Lille which wanted, through this urban project, to expand and diversify its health and medico-social activities. It is about creating a place full of diversity where all the members of society are present, including people with disabilities. This utopian project is also about co-creating, with all the stakeholders involved, innovations developed in response to issues related to this new living space. To guide the emergence of this process and also to organize the participation of the inhabitants and users, the whole neighbourhood houses a Living Lab. This utopia, a projected form of another society which would be better and fairer, pursues the objective of being translated into reality. Following authors like Ricœur, we assume that utopia is fundamentally achievable and that doing so embarks on a process of translation, mobilizes objects, and spreads by the growing of interactions until it confronts the reality of becoming material. When it becomes real, this utopia creates a heterotopia - a space of otherness - which reveals the appropriations and perceptions of space. In this study the objective is to understand the process by which an urban innovation project becomes that of its inhabitants and stakeholders who have and will have to live in it.

At the international level, indigenous activism has increasingly taken the form of advocating for ‘indigenous rights.’ These rights-based claims are articulated through a human rights framework, exemplified by the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which was passed by the UN General Assembly in September 2007. Since this time, the Declaration has become the focal point of indigenous activism at the international – and domestic – levels. Proponents of the DRIP have claimed that it moves international law into a “post-Eurocentric” position, and that for the first time, the rights of indigenous peoples have been recognized by the international community. This thesis interrogates the rights-based discourse employed in international indigenous activism. Using postcolonial and poststructuralist theory, it puts forward a hypothesis of double-movement governance affecting indigenous peoples throughout the world. In this thesis, the double-movement is made up of relations between biopolitical management of indigenous lives, and neoliberal governmentality, which come together to establish the power relations within our present-day colonial system. This double-movement governance is then connected to Glen Sean Coulthard’s critique of a politics of recognition framework, on which human rights are based. Together, this theory forms my hypothesis that instead of providing indigenous peoples with emancipatory pathways out of the colonial present, indigenous rights discourses further entrench colonial norms and hierarchies within indigenous communities, and between States and indigenous peoples. Having established my hypothesis, I then test it with empirical data from the Declaration, indigenous fora at the UN, and domestic laws, agreements and policies. Taking the evidence into account, I argue that despite meaningful steps being taken to establish collective rights for indigenous peoples, a rights-based discourse does indeed continue to entrench colonial norms and hierarchies within indigenous communities and between States and indigenous peoples. This is in part because of issues of translation that occur when indigenous claims are articulated through a human rights framework, but also because a system based upon a politics of recognition – such as a human rights framework – is unable to move indigenous peoples out of the present-day colonial relations of power in which they live. Ultimately, such a system is only able to offer indigenous peoples ‘white liberty and white justice.’

Deinstitutionalization has had an impact increasing the number of offenders with mental health problems within the correctional system. Furthermore, preliminary research claims that offenders with mental health problems are disproportionately denied when applying for parole. The reasons for this are not well understood. This exploratory qualitative research draws on 48 decisions from the Parole Board of Canada decision registry, four interviews with former parole board members, and observation data from 17 parole hearings to explore how mental health problems are constructed within the conditional release decision-making process. Against a risk logic back drop, this institutional ethnography analyzes the way parole board members understand and operationalize mental health within the decision-making process. Self-regulation, medication compliance, and the role of the expert were strong themes that emerged through a content analysis. By integrating symbolic interactionism and a governmentality framework, the current study explores how mental health in parole decision-making is influenced by individual, organizational, and macro-level risk rationalities that draw on neoliberal responsibilization strategies and "psy" expertise. The findings are presented within Hawkin’s (2002) legal decision-making framework. Policy and human rights implications are discussed.

Citizens of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation fight for justice with their bodies at the frontlines of environmental catastrophe. This dissertation employs a biopolitical and interpretive analysis to examine these struggles in the polluted heart of Canada’s ‘Chemical Valley’. Drawing from a discursive analysis of situated concerns on the ground and a textual analysis of Canada’s biopolitical ‘policy ensemble’ for Indigenous citizenship, this dissertation examines how citizens and public officials respond to environmental and reproductive injustices in Aamjiwnaang. Based upon in-depth interviews with residents and policy-makers, I first document citizens of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation’s activities and practices on the ground as they cope with and navigate their health concerns and habitat. Second, I examine struggles over knowledge and the contestation over scientific expertise as the community seeks reproductive justice. Third, I contextualize citizen struggles over knowledge by discussing the power relations embedded within the ‘policy ensemble’ for Indigenous citizenship and Canadian jurisdiction for on-reserve environmental health. From an interpretive lens, inspired by Foucault’s concepts of biopower and governmentality, the dissertation develops a framework of “ecological citizenship”, which confronts biopolitics with a theoretical discussion of place to expand upon existing Canadian citizenship and environmental studies literature. I argue that reproductive justice in Aamjiwnaang cannot be separated from environmental justice, and that the concept of place is central to ongoing struggles. As such, I discuss “ecological citizenship’s double-edge”, to contend that citizens are at once bound up within disciplinary biopolitical power relations and also articulate a radical form of place-based belonging.

Cette thèse traite des effets des modes de régulation faisant appel à des intermédiaires pour promouvoir des cadres souples d’organisation. Ces effets sont analysés à travers un cas d’intermédiation dans le champ sanitaire français : la participation de l’Agence nationale d’appui à la performance des établissements de santé et médico-sociaux (ANAP) à l’axe virage ambulatoire du Plan triennal 2015-2017 de transformation du système de santé. Ce cas est abordé à travers une approche en régimes de gouvernementalité fondée sur les travaux de Michel Foucault. L’application de cette approche au cours d’une recherche-intervention de trois ans en partenariat avec l’ANAP permet de dévoiler de manière inductive les caractéristiques spécifiques du Plan triennal en tant que régime de régulation, ainsi que le fonctionnement de ce régime à l’échelle nationale, régionale et des établissements de santé. Cette approche amène également à dépasser la seule mesure de l’efficacité de l’intermédiation pour s’intéresser à l’explication de cette efficacité et s’interroger sur son utilité par rapport aux besoins des différentes parties prenantes du système de santé. Dans son ensemble, ce travail doctoral a des implications d’ordre méthodologique, théorique et pratique. Sur le plan méthodologique, il est proposé une démarche d’évaluation des effets des dispositifs de régulation reposant sur le changement organisationnel. Sur le plan théorique, sont identifiés trois effets de l’intermédiation – de capacitation contingente, de conjonction des véridictions et d’apprentissage alèthurgique – qui complètent les modèles existants de cette activité organisationnelle en développement. Enfin, sur le plan pratique, cette thèse suggère qu’un usage constructif de l’appareillage conceptuel foucaldien est possible en sciences de gestion et illustre cet emploi en formulant six préconisations à l’attention des acteurs de la régulation sanitaire en France, ainsi que cinq pistes de recherche pour les chercheurs qui souhaiteraient accompagner ces acteurs à l’avenir. / This dissertation addresses the effects of modes of regulation relying on intermediaries in order to promote soft organizational frameworks. For that purpose, I analyze a case of intermediation taking place in the French healthcare field : the participation of the National Agency for the Performance of Healthcare Facilities (NAPHF) in the outpatient shift programmed by the 2015-2017 Transformation Plan of the healthcare system. My approach, which draws on the work of Michel Foucault, consists in examining the regime of governmentality that has been implemented in that case. Having used that inductive approach during a three-year research intervention in partnership with the NAPHF, I unveil the specific features that have enabled the regulatory regime of the Transformation Plan to operate at the national, regional and intra-hospital levels. Furthermore, that approach leads beyond measuring the efficacy of intermediation to explaining its effectiveness and to questioning its usefulness for answering the needs of the different stakeholders of the healthcare system. As a whole, this doctoral thesis bears methodological, theoretical, and practical implications. On the methodological side, I propose a method for evaluating the effects of regulatory tools aimed at fostering organizational change. On the theoretical side, I supplement existing models for understanding intermediation by identifying three effects of that organizational activity, which is currently expanding. Those effect are namely: contingent capacity-building, conjoined truth-telling, and alethurgic learning. On the practical side, my work suggests that management scholars may use the conceptual apparatus inherited from Michel Foucault in a constructive manner. I illustrate the potential benefits of that constructive stance by providing six recommendations for improving the regulation of the French healthcare system as well as five possible orientations for researchers who are seeking to help the actors of that system in the future.

A growing awareness of the severity of the climate crisis caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions has led to an increased effort to find governance strategies to transition society towards sustainable development. One recently adopted strategy is the adoption of local carbon budgets, derived from the so-called global carbon budget, within local governments across Sweden. In this thesis, I explore this happening through a case study of the county of Västra Götaland, Sweden using the concept of governmentality to provide critical analysis of the use of local carbon budgets in an attempt to encourage reflexive governance. By conducting semi-structured interviews with persons involved in the adoption of local carbon budgets in Västra Götaland, I seek to gain a greater understanding of how local carbon budgets impact the way actors seek to govern climate through the adoption of new programs of conduct that seek the reform of the current regime of practices that exist within the county. I explore how such carbon budgets construct the problem of climate change and the need for rapid decarbonization to discover what practices are limited or made possible through such a construction. I find that local carbon budgets are problematizing several areas of municipal and regional governance, conceptually and practically, particularly in the way actors understand climate change and the decarbonization challenge. I argue that a reterritorialization of the climate into local ‘emission spaces’ allows for the quantification and distribution of limited ‘emissions resources’ amongst actors in the county. This territorialization and quantification of a constructed resource contribute to a perception of urgency critical to motivating action to decarbonize. These conditions create a mandate for political action to resolve the constructed problem of scarce ‘emissions resources’ within a municipality or county’s ‘emissions space’ to ensure a ‘fair’ distribution in society. I further suggest that actors adopting local carbon budgets should consider the application of common-pool resource management strategies to move governance beyond an internal carbon budgeting approach.

Cette thèse analyse les organisations et les relations sociales qui façonnent les usages de l'eau dans la plaine de la Crau. L'approche inductive et multi-échelle explore les interactions entre acteurs humains et non-humains qui participent au gouvernement et aux pratiques de l'eau. Le travail de terrain s'est focalisé sur les dynamiques de modernisation de l’eau en Crau sur les deux derniers siècles et notamment sur celles de gestion intégrée de l’eau. Un travail d’archives historiques et contemporaines permet de situer les continuités et les discontinuités des formes de gouvernement de l'eau. Une enquête par entretiens et l’observation de réunions professionnelles ou publiques nourrit la réflexion sur les jeux d'acteurs actuels. Les généalogies, le fonctionnement des dispositifs de gouvernement ainsi que les arrangements, contournements ou oppositions qu'ils suscitent, sont analysés dans une perspective constructiviste et historique. Il s’agit ainsi d’une contribution à une political ecology du « premier monde », croisant une approche latourienne avec une étude des manières de gouverner foucaldienne.L’eau en Crau est un objet multifacette sujet à une pluralité d’appropriations. L'irrigation gravitaire de 12 000 hectares de prairies de foin de Crau repose sur un réseau de canaux dérivant l'eau de la Durance depuis 1554, alimenté depuis 1972 par l’aménagement hydro-électrique. L’arrosage établit ainsi une frontière entre la Crau sèche des Coussouls et la Crau humide « productive ». La nappe de Crau est rechargée à plus de 70% par les infiltrations dues à ces pratiques d’arrosage. Depuis les années 1970, le développement industriel, l'agriculture intensive et l'urbanisation ont conduit à une exploitation croissante de cette nappe. Elle approvisionne actuellement 270 000 habitants et est considérée comme vulnérable, notamment du fait de son alimentation dépendante de la production de foin. La nappe fait ainsi l'objet de dispositifs de gestion destinés à protéger la ressource par une démarche territoriale.L’étude de l’articulation des savoirs techno-scientifiques spécifiques avec les manières de gouverner l’eau dans le temps long met en lumière un réseau hétérogène d'êtres et d'objets qui ont interagit pour moderniser l’eau. La « modernité » s'entend ici comme un idéal émancipateur fondé sur une augmentation de l'objectivité, de l'efficacité, de la rentabilité et de la formalisation (Latour, 2004). Cette recherche analyse comment les différentes manières de moderniser l’eau transforment la matérialité même de l'eau. L’étude des constructions matérielles, symboliques ou encore normatives qui sous-tendent et territorialisent les dispositifs de modernisation du gouvernement de l’eau est associée à celle des arrangements, des adaptations et des résistances qu'ils produisent en retour. C'est dans cette tension entre les façons de gouverner et les façons de faire que se situe le cœur et l'apport empirique de la thèse.Trois vagues de modernisation de l’eau sont identifiées à partir du cas de la Crau. A la suite de la Révolution Française, la première vague vise à conquérir et «mettre en valeur» la Crau. L’Etat impose ainsi progressivement un règlement des eaux et soutient la mise en culture des Coussouls par des acteurs privés. Dans les années 1950, la deuxième vague est mise en œuvre pour reconstruire la France. Elle porte un discours d’abondance hydraulique. Depuis les années 1990, une troisième vague met l’accent sur la rareté de l’eau et la vulnérabilité de ses usages et appelle à leur gestion intégrée. La vivisection du dispositif de gestion de la nappe de Crau permet d’explorer son fonctionnement dans son versant formel comme ses pratiques informelles. Les discours de crise de l’eau se révèlent partie intégrante de la gestion. Ils sont déployés pour mobiliser des acteurs historiques et des usagers, les enrôlant dans une nouvelle gouvernementalité avec laquelle ils doivent composer. / This thesis analyzes the institutions and the social relations which shape water use in the Crau plain. The inductive and multi-scale approach explores the interactions between human and non-human actors that contribute to water governmance and practices. The fieldwork focused on the dynamics of modernization in water over the last two centuries and particularly on moves toward integrated water management. Archival work drawing on historical and contemporary sources makes it possible to identify the continuities and discontinuities in manners to govern water. Interviews and the observation of meetings, both professional and public, provide insights into the actual interplay among actors. The genealogy and functioning of governing apparatuses, as well as the ways in which they are adapted, circumvented or opposed in turn, are analyzed using a constructivist and historical perspective. This work thus contributes to a political ecology of the first world by bringing together a Latourian approach with a Foucauldian study of governing manners.Water in the Crau is a multifaceted object appropriated in a number of different ways. the gravity-fed irrigation of 12 000 ha of grassland producing hay in the Crau relies on a canal network that has derived water from the Durance since 1554, and has been supplied since 1972 by the hydroelectric infrastructure. This has resulted in a frontier between the dry Crau (Coussouls) and the “productive” wet Crau. These irrigation practices account for 70% of the volume of the groundwater table. Since the 1970s, industrial development, intensive agriculture and urban expansion have led to an increasing exploitation of groundwater. This water sustains 270 000 inhabitants and is considered vulnerable, particularly as it is artificially sustained by hay production. The groundwater is subject to management apparatuses that aim to protect the resource through a territorial approach.The long term study of the articulation of specific techno-scientific knowledge and manners to govern water highlight the heterogeneous network of actors and objects that interact to modernize water. “Modernity” is understood as an emancipatory ideal based on increased objectivity, efficacy, profitability and formalism (Latour, 2004). This research analyzes how the different manners to modernize water transform the materiality of water itself. The study of material, symbolic or normative constructions underpinning and territorializing the modernization apparatuses of water governance is complemented by the study of arrangements, adaptations and resistance that they generate in turn. The heart of this study, and its empirical contribution, lie in this tension between governing manners and everyday practices.Three waves of modernization of water have been identified from the grounded perspective of the Crau. Following the French Revolution, the first wave aimed to conquer and to improve the Crau. The state progressively imposed water regulation and supported the cultivation of Coussouls by private actors. In the 1950s, the second wave, implemented as part of a project to reconstruct France, emphasized hydraulic abundance. Since the 1990s, a third wave has highlighted the scarcity of water and the vulnerability o users, and called for integrated management. The vivisection of apparatuses of groundwater management considers its functioning in both its formal aspect and informal practices. Discourses of water crises reveal themselves as an integral part of water management. They are deployed to mobilize historical actors and users, by integrating them in a new governmentality within which they have to work.

With the emergence of the competitive rationality in regional politics, the content of which is characterized by new regionalism, the Swedish regions are strongly associated with the mandate to assist the government in economic growth policy. The political content is adapted to enable regions to compete in markets and drive growth processes as successfully as possible. This is what previous research has largely focused on. This means that regional perspectives rarely reflect research in relation to different growth themes, although regions are complex and ambiguous phenomena. At the same time, the stipulative governance of the regions is rarely studied in national-regional research contexts. Therefore, I have chosen to review regional attractiveness that represents the regional location in attractive growth contexts. At the same time, my ambition is to introduce attractiveness in the decision-making context, that is how attractiveness emerges from the national growth policy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the political power. As a theoretical delimitation, I use Richard Florida's theory of the creative class. The starting point is to theoretically develop a reasoning about how attractiveness within regions can be understood by the important actors whose participation is absolutely crucial for the regions' development work according to the organization of the political mandate. My analysis shows how the obvious framing of the competitive rationality in national politics formulates how the regions develop attractiveness within the regional locations. The overall goal of the analyzed regions is to be attractive in a way that attracts growth and creates the conditions for players to be able to establish themselves within the site. In the same context, regions beyond growth policy are secondary to my analysis and attractiveness seems to rather help to reinforce inequalities between regional places. In this perspective, other and conflicting regional perspectives should be highlighted and discussed.

More and more Swedish municipalities are adopting approaches that target ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ and the ‘passive collection of money’. This thesis analyses begging permits, bans, and other approaches, motivated by the positions supported in Eskilstuna, Katrineholm and Norrköping. The approaches analysed are irrespective of the municipalitiesthat implemented them. This thesis follows a ‘problem’ questioning approach, taking into consideration the context and the system under which the ‘problems’ are constructed and aims to find the implicit and explicit aims of the various approaches.

During the last two decades the shore protection law [strandskyddslagen] in Sweden has undergone changes to make it easier for municipalities to infringe on protected areas. This paper offers a contribution to the understanding of the interplay between common environmental theory perspectives and the environmentality discourse, something that has been missing from the academic field. Earlier research has been dedicated to show how certain types of environmentality tend subjects to internalize certain norms that legitimizes a neoliberal order. This order fosters a development norm that stands in conflict with an ecocentric perspective.  Using a modified version of Bacchi and Evelines WPR-method, we found that the discourse among Swedish municipalities, Stockholm being an exception, interpret the part of the shore protection law which purpose is to protect animals and vegetation as a hindrance to development. This highlights the problematic relationship between environmental protection and economic growth.  By applying an ideal-type analysis on overview plans and consultation responses of ten Swedish municipalities we were able to identify a shallow, neoliberal perspective on nature which enables a neoliberal environmentality. The interplay between shallow perspectives on nature and neoliberal environmentality creates a hegemonic structure in which critical voices tend to be marginalized, resulting in a post-politization of beach protection discourse.