三國人物經過多年的傳說，難免為後人踵事增華，以訛傳訛而混淆了他們在歷史中真 正扮演的角色。 漢末三國人禾最盛，尤以曹操、劉備、孫權能嶄露頭角。本論文為揭開三國之主的真 相，以正史三國志及裴注為依據，各按年代，細分節目，逐一剖析三者的出身背景、 人格形成及創業過程，試從三者者的一生動靜語默間，較客觀的掌握他們的形相。正 文由導論開始，以下分四章，第一章曹操的形相，共分兩節，先討論史家筆下的曹操 ，再由問題的澄清進而分析曹操的內心世界，包括曹操的笑、哭、令及文學。第二章 劉備的形相。共分兩節，先討論史家筆下的劉備，進而強調劉備情深義重的人格及時 勢造英雄的機運。第三章孫權的形相。共分兩節，先討論史家筆下的孫權，再敘述孫 權承父兄遺蔭的貴冑習性及平凡中見情的美德。第四章結論，分三節，先從思想上比 較，再由才德上比較三者的異同，最後為結語。

全真教是興於金代，在華北地區勢力較大的新宗教之一．到了大蒙古國時期，其勢力 更為壯大，以迄於元．本論文研究主題，在探討全真教與蒙古帝室之關係．計一冊， 七萬餘言，共分五章． 第一章緒論． 第二章全真教的初期發展．共分三節，敘述王重陽之創教，七子與教團的開展，以及 教團與金王朝的關係． 第三章成吉思汗時期：全真教地位的建立．共二節，討論成吉思汗的宗教態度，丘處 機與教團地位的建立． 第四章窩闊台，貴由至蒙哥可汗：全真教地位的轉變．共三節，討論汗廷與教團的關 係，朝臣與教團的往來，教團擴張及地位的轉變． 第五章後論：忽必烈以後的全真教．

一貫道在臺灣的傳道環境與過去在中國時已有相當大的改變，除了政治經濟環境的改變之外，民眾的知識水平與社會連帶也與過往大不相同，這些原因都促使當代台灣的一貫道，發展出了有別於在中國時的宣道與辦道方式。本研究從教義、組織與宗教倫理實踐三個面相來探討，臺灣一貫道如何轉變承襲自中國傳統文化中救度宗教的特質，使其更能適應當代社會。而戰後受到一貫道與當局的政教關係與當時傳道背景的影響，臺灣一貫道約分為十八個支線，各自有其發展特色。在無法窮盡所有臺灣一貫道的個案情況之下，以在當代較常參與公共事務的兩個組線——發一組與寶光組），作為調查訪談的田野。研究結果顯示，當代一貫道朝向更入世化與制度化轉型，使教義從追求彼世的極樂，轉而更著重於此世的關注。而在天命領導制度的傳承上，則更加的制度化一改救贖恩寵源自於一人的傳統。而在宗教倫理的實踐上，除了更貼近儒家的淑世行動之外，更朝公共宗教的特質發展。總而言之，一貫道在當代社會之中，逐漸捨去巫術、情感性與人格化的特質，而朝更理性、除魅與入世的方向發展。 / How to adapt the complicated and quickly changing world for the traditional religion? It is the major concern for those religions in the contemporary world. This dissertation will use the Yi Guan Dao (一貫道) as the empirical source to discuss such question. Because of the transition of the political economic environment, the improvement of the knowledge level of individual and the change of social solidarity, the missionary condition of Yi Guan Dao in Taiwan has lots of difference compared to the condition when Yi Guan Dao in China, forcing the missionary of Yi Guan Dao to change their way of missions and preach in Taiwan. This dissertation will use three factors, which are doctrine, religious organization and the practice of religious ethics, to discuss how the Yi Guan Dao transferring its character inherit from the Chinese Salvationist religion to make it much suitable for the modern society in Taiwan. Due to the social and political context after world war II, there are 18 Sect of Yi Guan Dao in Taiwan, however, this dissertation will choose the most representative two (Fa Yi Sect and Bao-Guang Sec) as the field of fieldwork. The research result shows that the contemporary Yi Guan Dao has transferred to more engaged and institutionalized than they used to be. In this vein, their doctrine has transferred from focusing on the bliss of afterlife to put more attention on this life; In their inherited of the leading system of Mandate of Heaven, it becomes more institutionalized than used to, which focusing on the traditions that the redemption grace is originated from the only one. In their practice of religious ethics, besides more close to the idea of refining of the world from the Confucianism, they also have the characteristic of public religion. In general, the Yi Guan Dao in the contemporary society, they losing their character of witchcraft, affectivity, and anthropomorphization, becoming more rationalized, more disenchantment and more engaged to the secular world.

洪娟. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 附參考文獻 (p. i-xii). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / Hong Juan. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Fu can kao wen xian (p. i-xii).

Wang, Jing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-142). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Acknowledgements / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter A. --- Background leading to the research question --- p.7 / Chapter I. --- The socialist legacy: the institutional failure of China ´ةs labor regime --- p.8 / Chapter II. --- Society in action: the emergence of migrant worker NGOs --- p.10 / Chapter B. --- Research Question --- p.16 / Chapter C. --- Significance of the research --- p.18 / Chapter D. --- Research Structure --- p.21 / Chapter I. --- Relationship with official trade unions --- p.22 / Chapter II. --- Relationship with enterprises (suppliers and MNCs) --- p.22 / Chapter III. --- Relationship with foreign NGOs --- p.24 / Chapter F. --- The Organization of the Thesis --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.26 / Chapter A. --- State-society relations: a Civil Society Perspective --- p.27 / Chapter B. --- Industrial relations as Embedded in the State-society Relations --- p.35 / Chapter C. --- Major Inadequacies in Literatures --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.42 / Chapter A. --- Research Question and Research Design --- p.42 / Chapter B. --- Justifications for Case Study as an Appropriate Method for this Research --- p.44 / Chapter C. --- Selection of the Case --- p.48 / Chapter D. --- Conducting Case Studies --- p.49 / Chapter E. --- Problems Associated with the Case Study --- p.51 / Chapter F. --- Summary --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Impoverishment of Migrant Labor: Global Capitalism and China's Urban-rural Structural Divide --- p.51 / Chapter A. --- Global Capitalism: the Political Economy of Export-orientated Industry --- p.55 / Chapter B. --- Labor Regime Facilitative to Exploitation --- p.59 / Chapter C. --- The Socio-political Underpinnings of the Labor Regime: Residence Registration System and Two-tier Labor Market --- p.63 / Chapter D. --- Corporate Social Responsibility --- p.66 / Chapter I. --- The comeback of CSR --- p.66 / Chapter II. --- CSR labor regulatory regime --- p.69 / Chapter III. --- The story of ICO started from here --- p.71 / Chapter E. --- Summary --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- The Emergence of ICO in the Context of CSR --- p.74 / Chapter A. --- Historical Review of Government Control on Social Organizations --- p.74 / Chapter B. --- The Strategy of ICO to Register with the Government --- p.78 / Chapter C. --- The ICO's Strategy into the Industrial Relations --- p.82 / Chapter D. --- Government --- p.87 / Chapter E. --- Western Civil Society and Foreign NGOs --- p.91 / Chapter F. --- Summary --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- The Expansion of ICO --- p.97 / Chapter A. --- Strategy in adaptation --- p.97 / Chapter I. --- Research --- p.97 / Chapter II. --- "CSR Consulting, Training and Auditing" --- p.98 / Chapter III. --- Labor empowerment --- p.106 / Chapter IV. --- Networking --- p.108 / Chapter B. --- Management and Capacity --- p.109 / Chapter I. --- Governance structure --- p.110 / Chapter II. --- Financial management --- p.113 / Chapter III. --- Human resources --- p.115 / Chapter C. --- Enterprises --- p.116 / Chapter D. --- Government --- p.118 / Chapter E. --- Trade Unions --- p.121 / Chapter F. --- Summary --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter A. --- State and Civil Society: A Game of Push and Pull? --- p.126 / Chapter B. --- A Western-Bred Civil Society? --- p.127 / Chapter C. --- The Social Entrepreneur --- p.130 / Chapter D. --- Refining the Theoretical Framework of Transformation in Chinese Labor Regime and State-Society Relations --- p.134 / References --- p.138

Des recherches actuelles ont montré que l'efficacité des dirigeants concerne l'humanité. En raison des connaissances différentes de la nature humaine occidentale et orientale ; il y a une différence significative de tous les genres de dirigeants. Par rapport au sens l'humanité de Ptolémée de l'Ouest avec l'individu comme le centre, la nature humaine est de Galileo dans le contexte de la culture orientale qui souligne la relation étroitement liée entre l'homme et la société. Comme le soleil est au centre de la galaxie, le chef dans les relations sociales est dans le noyau. Sur cette base, nous avons proposé Sunshine Leadership dans le contexte de la culture chinoise. Nous avons fait une enquête en deux étapes de 635 membres de l'équipe de marketing direct de la Chine. Dans la première étape, on a parlé face à face par des entretiens, de responsabilité, d’expérence sur les dirigeants et de la distance de pouvoir. Les analyses de facteur d'exploration et de facteurs de confirmation montrent que Sunshine Leadership est un concept claire de Leadership, comprenant: un sentiment de bonheur, montrer l'exemple, des relations et apporter un changement radical à l'état de choses existant. Ensuite dans la deuxième phase, on explore comment Sunshine Leadership influencer sur la satisfaction et l'engagement de l'Organisation par les influences sur la relation d'échange des membres. Les résultats montrent que c'est une bonne variable pour la prévision de comportement du personnel. Cette étude s'étend de la recherche de la théorie de la direction et fournit une perspective interculturelle et le cadre pour comprendre comment les scénarios de l'Organisation impacter l'efficacité de la direction par l’interaction avec des caractéristiques individuelles. / Previous studies have shown that Leadership effectiveness is bound up with personality. Because of the significant differences between the East and the West in human nature, there are also great differences in the styles of leadership. Compare to a Ptolemian view of human nature, which is deeply rooted in Western cultural, The Chinese concept of personality more closely resembles a Galiean view of human nature, which recognizes that the individual is embedded in a social network. Just as the sun is the center of the galaxy, leadership is at the heart of the social network. In this way, we have proposed and constructed a sunshine leadership model from the point of view of Chinese Taoism and Confucian culture. A two-phase survey data were collected from 625 Chinese direct-selling employees. In the first survey, the focal employee was asked to provide information about sunshine leadership, Including felt obligations, expectations to leader, and power distance orientation. Consistent with predictions, a simulation study is conducted using the SPSS 15.0 EFA and CFA programs. The EFA results obtained four factors. The CFA results also fit the hypothesized four factor structure model for all methods. Both results showed that the sunshine leadership was an distinctive construct which consists of four dimensions: Guanxi, Happiness, Character and Hold-Crisis. In the second survey, we further examined the influence of sunshine leadership on employee job satisfaction and organizational Commitment mediated by Leader-member exchange(LMX). The results show that the sunshine leadership is a good predictor of employee's work behavior，which had positive effects on both job satisfaction and commitment. Our Research extends theory of leadership by providing a cross-cultural perspective and framework to understanding how organizational context may interact with individual dispositions to affect the effectiveness of leadership in China. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

《鼎峙春秋》是奉乾隆皇帝的命所創造的作品.本劇本,以元明以來流傳的三國演義故事為題材,僅在清代宮廷裡所演出的劇本。 清代極為崇拜關公,而關公到了《鼎峙春秋》呈顯出最完美的形象. 本論文將關公的一生分為七個時段來探討鼎峙春秋中的關公如何被描述, 其中發現本劇作家透過關公的一生突顯出忠義精神和善惡報應思想,以此教導民眾. 本論文雖然不足的地方很多,希望研究關公的學人有所幫助. / 《Ding Zhi Chun Qiu》 was made by the order of Qian Long the Emperor of the Ch'ing dynasty. It’s a play only performed at Court. And it’s about the story in the period of the Three Kingdoms which has been one of the people’s favorite subjects since Yuan-Ming Dynasty.The people of the Ch'ing dynasty were more devoted to worship Gwangong than any other times. Therefore, the Gwangong who is a main character of 《Ding Zhi Chun Qiu》 is described as the most perfect person whose image is handed down from generation after generation.This paper divided the life of GwanGong into 7 periods based on the important historical trace, and watched how GwanGong’s story was described in《Ding Zhi Chun Qiu》. I was able to find out that the writer had intention to enlighten the people by highlighting a loyalty spirit and right and wrong retribution thoughts through Gwangong in the process. Although this paper has some insufficient points, but I hope this paper would be helpful to those who study Gwangong.

本文主要探討蔣中正於1930～1937年之間如何型範其建構現代國家的模式。此期間在完成北伐後對中共展開軍事圍剿，他試圖融合中國傳統社會控制方法與現代西方觀念，展開一連串政治、社會、經濟等層面的改革，從中體現了現代國家的建構過程。江西省作為對中共軍事圍剿的中心，在熊式輝主政下施行一系列地方政治改革措施，其中包含了許多傳統的中國社會控制方式，而正也體現了蔣中正其有關地方政治改革觀念。同時，江西省的農村與同時期中國其他省份農村，均面臨了嚴重的經濟與社會危機，江西農村在當時更成為毛澤東建立革命根據地並成功動員農民的大本營，並且展現了毛澤東建構現代國家的另一種模式。所以分析江西為何能夠成為中共進行武裝革命的重要根據地，以及其能成功動員農民的主要動力何在，成為理解蔣中正據以提出其著名的「三分軍事，七分政治」策略的重要原因。因此，江西省政府於1930年代進行一連串的地方政治改革，分析其方案內容以理解蔣中正對於地方政治改革與建構現代國家之間的關係。對蔣中正而言，進行地方政治改革的主要目的是為了擴張與強化國家對基層社會之基礎控制能力，借以強化對農村社會的控制。但為使改革成功而必須適應中國之國情，因此蔣中正採借了中國傳統帝國時期有關農村社會控制與動員的手段，例如保甲制度、團練與強調恢復傳統道德精神的新生活運動等。其後，蔣中正以江西省的實際作法與成功經驗作為其掌握國家權力後的具體施政參照，例如1939年對日抗戰期間國民政府毅然決定全面革新進行縣政制度，也反映了相同的政治改革邏輯。在蔣中正的政治改革理念中，不僅反映了傳統與現代性之間的掙扎、反抗與妥協，衝突、轉化與融合，並且有意或無意地採取了中國特有的習慣與制度，從而體現了現代性的多元特性。 / This dissertation focuses on the ideas and mode of how Chiang Kai-shek build the modern state in 1930-1937. In this period, he tried to integrate traditional Chinese social control methods and modern Western concepts, and launched a series of political, social, economic and other aspects of the reform. However, in the period of 1930-1937. Which embodies the construction of the modern state process. Jiangxi Province as the center of the Chinese military siege before 1935, Xiong Shi-hui implement a series of local political reform measures which contains many of the traditional Chinese social control, Chiang Kai-shek is the best embodiment of the concept of local political reform. At the same time, rural areas in Jiangxi Province and other provinces in China in the same period were facing serious economic and social crises. At that time, the rural areas in Jiangxi Province became Mao Zedong's revolutionary base areas and the headquarters where successfully mobilized the peasants, moreover, Mao Zedong to show the construction of a modern state of another model. Therefore, the analysis of why Jiangxi could become an important base for the armed revolution in China, its main motivation to mobilize the peasants, became an important reason for Chiang Kai-shek to put forward his famous "three points military, seven political" strategy. Therefore, the Jiangxi provincial government in the 1930s to carry out a series of local political reform, analysis of its program content to understand the Chiang Kai-shek for local political reform and the construction of the relationship between the modern state. For Chiang Kai-shek, the purpose of local political reform is to expand and strengthen the country's basic control of grass-roots level of social control, but to make the success of the reform must adapt to China's national conditions, so he adopted the traditional society of social control and mobilization means, such as the system of “Bar-jia”, “Tuan-Lian”(militia) and the new life movement which that emphasizes the restoration of the traditional moral spirit. The practices and successful experience of Jiangxi become an important reference after Chiang Kai-shek take the political power of nation, for example, he decided to conduct a comprehensive reform of the county system during the Sino-Japanese war in 1939, which that also reflects the same logic of political reform. In Chiang Kai-shek's ideas of political reform, not only reflects the struggle between tradition and modernity, resistance and compromise, bat also conflict, transformation and integration. At the same time, in his ideas had adopted China's unique habits and institutions intentionally or unintentionally, thus reflecting the characteristics of modernity multivariate.

According to Mann, the state infrastructure power is "the institutional capacity of a central state, despotic or not, to penetrate its territories and logistically implement decisions." From the perspective of state-building, this paper investigates the change of the state infrastructure power from the Maoist time to the Post-Mao period with the case study of the Industrial and Commercial Administrative Office (ICAO) in Guang Zhou city. The paper illustrates the following three arguments. / First, different from the perspectives which focus on the change of the authoritarian or communist factors in China, the state-building studies give us fresh perspective to outline the change of the state infrastructure power from the Maoist time to the Post-Mao period. In the case study of the ICAO in Guang Zhou city, the state fell short of fiscal revenue to finance the ICAO. The self-supply funding system of the ICAO hindered the formalization of the ICAO and rendered the ICAO to pursue revenue increase, which led to the arbitrary charges of the market management fee and distorted the function of the ICAO. Since 1990s, the state tried to check the ICAO's orientation of pursuing revenue increase by launching reforms to change the funding system of the ICAO and promoting the institution-building of it. Despite the limitation of the reform measures, the state enhanced its agent-monitoring capacity under the circumstance of disappearance of political movement and ideological bindings. / Second, the state-building effort of the rulers, the shortage of the fiscal revenue and the path-dependence are three outstanding factors which influence the change of the state infrastructure power from the Maoist time to the Post-Mao era. In the case of ICAO, the rulers takes efforts to extend their power to penetrate the society and monitor their agents. In order to achieve the objective of market control, the rulers established the ICAO and tried to enhance the agent-monitoring capacity. The shortage of the fiscal revenue baffled the rulers efforts to widely set up ICAO and restricted the formalization of it. Furthermore, the path dependence impacts on the development of the state infrastructure power. When the self-supply funding system of the ICAO was established, new problems and resistance arose from the funding system prevent the rulers to reform it. / Third, the state infrastructure power influences the relationship between the state and society. The state infrastructure power not only shapes how the ICAO deals with different market subjects, it also works on the coping strategies different market subjects take to protect themselves from the investigation and penalty of the ICAO. By taking the social control capacity and agent-monitoring capacity of the state into consideration, we could better understand the interaction between the ICAO and different market subjects. / 黃冬婭. / Adviser: Shaoguang Wang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3299. / Submitted: October 2007. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-229). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Huang Dongya.

徐焯賢. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學人類學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 73-76. / Xu Zhuoxian. / Chapter 第一章 --- 總論 --- p.1 / Chapter 甲. --- 硏究課題 / Chapter 乙. --- 文獻回顧 / Chapter 丙. --- 硏究方法 / Chapter 第二章 --- 香港粤曲曲藝社的槪況一一以觀華遊樂社爲例 --- p.14 / Chapter 甲. --- 觀華遊樂社的背景資料 / Chapter I. --- 名稱由來 / Chapter II. --- 成立經過和歷史 / Chapter III. --- 會員人數 / Chapter IV. --- 日常活動 / Chapter V. --- 宗旨 / Chapter VI. --- 組織架構 / Chapter 乙. --- 活動描述 / Chapter I. --- 操曲 / Chapter II. --- 敎授老人中心 / Chapter III. --- 公開演出 / Chapter 丙. --- 小結 / Chapter 第三章 --- 觀華遊樂社與香港社會的關係 --- p.34 / Chapter 甲. --- 觀塘社區發展 / Chapter 乙. --- 整體粤曲粤劇發展 / Chapter 丙. --- 九七回歸帶動的身份認同 / Chapter 丁. --- 小結 / Chapter 第四章 --- 觀華遊樂社與個人社會空間的關係 --- p.50 / Chapter 甲. --- 前言 / Chapter 乙. --- 個人資料 / Chapter 丙. --- 參加觀華的重要性 / Chapter I. --- 觀華成員身份的確立 / Chapter II. --- 社區身份 / Chapter III. --- 中國文化身份 / Chapter 丁. --- 小結 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結一一個人、社會與曲藝社 --- p.69 / 參考書目 --- p.73