No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Denna studie söker förståelse för studie- och yrkesvägledares upplevelser av arbetet med att vidga perspektiv och att ge arbetsmarknadsinformation till elever på gymnasiala yrkesprogram samt vilka effekter detta arbete upplevs ha. Detta görs genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta studie- och yrkesvägledare i Sverige. Studie- och yrkesvägledarna upplever att perspektivvidgande vägledning är viktigt för eleverna. Detta då eleverna får möjlighet att se andra vägar. Möjligheten att välja och välja bort utbildnings- och yrkesmöjligheter upplever respondenterna leder till mer välgrundade val. Det finns en upplevd oro hos ett antal respondenter kring att låta nedvärderande till elevernas tilltänkta bransch som följd av perspektivvidgande vägledning. Detta påverkar i viss mån hur studie- och yrkesvägledarna arbetar med perspektivvidgning och uttrycker sig till eleverna. Arbetet med arbetsmarknadsinformation varierar mellan respondenterna men upplevs som viktigt för elevernas kontakt med arbetslivet och kunskap om arbetsmarknadens förändringar. Arbetsförlagt lärande (APL) samt yrkeslärarnas kunskaper inom elevernas tilltänkta branscher upplevs betydelsefulla. Studie- och yrkesvägledarna ger framför allt arbetsmarknadsinformation mot andra branscher och yrken om intresset finns för detta. / This study seeks a deeper understanding of how guidance counselors experience the work with perspective broadening, giving information about the labor market and what effects those might have on students in upper secondary vocational education. This will be achieved through qualitative interviews with eight guidance counselors in Sweden. The guidance counselors experience that perspective-broadening counseling is important for the students. It opens up alternative routes. The ability to choose a path within studies and jobs leads to better career choices. There was a concern among the respondents about sounding derogatory to the students' chosen industry as a result of perspective-broadening guidance. To some extent, this affects how the guidance counselors work with broadening perspectives and express themselves to students. The work with labor market information varies between the respondents but is perceived as important for students' contact with working life and knowledge of changes in the labor market. Work-based learning (practice) and the vocational teachers' knowledge of the students' intended industries are perceived as significant. The guidance counselors primarily provide labor market information on other industries if there is interest in this.

Because most academic advisement programs were established to accomodate traditional student populations, it was the purpose of this study to compare the effectiveness of these systems as perceived by traditional and non-traditional undergraduate students at three of Tennessee's regional universities. Traditional and non-traditional students were also compared on the extent to which they exhibit self-directed learning. A comparison of mean scores was made for responses made to items contained in the American College Testing (ACT) Survey of Academic Advising, including the total mean score for the Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory (OCLI) between traditional/non-traditional students, full-time/part-time students, students at the three universities, males/females, students of different races, and married/unmarried students. There were no significant differences found as to the perception of overall advisement effectiveness between traditional/non-traditional students, full-time/part-time students, students at the three universities, males/females, students of different races, or married/unmarried students. However, differences were found among the groups. Part-time students were more satisfied with the performance of their advisors in relation to various questions than full-time students. Non-traditional students were generally more satisfied with their personal relationship with their advisors and also obtained a higher mean score on the OCLI than traditional students. Significant differences were found among students responding from the three universities to questions regarding advisor availability, referrals by advisors, and the initiation of meetings on the part of the advisor. It is recommended that academic advisement programs be evaluated on a continuing basis and that advisors be made available to meet the needs of various groups represented in each college, especially part-time and non-traditional students. It is also recommended that more research be conducted relative to the various groups that presently make up student populations as to possible correlation between various individual and group characteristics that might impact academic advisement. Included in those additional studies could be examination of differences of perceived advisement between students at various types and sizes of institutions as well as a comparison of perceived advisement effectiveness between institutions having various student/advisor ratios. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of occupational stress among nurse administrators and to identify the types of strategies used by nurse administrators to deal with or manage occupational stress. The study examined the relationship between selected demographic variables, occupational stress, and strategies. The research design included five research questions along with seven null hypotheses testing the relationship between occupational stress and demographic variables--age, gender, marital status, years of professional nursing experience, years as a nurse administrator, educational attainment, and hospital bed capacity. There were seven additional hypotheses testing the relationship between the same demographic variables and three categories of coping strategies. The instrument used included the researcher-designed Demographic Questionnaire, the Health Professions Stress Inventory (HPSI), and a listing of 17 coping strategies. Nurse administrator's HPSI overall mean stress score was lower than the HPSI mean stress level scores reported for nurses in previous studies. Five subscales of stressors (Stress Factors) were identified by analyzing the HPSI using Principal Components Factor Analysis. A statistical significant difference (p $<$.05) was revealed for nurse administrators for: (1) overall stress level when tested by three of the demographic variables, years as a nurse administrator, educational attainment, and hospital bed capacity; (2) subscale level of stress when testing the HPSI five stress factors by marital status, years as a nurse administrator, and educational attainment. A statistical significant difference (p $<$.05) for strategies used by nurse administrators was revealed with testing: (1) Avoidance strategy by demographic variables--age, number of years of professional experience, number of years as a nurse administrator, and hospital bed capacity and, (2) Active Cognitive strategy by demographic--gender. The Spearman Rho correlation coefficient procedures used to correlate the HPSI five Stress Factors with Active Cognitive, Active Behavioral, and Avoidance strategies revealed: (1) Stress Factor 1, Professional Conflicts was significantly related to Avoidance strategy (r$\sb{\rm s}$ =.24). (2) Stress Factor 2, Lack of Recognition as a Professional, was negatively significantly correlated with Active Cognitive Strategy (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = $-$.22). (3) Stress Factor 3, Work Overload, was significantly related to Active Cognitive strategy (r$\sb{\rm s}$ =.23). (4) Nurse administrators overall stress was significantly related to Avoidance Strategy (r$\sb{\rm s}$ =.28).