O presente estudo avaliou a efetividade de uma tecnologia social de capacitação profissional em um modelo de grupoterapia cognitivo-comportamental voltado a psicólogos que trabalham com o atendimento clínico de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual. O Estudo I avaliou o impacto da capacitação profissional nos índices de esgotamento emocional (burnout) e de tensão ocupacional (job strain) dos participantes, bem como o impacto no trabalho. Participaram 30 psicólogos que trabalham em instituições públicas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Do total da amostra, 19 compuseram o grupo experimental (G1, formado por participantes da capacitação profissional) e 11 compuseram o grupo de comparação (G2, formado por não-participantes da capacitação profissional). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Job Content Questionnaire; o Maslach Burnout Inventory, a Escala de Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho e uma ficha de dados biosociodemográficos. Para G1, foi observado um elevado índice de impacto no trabalho. Referente aos índices de burnout, a exaustão emocional e a baixa-realização no trabalho mantiveram-se estáveis entre T1 e T2, enquanto a despersonalização diminuiu. Para G2, todos os indicadores de burnout aumentaram significativamente. Em relação aos níveis de tensão ocupacional, a demanda de trabalho aumentou para G1, enquanto que se manteve estável para G2. Já os níveis de ‘controle no trabalho’ mantiveram-se estáveis para G1, enquanto houve diminuição significativa para G2, sobretudo devido à diminuição dos índices da variável ‘uso de habilidades’. O Estudo II objetivou avaliar o processo da capacitação profissional, visando a observar as potencialidades e limitações do programa oferecido. A amostra foi composta por 28 psicólogos participantes da tecnologia social de capacitação profissional. Os participantes responderam a um questionário de dados biossociodemográficos e a fichas de avaliação da capacitação, ao final de cada encontro. Os resultados obtidos mediante a ficha de avaliação apresentaram um nível elevado de satisfação com o programa de capacitação profissional oferecido. Sugestões e comentários adicionais, bem como opiniões sobre os aspectos mais positivos e mais negativos do curso forneceram subsídios para melhoramentos em edições futuras. Os resultados dos dois estudos sugerem que a Tecnologia Social de Capacitação Profissional é um recurso importante para a formação teorico-prática, bem como para o bem-estar no trabalho dos profissionais que lidam com a demanda do abuso sexual infanto-juvenil no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. / This study evaluated the effectiveness of a social technology of professional training in a cognitive-behavioral group-therapy model, addressed to clinical psychologists who treat children victims of sexual abuse. Study I evaluated the effects of the professional training in the indexes of burnout and job strain of the participants, as well the impact of the training at work. The sample was composed by 30 psychologists who work in public institutions at the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). From the total sample, 19 were part of the experimental group (G1, composed by participants of the training program) and 11 were a comparison group (G2, formed by non-participants of the training program). The instruments were the Job Content Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Job Training Evaluation Scale and a bio-sociodemographic protocol. The results showed that the training program presented a high impact on the job performance. Regarding to the burnout indexes in G1, the results showed that exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment remained stable, while depersonalization presented a significant reduction, through T1 to T2. To G2, the three burnout domains increased significantly. Regarding to the job strain levels, the workload increased to G1 and remained stable for G2. The levels of control remained stable for G1, while for G2 they decreased, mainly due to lower rates of the skill discretion indexes. Study II aimed to evaluate the process of the professional training program. The sample was composed by 28 psychologists whom participated of the training program. Participants responded a bio-sociodemographic protocol and the session evaluation form. The indicators of the evaluation forms presented a high level of satisfaction with the professional training program. Suggestions and additional commentaries, as well opinions about the most positive and negative aspects of the program provided subsidies to improve future editions of the training program. The results of both studies suggest that the Social Technology of Training Program is an important resource to the theoretical and practical qualification as well as for the well-being of the professionals who work with child victims of sexual abuse at the Rio Grande do Sul state, in Brazil.

Ångest och depression är vanliga sökorsaker inom primärvården och klassas idag som folksjukdomar i Sverige. Svenska vårdcentraler har svårt att möta vårdbehovet kring psykisk ohälsa, och det finns därför anledning att utforska nya behandlingsalternativ för att effektivisera vården. I denna studie användes en kontrollerad mellangruppsdesign i syfte att undersöka hur Compassionfokuserad terapi (CFT) i grupp påverkar primärvårdspatienters grad av ångest och depression, samt huruvida detta skiljer sig från sedvanlig behandling i form av kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT). Designen omfattade tre grupper; en interventionsgrupp (n = 20) som erhöll CFT, en aktiv kontrollgrupp (n = 12) som erhöll KBT, samt en passiv kontrollgrupp (n = 20) bestående av psykologstudenter som ej erhöll behandling i någon form. Självskattningsformulären Beck’s Depression Inventory II, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory samt Self-Compassion Scale administrerades vid två tillfällen i samtliga grupper. Förändringarna undersöktes med hjälp av t-test, variansanalys för upprepade mätningar samt effektstorlekar. Resultaten påvisade en signifikant skillnad mellan de grupper som erhållit behandling och den passiva kontrollgruppen men ingen signifikant skillnad mellan den aktiva kontrollgruppen och interventionsgruppen. Dock återfanns en större effektstorlek gällande depression för interventionsgruppen jämfört med den aktiva kontrollgruppen. Resultaten indikerar att CFT i grupp kan vara en effektiv behandling för primärvårdspatienter med ångest och depression. Vidare forskning efterfrågas för att undersöka de långsiktiga effekterna av CFT. / Anxiety and depression are conditions commonly occurring within primary health care and is currently a major health scourge in Sweden. Swedish primary health care centers are facing challenges in meeting the needs concerning mental illness, and therefore the exploration of new options for treatment is warranted for improved effectiveness. In this study a controlled between-group design was used in the aim of exploring how group delivered Compassion focused therapy (CFT) affects the degree of depression and anxiety in primary healthcare patients, and also whether it differs from treatment as usual consisting of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The design comprised of three groups; an intervention group (n = 20) receiving CFT, an active control group (n = 12) receiving CBT, and a passive control group (n = 20) consisting of psychology students who did not receive any treatment. The self assessment questionnaires Beck’s Depression Inventory II, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and Self-Compassion Scale was administered at two occasions in all groups. Changes were examined with t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance and within-group effect sizes. The results showed a significant difference between the groups receiving treatment and the passive control group, but no significant difference between the intervention group and the active control group. However, a larger effect size was found regarding depression within the intervention group compared to the active control group. The results indicate that group delivered CFT may be an effective treatment regarding anxiety and depression in primary health care patients. Further research is warranted to explore the long term effects of CFT.

Background: Group CBT approaches have been shown to be equally as effective as individual CBT for reducing depressive symptoms and preventing relapse; however, the predictors of response are poorly understood. The primary objective of the studies presented in this thesis was to further examine the formal and process factors within group CBT for depression that contribute to various treatment outcomes. The first study investigated the relationship between group CBT for depression and changes in interpersonal distress, as well as the process mechanisms that might influence this relationship. The second study assessed whether formal feedback provided to therapists and clients derived from the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45), a robust measure of client functioning, would enhance group processes and treatment outcomes. Method: Study 1: Secondary data from clients having received individual CBT for depression at a community-based mental health training centre constituted one condition (18 clients). Data for the group condition (12 clients) were collected from clients attending group CBT for depression at a tertiary care facility. Relationship distress, as measured by the OQ-45 relationship distress subscale score, was assessed at intake and termination. Group participants also completed process measures at the start and end of treatment. In study 2, participants were recruited from a tertiary care facility to participate in a CBT group for depression. Participation involved completing brief questionnaires assessing psychological and process variables before and after treatment, as well as the OQ-45 at every session. Three groups (21 clients) received standard CBT and two groups (12 clients) received enhanced CBT, which included feedback about their progress from the OQ-45. Results: Results of study 1 suggest that clients who participated in group CBT experienced a significantly greater reduction in relationship distress across time than clients who participated in individual CBT. Results also indicate that therapeutic alliance, and not group cohesion, mediates the relationship between pretreatment relationship distress on posttreatment relationship distress in group CBT. Results of study 2 indicate that participants in the enhanced condition experienced greater improvements in quality of life, dysfunctional beliefs, and therapeutic bond at termination, relative to participants in the standard condition. Trends also suggest a greater reduction in depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Group CBT for depression may be more effective than the individual modality for reducing interpersonal distress. Furthermore, therapeutic alliance plays a significant role in improving interpersonal distress within a structured group CBT protocol. Feedback from the OQ-45 may help improve client outcomes and enhance therapeutic bonding with facilitators in group CBT for depression.

The problem of this study was the determination of the relationship between Myers-Briggs personality temperament and extraversion-introversion, and group counseling norms, as reflected by the group counseling outcome measures: Survey of Attraction to Group, self and leader-report Interpersonal Relationship Rating Scale (IRRS), and Sociometric Choice Status Survey. The Mvers-Briggs Temperament Indicator (MBTI) and the four outcome measures were administered to a sample population of 103 graduate and undergraduate counselor education students after completion of a semester-long group counseling experience. Fifteen groups of five to nine members were surveyed. It was expected that group members whose temperaments were compatible with group counseling norms would be more likely to receive confirmation, support, and acceptance in the group, be attracted to the group, receive higher leader and self-report ratings of interpersonal skills, and be more highly valued by other members than would members whose temperaments were incompatible with group norms. It was also thought that extraverts were more likely to be attracted to the group, receive higher self and leader ratings of interpersonal skills, and to be more highly valued by other members than were introverts. No significant relationship was found between temperament and the four outcome measures. Possible explanations for this finding were discussed. However, mean scores for extraverts were significantly higher than mean scores for introverts on the Survey of Attraction to Group and leader-report interpersonal Relationship Rating Scale instruments. A related finding was that the NF temperament was overrepresented in the sample population of counselor education students by a factor of four. The INFP type was overrepresented by a factor of 16.5, and the ENFP type had the highest frequency of occurrence. Together, INFPs and ENFPs constituted 34 percent of the sample. In the general population, INFPs and ENFPs would be expected to account for only six percent of the total.

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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility of a treatment for hypersexual disorder (HD) by calculating and reporting the results with pre-collected data from a research project at ANOVA/Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset. The treatment was a cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) developed for HD administered in a 7-session group setting with a sample of HD-diagnosed women (n = 16). Feasibility was explored through symptom change of hypersexuality, sexual compulsivity, psychological distress, and depression. Symptom change in relationship to treatment attendance was also explored. In this thesis, the results are considered in a broader context, discussing theoretical issues concerning women’s sexuality in relation to hypersexual problems and medicalization of hypersexual behaviors.   The treatment was shown to be feasible. Significant decrease was found on all measures. Attendance rate significantly correlated with a decrease in depressive symptoms, but not on other measures. Women’s sexuality might differ from men’s, but the treatment, which was first evaluated for men, is still feasible for women. Treatment for hypersexual problems in women and hypersexual problems in women in general have been understudied, which makes this study an important contribution to the research field. Further treatment studies could potentially investigate whether specific alterations based on gender and sexual orientation could be needed for further development of the treatment. There are issues concerning medicalization of hypersexual behaviors which should be considered when addressing the phenomenon, such as the influence of moral and cultural factors on the understanding of hypersexuality. Still, there is need for treatment for hypersexual behaviors experienced as problematic, and having these problems addressed within the medical and scientific field has potential for being beneficial and is preferred to having them left to alternative, unregulated health care providers.

Psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar ökar runt om i världen och det blir allt viktigare att hitta alternativ för behandling av psykiska ohälsa. Friluftsterapi ger ungdomar möjlighet att komma bort från destruktiva miljöer samtidigt som man undviker begränsningarna i traditionell terapi. Friluftsterapi är en form av gruppterapi där ungdomar ställs inför utmaningar i en friluftsmiljö. Även om friluftsterapi som terapiform ökar runt om i världen saknas fortfarande forskning ur ett svenskt perspektiv. Syftet med studien är att belysa vad friluftsterapi kan bidra med i arbetet med barn och ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa, samt vilka möjligheter och hinder det finns att utföra friluftsterapi. Studien är en kvalitativ litteraturstudie, och genom en tematisk innehållsanalys analyserades 12 artiklar. För att genomföra analysen har symbolisk interaktionism och anknytningsteoretiskt perspektiv använts som ett teoretiskt ramverk. Resultatet av studien visar både positiva såväl som negativa effekter av friluftsterapi. För att en implementering av friluftsterapi ska kunna ske krävs vidare forskning inom ämnet med ett särskild fokus på svenskt sammanhang. / Mental illness among adolescents is increasing around the world. It is becoming more and more crucial to find alternatives for treating mental illnesses. Wilderness therapy gives adolescents the opportunity to get away from destructive settings while avoiding the limitations of traditional therapy. Wilderness therapy is a form of group therapy where adolescents are faced with challenges in an outdoor environment. Even though wilderness therapy is increasing within the field of mental health treatment, there is still a lack of research from a Swedish perspective. This study aims to shed light on what wilderness therapy can contribute to the treatment of adolescents with mental illness, and what opportunities and obstacles there are to use wilderness therapy. The study is a qualitative literature review, and through a thematic content analysis, 12 articles were analysed. To implement the analysis, the symbolic interactionism and attachment theory have been used as a theoretical framework. The result of the study shows both positive effects of wilderness therapy, as well as negative ones. To prescribe an implementation of wilderness therapy, further studies on the subject are called for with a special focus based on the Swedish context.

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No description available.

No description available.