Thesis--Stockholm. / Summary in English. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 312-323).

This paper sets out to investigate if there are any common factors between the childhood and religious perception with the Swedish poet Gunnar Ekelöf and if so, which are they and how can they be explained? To help in this understanding and explanation, theoretical pieces from psychoanalysis, egopsychology and the personality model are used as tools of interpretation. Psychoanalysis comes foremost from Freud, egopsychology from his successors and the personality model (swe. personlighetsmodellen) from the Swedish scientist in psychology of religion Antoon Geels. While looking at the biographical background, archives and poetry of Gunnar Ekelöf, these common factors becomes clear and with the aid of theory they are explained and understood. The results are discussed and put in context to prior research.

After being "work in progress" for nearly 23 years, Gunnar Ekelӧf’s long; "Waste Land" poem or quotation-mosaic A Mӧlna Elegy appeared in 1960. For the purposes of this study I have had access to the original manuscripts, notebooks and letters of Gunnar Ekelӧf. Part I As is also the case with T. S. Eliot's: The Waste Land, the critical appraisal of Gunnar Ekelӧf's open-form poem A Mӧlna Elegy has been marked by the dominance of a holistic approach to literature; the work has accordingly been described! either as chaotic and structureless and seen as reflecting Ekelӧf's evolving, contradictory views of art during the long period of genesis or the attempt has been made to reconcile the: chaotic impression which the poem makes with the traditional criterion of "textual, unity" by recourse to: the notion of musical structure or to the idea of the lyrical "I" as focal point and unifying principle. The first part of this: study has been devoted to: an examination of those extrinsic elements in Ekelӧf's world view and aesthetics which motivated his use of the open structure in A Mӧlna. Elegy: his aesthetics of the indistinct and interest in the: active reader role his aesthetics of the incomplete. Works by Egbert Faas, Umberto Eco and Fritjof Capra have provided the conceptual framework for the notion of the open-form, i.e. of Western art forms which make use of trains of thought common to Eastern mysticism and modern physics and to which the traditional notion of "organic unity" is not germane. Part II The second half of this study concerns itself with an exploration of the question of the supposed influence of T. S. Eliot on Gunnar Ekelӧf, the subject of considerable debate among Swedish critics; the centre of interest has been the possible influence of Eliot's Four Quartets on Ekelӧf's collection Ferry Song (1941) and, more importantly, the possible influence of The Waste Land on A Mӧlna Elegy. Several aspects of the Eliot-Ekelӧf interference hypothesis have been examined: the history of Eliot's supposed influence on Ekelӧf in critical circles; Ekelӧf's reception of Eliot-Ekelӧf’s attitude towards the concept of "influence"; his views on the question of his supposed dependency on Eliot; textual similarities in Ekelӧf's work which could conceivably be put forward in support of the Eliot-Ekelӧf influence hypothesis. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to examine and analyze the discourse concerning a new public library in Stockholm. The paper further discusses how this discourse corresponds with what is written about public libraries in a number of national and international documents. To do this I have utilized the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe. By using some of their instruments I have established the discourse around a number of keywords. I then use these keywords to see if and how they appear in the documents. My conclusion is that this discourse is concerned with the library as a center of knowledge and that the individual user is of particular interest. By comparing the discourse with what is sad in the documents I found many similarities. The documents portray the public library as a center of knowledge as well, but they also put forward there quality as a cultural center. Further the documents do not show the same interest in the individual user. Hence the discourse concerning the new public library in Stockholm points to a somewhat different view on the role of the public library. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The subject of this dissertation is the Finland-Swedish author Gunnar Björling (1887-1960) and his journey towards Modernism. The principle thesis of this dissertation, the idea that Björling’s distinctive language cannot be understood without an underlying modernistic current, is outlined in Chapter I. It also discusses the idea that Modernism cannot be reduced to a matter of style, but encompasses particular values, ideological stances and practical matters, such as the forming of alliances, writing manifestos and publishing journals. Chapter II examines how and why Björling came to be regarded as a modernist. A strongly contributing factor was Björling’s language, which from the very first violated prevailing ideas on acceptable forms of expression. The fact that he published his first book through the modernist publishing firm Daimon, and contributed to its journal Ultra, further confirmed his modernistic placing. Chapter III focuses on Björling’s unpublished juvenilia from the 1910’s. The young Björling wrote traditional rhyming verse but was also influenced by writings of a more symbolistic and modern character. The chapter concludes with a study of bizarrerierna, Björling’s dream notes, originally written during the 1910’s but first published in 1928. With their bold enjambments and highly compressed form, these notes came to influence the continued development of his lyrical imagery. Chapter IV deals with his debut Vilande dag (Resting day) (1922) and its symbolistically coloured language problematic. Björling struggled to find a language that would convey his experience of the limitlessness of being, a language striving to transcend words, leaving space for silence. This struggle for the right words continues in the later Korset och löftet (The cross and the promise) (1925) and Chapter V demonstrates how this is connected with the quest for God. In the wake of German Expressionism and Dadaism, Björling adopts a more disjointed syntax and a bolder and more dissonant lyrical imagery. There also occurs a thematic expansion, giving greater prominence to the daily life of the metropolis, a life transformed by media. In accordance with modernistic patterns, Björling chose to end his book with a theoretical epilogue, which is a distinctive collation of life philosophy, anti-clericalism, passionate religiousness, moral-philosophical discussions and aesthetic expositions.

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In order to encourage the establishment of an erosion controlling vegetative ground cover, low cost organic amendments and inorganic fertilizers were incorporated into an abandoned, non-acid generating mine tailings pond. By amending these gold mine tailings with a small quantity (3.7 kg m-2) of combined papermill sludge and fertilizer, a consistent and robust grass/Medicago sativa sward was established within the first growing season. This tailings amendment and the subsequent plant establishment lead to improvements in substrate fertility characteristics including aggregation, bulk density, as well as cation exchange capacity and organic content. Chemical fertility (available nitrogen and phosphorous) was ameliorated by all initial amendment treatments. However, the effect was relatively short-lived, with all amendment treatments returning to their background levels of these nutrients within one to two years. This study further proves the usefulness of papermill sludge as a low cost amendment for disturbed soil substrates, including mine tailings.

In this MA-thesis, I investigate the usage of musical terminology in the study of modern, post-metric poetry. I present the theoretical field «musico-literary studies», and point to some examples of inconsistent vocabulary in the critical debate on musicalized poetry. I also examine the effectiveness of the musical analogy in the analysis of poetic texts, and put this to the test in three textual analyses: «Some soldier wrote» by Ursula Andkjær Olsen, «Absentia animi» by Gunnar Ekelöf and Solaris korrigert by Øyvind Rimbereid. The thesis concludes that the musical analogy and the use of a musical vocabulary should be used with some care. Although it can often highlight interesting compositional and even thematic aspects of poetic texts, the analogy only becomes fully functional when the text is structured by the same principles as the musical form in question.

In order to encourage the establishment of an erosion controlling vegetative ground cover, low cost organic amendments and inorganic fertilizers were incorporated into an abandoned, non-acid generating mine tailings pond. By amending these gold mine tailings with a small quantity (3.7 kg m-2) of combined papermill sludge and fertilizer, a consistent and robust grass/Medicago sativa sward was established within the first growing season. This tailings amendment and the subsequent plant establishment lead to improvements in substrate fertility characteristics including aggregation, bulk density, as well as cation exchange capacity and organic content. Chemical fertility (available nitrogen and phosphorous) was ameliorated by all initial amendment treatments. However, the effect was relatively short-lived, with all amendment treatments returning to their background levels of these nutrients within one to two years. This study further proves the usefulness of papermill sludge as a low cost amendment for disturbed soil substrates, including mine tailings.

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2004.