Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-17T15:36:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InteracaoMutualisticaAves.pdf: 2565157 bytes, checksum: ffbd5c9535079adad406567baef96f4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-17T17:34:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InteracaoMutualisticaAves.pdf: 2565157 bytes, checksum: ffbd5c9535079adad406567baef96f4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-17T17:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InteracaoMutualisticaAves.pdf: 2565157 bytes, checksum: ffbd5c9535079adad406567baef96f4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O consumo de frutos por aves pode representar uma relação mutualística, na qual estas o utilizam como fonte de nutrientes, deixando as sementes intactas. Tais interações podem ser descritas por redes, as quais podem ocorrem ao acaso ou assumem um padrão. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a estruturação da rede na floresta primária e secundária, assim como o nível de aninhamento das interações da assembléia de aves de sub-bosque e espécies de vegetais do Parque Ecológico de Gunma, situado na região Amazônica. Foram realizadas captura de aves com redes ornitológicas para identificação da espécie, coleta e análise das fezes, no período de março a dezembro de 2007. Os dados foram empregados para determinação da conectância, do aninhamento do sistema mutualístico, do índice de importância das espécies e para elaboração da rede de interação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o grau de aninhamento na floresta secundária foi maior que na primária e, a rede de interação final do Parque Ecológico de Gunma foi composta por 37 espécies (animais e plantas) interagindo com conectância de 18% e grau de aninhamento de 95%. As aves potencialmente dispersoras de sementes foram representadas por 20 espécies, destacando-se as famílias Pipridae, Tyrannidae, Turdidae e Thraupidae. Dixiphia pipra foi a principal dispersora nas duas fisionomias estudadas, seguido de Lipaugus vociferans na floresta primária e Cyanerpes caerulens na floresta secundária. Dentre os vegetais, 17 espécies fizeram parte da dieta das aves, e Miconia ciliata apresentou o maior índice de importância, pois interagiu com 16 espécies de aves, seguida de Phthirusa micrantha, na floresta primária, e Euterpe oleracea na floresta secundária. / The ingestion of fruits by birds may represent a mutualistic relationship in which they use fruit as nutrient sources keeping intact the seeds. This interaction is described as networks and can present patterns or occurs at random. This study was designed to determine the network structure and the nestedness of interactions between understory bird assemblies and plants from primary and secondary forests at Gunma Ecological Park (PEG), located in the Amazonian region. From March to December of 2007, a total of ten expeditions were conducted for bird capture using mist nets and collection of feces samples for seeds identification. The results were used to determine the connectance, importance index and the nestedness of the mutualistic system. The nestedness in secondary forest was higher than in the primary forest, and the net interaction at Gunma Ecological Park was comprised by 37 species (birds and plants) with connectance of 18% and nestedness of 95%. Birds potentially seed dispersers were represented by 20 species, mainly by the families Pipridae, Tyrannidae, Turdidae and Thaurapidae. Dixiphia pipra was the most important seed disperser species in primary and secondary forest followed by Lipaugus vociferans in primary forest and Cyanerpes caerulens in secondary forest. A total of 17 plants species were found in the diet of birds. Miconia ciliata showed the highest importance index because it interacted with 16 bird species,followed by Phthirusa micrantha in primary forest and Euterpe Oleracea in secondary forest.

Denna studie undersöker temat ”hembygden” i Helmer Grundströms tidiga diktning. Metodengrundar sig på en kombination av hermeneutisk tematik och ett biografiskt material, för att på så viskunna sammankoppla författarens liv med hans diktning. Tematiken härleds ur avsnittet kallat”Mallarmés poetiska universum”, ur Jean-Pierre Richards L'univers de Mallarmé, men avviker fråndenna på vissa punkter. Detta grundar sig dels på den biografiska aspekten i min studie, vilket intetäcks in av nämnda text, men också på grund av att jag väljer att endast fokusera på ett enda tema.Helmer Grundströms norrländska bakgrund har i hög grad färgat av sig på de texter som han senareskrev, och dikterna speglar därför till viss del de komplicerade känslor som han hyste införhembygden. Därför förväntas det biografiska materialet förstärka mina påståenden och antaganden.    I uppsatsens analys uppmärksammas olika detaljer i texten, och dessa detaljer diskuteras sedan iförhållande till liknande inslag. Utifrån dessa mindre delar urskiljs olika motiv i diktningen, somtillsammans bildar den tematiska helhetsbilden. En stor del av motivurvalet i Grundströms diktningkretsar också kring hembygden. Huvudmotiven är, enligt min uppfattning, de kontrasterandeaspekterna hemlängtan och behovet av att ge sig av, vilka båda inryms i hembygdens tematiskahelhet. Dessa motiv utvecklas och diskuteras utifrån textexempel, och kompletteras med utsagor omförfattarens samtida livssituation. Även andra motiv urskiljs i diktningen, för att sedan knytas an tilltemats två redan nämnda huvudaspekter. Sammanfattningsvis kommenteras temat sedan i sinhelhet. Det utgör således huvudmålet i min studie: att se det stora genom de små detaljerna, vilketRichard också förespråkar.

The purpose of this paper was to seek answers to why the Christian Democrats decided to actively contribute to the December agreement as well as its termination. My questions are: • Why did the Christian Democrats decide to join the December agreement? • Why did the Christian Democrats decide to leave the December agreement? I have used an analysis model based on the model Gunnar Sjöblom developed to explain how parties in a multi-party system reach their overall goal of program realization. As a development of Sjöblom's model, I have added an aspect from Karl Loxbo about the importance of the parties' strategic actions over time. I have also used Tommy Möller's description of eleven factors that affect the scope of action for political leaders at national level. I have used a case study design and made a comparison of two different analysis units in time. To chart the course of events and to find causal mechanisms, I have used process tracking. My conclusions are that the Christian Democrats had a primary focus on cohesion of the Alliance as a starting point for entering into the December agreement and that the party largely left the agreement because the new party leader considered it as a barrier to realizing the party's new political orientation. The situation that arose after the Swedish Democrats entered the Riksdag and brought entirely new conditions remains to be solved.

Developed from a desire to explore alternative ways of addressing aspects of architecture, the project After the Architects tells the story of the KTH School of Architecture building through the eyes of me - one of its many users. The project consists of a film, an exhibition and a hand book with mental excercises. Investigating the tools we have at hands as architects in the context of storytelling as a mean of communication, I wanted to dissect the many layers of interpretation and experiences a building consists of. It is often said that the core of a building is what it does and how it does this. Since buildings, rooms and spaces are experienced differently by everyone, I think the active use of subjectivity is the best way of approaching this theme. The KTH School of Architecture building has been my second home for five years. It has hosted architecture education since 1970, but after the summer of 2015, it is entering a new phase as the school is moving to a new building. Therefore, as a student leaving the building, I’m using my subjectivity as a tool for investigating the relationship between the course of time, the school building, and myself.  Which effects and stories has it staged over the years and how has the building affected me, on an intellectual-, as well as on a personal level? Some of the themes I’ve been working with are; the aspects of time, memories and nostalgia, the different roles of a building, spaces as references, and the interplay between perspective, interpretation and meaning. / Sprunget ur en önskan att undersöka alternativa sätt att diskutera arkitektoniska aspekter skildrar projektet After the Architects historien om KTH arkitekturskolans byggnad sett genom mina ögon i egenskap av en av dess många användare. Projektet består av en film, en utställning och en handbok med tankeövningar. Genom att använda mig av formen av historieberättande vill jag belysa den mängd av lager av tolkningar och upplevelser som en byggnad skapar förutsättningar för. Det sägs att kärnan i vad en byggnad är består av det den gör och hur den gör detta. Eftersom vi upplever byggnader, rum och platser på olika sätt anser jag att en aktiv användning av det subjektiva perspektivet är det bästa sättet att ta sig an detta ämne. KTHs Arkitekturskola har varit mitt andra hem de senaste fem åren. Sedan 1970 har det inrymt arkitekturutbildningen i Stockholm, men efter vårterminen 2015 går byggnaden in i en ny fas, då skolverksamheten flyttar till en ny byggnad. I egenskap av en student som lämnar byggnaden använder jag mig av min subjektivitet som ett analysverktyg för att undersöka relationen mellan tidens gång, byggnaden och mig själv. Vilka upplevelser och historier har den iscensatt genom åren och hur har byggnaden påverkat mig; både på ett intellektuellt- och på ett känslomässigt plan? Några av de teman jag arbetat med är: tiden & byggnaden, minnen & nostalgi, byggnadens olika roller, platser som referenser, och sambandet mellan perspektiv, tolkning och meningsskapande.

In the Anthropocene, a new approach towards nature in poetry is emerging. This change is closely related to ecocritical theory, which is a reevaluation of the human view on, and representation of, nature. It moves away from a more traditional anthropocentric perspective to a more critical one. This can for instance be in the spirit of Arne Naess or Timothy Morton, the two main theorists used in this essay. This essay is an ecocritical close reading of two Swedish contemporary poems on nature: “När jag går i skymningsmörkret” by Ingela Strandberg (from Att snara en fågel, 2018) and “(Strandförskjutningar)” by Gunnar D Hansson (from Tapeshavet, 2017). The focus of the reading is on the representation of wild, untouched nature. The formulated questions in the essay concern how untouched nature is represented in the poems, the human relationship towards it and how the differences and similarities between the two poems relate to and transform romantic representations of nature.  The conclusion is that these two very different poems exemplify the range of contemporary Swedish nature poetry. Strandberg’s poem is leaning towards a romantic or ecosofist representation of nature, whilst Hansson’s is more clear-cut ecocritical in line with Morton’s dark ecology.

Submitted by Samira Prince (prince@ufpa.br) on 2012-11-19T16:35:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_SubsidiosGestaoAmbiental.pdf: 4064738 bytes, checksum: 7846b0d1ff062019287b8e968bbf08be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2012-11-19T18:26:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_SubsidiosGestaoAmbiental.pdf: 4064738 bytes, checksum: 7846b0d1ff062019287b8e968bbf08be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-19T18:26:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_SubsidiosGestaoAmbiental.pdf: 4064738 bytes, checksum: 7846b0d1ff062019287b8e968bbf08be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / A pesquisa discute as facilidades e dificuldades que são inerentes a implementação de parques urbanos. A questão central da pesquisa é: quais fatores facilitam e dificultam a implementação de um parque urbano em uma área de forte pressão ocupacional? Toma-se como caso de estudo o Parque Ecológico do Município de Belém Gunnar Vingren (PEGV). Para a análise, a pesquisa utiliza as literaturas de participação, governança e governança urbana tendo como ponto central a gestão ambiental de parques urbanos. A pesquisa utiliza, também, a teoria dos stakeholders para melhor entendimento sobre o comportamento dos atores sociais. Metodologicamente, o trabalho assumiu a abordagem qualitativa e utilizou-se da observação direta e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os stakeholders. O estudo apresenta duas principais conclusões: primeiro, que os divergentes modelos de gestão ambiental implementados em Belém durante dois períodos governamentais tiveram direta influencia na participação dos atores sociais na implementação do PEGV e, consequentemente, na forma como eles interagem com os gestores do parque. Segundo, a implementação de dois significativos projetos governamentais (o Projeto da Macrodrenagem da Bacia do Una, em 1998 e o Projeto de Extensão da Avenida Centenário - parte do Projeto Ação Metrópole, em 2010) implantados para o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade, também contribuíram para dificultar a conciliação dos divergentes interesses dos atores urbanos. / The research debates the advantages and difficulties that are intrinsic in the urban parks implementation. The central research question is: what factors may facilitate or hinder an urban park implementation in an area of significant occupational pressure? The research takes as a case study the Belem City Ecological Park Gunnar Vingren (PEGV). For analysis, the research uses the literature of participation, governance and urban governance taking as a central issue the urban parks environment management. The research also uses the stakeholders’ literature for a better understanding of social actors’ behavior. Methodologically, the research takes the qualitative method and uses direct observation and semi-structured interviews with the stakeholders. The study stresses two main conclusions. First, the research shows that different environment management patterns carried out in Belem during two different government periods had direct influence on social actors participation in the PEGV implementation and then in the way of how they interact with the park managers. Second, the implementation of two large governmental projects (Una Bay Macro-drainage Project that began in 1988 and the Centenário Avenue Extension Project that is part of the Metropolitan Action Project and started in 2010) carried out for the city urban development also contributed to make harder to conciliate the divergent interest of the urban actors.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-05T15:04:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DiversidadeQuiropterofaunaMammalia.pdf: 3845720 bytes, checksum: d1c22861b314a1e30cfd66d4483f9214 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-12T13:33:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DiversidadeQuiropterofaunaMammalia.pdf: 3845720 bytes, checksum: d1c22861b314a1e30cfd66d4483f9214 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-12T13:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DiversidadeQuiropterofaunaMammalia.pdf: 3845720 bytes, checksum: d1c22861b314a1e30cfd66d4483f9214 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / O implemento de Unidades de Conservação constitui um dos meios para se evitar a perda de biodiversidade nas regiões de influência das grandes metrópoles, e o monitoramento de certos grupos zoológicos nessas unidades pode contribuir ao êxito de programas conservacionistas locais. O Parque Ecológico de Gunma (PEG), com área de 540 hectares administrada pela Associação Gunma Kenjin-Kai do Norte do Brasil, protege um remanescente florestal no município de Santa Bárbara do Pará, região da Grande Belém, Estado do Pará, constituído principalmente por fitofisionomias de Terra Firme e Igapó. Este trabalho tem por objetivo oferecer um perfil taxonômico e ecológico da quiropterofauna (Mammalia) nos limites do Parque e seu entorno. A análise quantitativa incluiu medidas de esforço de captura, riqueza e diversidade, assim como uma avaliação da estrutura de comunidades por Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS) considerando-se as fisionomias vegetais principais e duas áreas selecionadas de Terra Firme. Num conjunto de seis campanhas, de julho a dezembro de 2005, identificaram-se 37 espécies de morcegos, distribuídas em cinco famílias. Contudo, em nenhum ambiente as curvas de rarefação atingiram a assíntota. Os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’) e Simpson (D) foram de 1,86 e 0,69, respectivamente. Carollia perspicillata exibiu a mais alta abundância relativa, abrangendo 50% das capturas, mas de modo distinto entre fisionomias com aproximadamente 59% em Terra Firme e 32% em Igapó. O achado de Neonycteris pusilla representa a segunda ocorrência do táxon para o Estado do Pará. As estimativas de diversidade foram mais elevadas no Igapó (H’ = 1,91; [1-D] = 0,80) do que na Terra Firme (H’ = 1,71; [1-D] = 0,63), apesar da pequena área do primeiro (3,3% da extensão do PEG) e da maior riqueza de espécies da segunda. Isto pode refletir o fato de que a quase totalidade das capturas se deu nos meses mais secos do ano na região, quando em tese haveria tropismo das espécies por espaços de maior oferta hídrica. Assim, parece imperativo complementar o levantamento com amostragens na estação chuvosa para uma descrição fidedigna da quiropterofauna do PEG. Confirmando-se o previsto, a comparação de duas áreas de Terra Firme com distintos graus de alteração apontou maior diversidade de quirópteros na área mais conservada. A importância do PEG como Unidade de Conservação pode ser atestada pela presença de espécies sob risco (vulneráveis ou quase ameaçadas), p.ex. N. pusilla e Tonatia carrikeri. Verificou-se a ameaça de interferências antrópicas sobre os seus ecossistemas devido principalmente à proximidade com áreas rurais e urbanas. O monitoramento da riqueza e dinâmica ecológica dos morcegos no Parque Ecológico de Gunma pode evitar a extinção local de táxons raros, assim como a proliferação de outros, que em situações especiais se tornam ameaçadores à saúde humana, caso do hematófago Desmodus rotundus, potencial hospedeiro e transmissor do vírus rábico. / Implementing Conservation Units provides tools to prevent loss of biodiversity in areas under the influence of large urban towns. To monitor certain zoological groups in such Units may contribute to promote successful local conservation programs. The “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” (PEG, Gunma Ecological Park), a property with 540 ha administered by the “Associação Gunma Kenjin-Kai do Norte do Brasil”, preserves a forest remnant inside the city of Santa Bárbara do Pará, region of “Great Belém”, Pará State, Brazil. The Park is predominantly composed by “Terra Firme” (upland forest) and “Igapó” (seasonally flooded forests near streams and the main river) plant physiognomies. The present study aims to provide a taxonomic and ecological profile about the bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) occurring in the Park and its adjacencies. The quantitative analysis included measures of capture efforts, species richness and diversity, as well as an evaluation of community structures by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) in order to compare the two main physiognomies, and also two selected areas of “Terra Firme”. Thirty-seven species of bats, belonging to five families, were collected in the studied area during six campaigns from July to December 2005, although the cumulative species curves have not been asymptotic in any case. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (1-D) diversity indexes were of 1.86 and 0.69, respectively. The phyllostomid Carollia perspicillata exhibited the highest relative abundance of all species, comprising about 50% of the captures, but in a distinct way between plant physiognomies, since that rate was of 59% for “Terra Firme” and of 32% for “Igapó”. The finding of Neonycteris pusilla represents the second occurrence of this taxon recorded in the Pará State. Diversity estimates were higher for the Igapó (H’ = 1.91; [1- D] = 0.80) than for the “Terra Firme” (H’ = 1.71; [1-D] = 0.63), despite the small extension of the former environment (3.3% of the PEG area) and the higher species richness of the later environment. This profile may reflect the fact that almost the totality of bat captures in the studied region occurred during the driest months of the year, so that there would be preference of the species for places with greater water availability. Thus, it seems imperative to complement the inventory through samplings during the wet season, in order to formulate an accurate description of the PEG bat fauna. As already expected, a comparison between two “Terra Firme” areas subjected to distinct degradation pressures indicated greater bat fauna diversity in the less disturbed area. The importance of the PEG as a Conservation Unity may be attested by the local presence of vulnerable and near threatened species like N. pusilla and Tonatia carrikeri. Threats of anthropic interference on local ecosystems were detected mainly due to the proximity of the Park to rural-urban areas. Monitoring the species richness and ecological dynamics of bat fauna in the “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” can prevent local extinction of rare taxa, as well as avoid proliferation of those that are potentially harmful to human health in certain situations - as is the case of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, a potential reservoir of rabies vírus.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-05-12T16:33:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EstudoComportamentalBesourao.pdf: 2000869 bytes, checksum: 3f6abe9c3b91db6bc3d087de11e4523f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-17T13:24:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EstudoComportamentalBesourao.pdf: 2000869 bytes, checksum: 3f6abe9c3b91db6bc3d087de11e4523f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-17T13:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EstudoComportamentalBesourao.pdf: 2000869 bytes, checksum: 3f6abe9c3b91db6bc3d087de11e4523f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A comunicação acústica em beija-flores durante muito tempo foi negligenciada em função da coloração conspícua que representa uma sofisticada comunicação visual da maioria dos representantes deste grupo. Entretanto, estudos recentes constataram que há indícios de aprendizagem vocal em algumas espécies de Trochilidae. O presente estudo aborda o comportamento vocal do beija-flor Phaethornis superciliosus, espécie abundante na região amazônica. Esta espécie apresenta como sistema de acasalamento a formação em arena, que consiste na agregação de machos em um pequeno território, onde se exibem para outros machos e fêmeas, com o intuito de atrair estas últimas para acasalar. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar o comportamento vocal de P. superciliosus dispostos em seis arenas no Parque Ecológico de Gunma, Santa Bárbara do Pará, 50 km ao norte de Belém, considerando a emissão e estrutura física do canto, seu repertório, a frequência de emissão ao longo do dia e do ano e a dinâmica das arenas. Verificamos que a população estudada apresenta um repertório vocal composto de duas notas que são emitidas de maneira alternada. Os cantos dos indivíduos analisados apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si considerando os parâmetros físicos do som (frequências máxima e mínima, duração e intervalo entre as notas e o ritmo de emissão das notas). Esta diferenciação inter-individual pode estar relacionada à seleção sexual, na qual o canto pode permitir o reconhecimento individual, sua posição social e seu desempenho para a atração das fêmeas. Constatamos que a atividade vocal é mais intensa no segundo semestre, entre junho e novembro, período que provavelmente corresponde à estação reprodutiva. Realizamos testes de playback, que consistem em reproduzir um som previamente gravado e registrar a resposta provocada em uma das arenas em dois pontos distintos, simulando a entrada de outro indivíduo. Constatamos que o som emitido em resposta ao teste diferiu significativamente do canto espontâneo em todos os parâmetros físicos analisados. A resposta ao playback mostra que houve uma redução na faixa de frequência com que o canto foi emitido e o ritmo de emissão de notas mais rápido. Tais características do canto podem estarrelacionadas a um comportamento mais agressivo. As arenas são formadas emáreas de borda e sempre próximas a igarapés, com o tamanho da área variando entre 86m2 e 14m2, compostas de dois a quatro indivíduos distantes de 7m a 72m entre si. Nossos resultados mostraram que a organização social da arena deve ser melhor compreendida através de estudos mais detalhados sobre o possível significado que as diferenças individuais no canto podem representar para o estabelecimento da posição hierárquica dos indivíduos nas arenas. / Acoustic communication in hummingbirds has long been neglected due to the conspicuous coloration that represents a sophisticated visual communication of most representatives of this group. However, recent studies have found that there is evidence of vocal learning in some species of Trochilidae. The present study focuses on the vocal behavior of the hummingbird Phaethornis superciliosus, abundant species in the Amazon region. This species has a mating system as formation of leks, which is the aggregation of males in a small territory, where they display to other males and females, in order to attract the latter to mate. The aim of this study was to analyze the vocal P. superciliosus arranged in six leks in Gunma Ecological Park, Santa Bárbara do Pará, 50 km north of Belém, considering the issue and physical structure of the song, his repertoire, the frequency of issue throughout the day and year and the dynamics of leks. We found that the population presented a vocal repertoire consisting of two notes that are issued alternately. The songs of the individuals analyzed showed significant differences between them considering the physical parameters of sound (maximum and minimum frequency, duration and interval between the notes and the rhythm of emission of the notes). This inter-individual differentiation may be related to sexual selection, in which the song may allow individual recognition, their social position and its performance for attracting females. We found that the vocal activity is more intense between June and November, a period that probably corresponds to the breeding season. We conducted playback tests, which consist of playing a previously recorded sound and record the response triggered in one of the leks in two different sites, simulating the input of another individual. The playback response is significantly different from the spontaneous song in all parameters. The response to the playback shows the songs that a reduction in the frequency range in which the song was issued and the rate of emission of notes faster. These call features can be related to a more aggressive behavior. The leks are formed in edge areas and always near streams, with the size of the area ranging between 86m2 and 1314m2, composed of two to four individuals 7m to 72m away from each other. Our results showed that the social organization of the lek should be better understood by more detailed studies on the possible meaning that individual differences in the songs may represent for the establishment of the hierarchical position of individuals in the leks.

Emma Eriksson and Christina Henriksson: Mirror mirror on the wall: A study on how ballad texts reflect women as carriers of tradition in nineteenth century Sweden, Växjö: Musikvetenskap C, 10 p 2005. The aim of this essay is to analyze relations between ballad texts and the lives of female carriers of tradition in nineteenth century Sweden. Four carriers of tradition have been chosen, connected by being informants to Gunnar Olof Hyltén Cavallius, a collector of medieval ballads in Sweden around 1850. The four women are Anna Ehrenström (1786-1857), Catarina Andersdotter (1792-1857), Johanna Gustafva Angel (1791-1869) och Wendela Hebbe (1808-1899). Their lives are seen from a women’s historical perspective. Although there are uncertainties regarding to what extent the collected repertoire of the four women reflects their repertoire as a whole, some conclusions can be drawn regarding relations between remaining ballads and their lives as women. These relations are traced in textual themes and in textual form (e.g. repetition of words and phrases). The closeness between life situation, and choice and shape of ballad texts, leads us to conclude that these occurrences are due to deliberate choices, and that the ballad text thus mirror the lives of these women.

<p>Emma Eriksson and Christina Henriksson: Mirror mirror on the wall: A study on how ballad texts reflect women as carriers of tradition in nineteenth century Sweden, Växjö: Musikvetenskap C, 10 p 2005.</p><p>The aim of this essay is to analyze relations between ballad texts and the lives of female carriers of tradition in nineteenth century Sweden. Four carriers of tradition have been chosen, connected by being informants to Gunnar Olof Hyltén Cavallius, a collector of medieval ballads in Sweden around 1850. The four women are Anna Ehrenström (1786-1857), Catarina Andersdotter (1792-1857), Johanna Gustafva Angel (1791-1869) och Wendela Hebbe (1808-1899). Their lives are seen from a women’s historical perspective.</p><p>Although there are uncertainties regarding to what extent the collected repertoire of the four women reflects their repertoire as a whole, some conclusions can be drawn regarding relations between remaining ballads and their lives as women. These relations are traced in textual themes and in textual form (e.g. repetition of words and phrases). The closeness between life situation, and choice and shape of ballad texts, leads us to conclude that these occurrences are due to deliberate choices, and that the ballad text thus mirror the lives of these women.</p>