The researcher embarked on this study, as the need was identified to investigate whether girls in primary schools have a realistic body image. The hypothesis was made that pressure from society, the media and parents might have a negative influence on a girl’s body image. The goal of this qualitative study was thus to determine how the primary school girl views her body and the influence this view has on her sense-of-self. It was anticipated that the outcome of the study would equip the researcher and social work colleagues with information that can be used in order to make parents and teachers aware of the pressures children experience and the effect this has on their sense-of-self. The exploratory study endeavoured to answer the following research questions: How does the primary school girl view her body, and how does this influence her sense-of-self? The objectives for this study were the following: <ul> <li>To provide a knowledge base on body image, sense-of-self and the perceptions primary school girls have regarding their bodies, based on a literature review.</li> <li>To use gestalt play therapy techniques to investigate the influence of perceptions regarding body image on the sense-of-self.</li> <li>To investigate primary school girls’ body image by means of an empirical study.</li> <li>To draw conclusions and make recommendations regarding the primary school girl’s perception of body image and the influence thereof on her sense-of-self.</li></ul> The study was feasible and consent was gained from the parents, respondents and organization where the study was done. The researcher studied with a bursary and costs were therefore covered by this. Eight respondents were selected at the researcher’s discretion by using certain criteria for selection. Care was given in selecting respondents who were representative of girls in the middle childhood phase. Five themes emerged from the study, namely sensory awareness, body image, the development of body image, the sense-of-self and the link between the sense-of-self and body image. Sub-themes were also identified from these five themes. Two consecutive play therapy sessions were used as data collection methods. From the empirical findings it is evident that the primary school girl’s perception of body image is largely based on the opinions and feedback from significant others. Self talk and self-statements play an important role in the formation of body image in the primary school girl. The study further indicates that body image has a direct influence on all aspects of the primary school girl’s sense-of-self and that a preoccupation with body size and shape amongst primary school girls is common. All of the respondents had hang-ups with regards to some aspect of their physical bodies, wished that they weighed less and indicated that they would want to change something about their bodies. It thus seems that girls in their middle childhood are particularly vulnerable to having a negative body image. From the research findings several conclusions and recommendations were made such as professionals needing to be aware of the potential negative impact that the media, peers and parents have on a child’s body image and sense-of-self. The recommendation was further made that professionals should encourage teachers, parents and child care workers to realize that in order for a child to develop a healthy sense-of-self and accept the way she looks, she has to receive positive feedback from significant others in her life. This study indicates that the primary school girl’s body image is fragile, and that significant others, the media and peers play an important role in the formation of a positive body image in children. / Dissertation (MSD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Title: Corrected arm hang as a compensatory element in physioterapy Objective: The main objective of this master thesis is to measure and compare the level of engagement of muscles stabilizing the scapula during arm hang and supported exercise. Methods: Our study included nine probands whose measurement results were evaluated quantitatively. The age of probands at the time of measurement was from 18 to 25 years. A condition for inclusion in the investigated group was absence of subjective symptoms, functional impairment, traumatic injury, orthopedic defects or diseases of the upper limb. All probands were active athletes. Biomonitor ME 6000 manufacturer Mega Electronics Ltd. was used for recording the electrical activity of the muscles. The obtained data were processed by the Megawin software. All measurements for the purposes of the study took place in the laboratory of biomechanics FTVS UK. The resulting data were compared intraindividual and interindividual. Results: The results demonstrated that middle and lower portions of m. Trapezius is more active in the corrected arm hang. In contrast, the supported exercise leads to greater activity of m. Serratus anterior and lower activity of upper portion of m. Trapezius. Keywords: arm hang, supported exercise, surface electromyography, stabilization...

This is a chapter of a book that has been published in Persian Language in 2012. Here the physical and static rules of trees are presented and the methods are explained for feeling trees in correct way: balanced trees, low leaning trees, heavy leaning trees, felling of special trees, in steep slopes, releasing hang up trees and using winch.:1. Review of the physical basis of the forces involved in cutting and bucking 1.1. Vector and scalar quantities 1.2. Weight 1.3. Center of gravity 1.4. Fulcrum 1.5. Forces and torque 1.6. Relations between vectors 1.7. Levers 1.7.1. Single and double levers of the first class 1.7.2. Single and double levers of the second class 1.7.3. Single and double levers of the third class 1.8. Efficiency and mechanical advantage 1.9. Work 1.10. Wedge 2. Correct methods in felling trees 2.1. Balanced trees 2.2. Low leaning trees 2.2.1. Felling the low leaning trees in the leaning direction 2.2.2. Felling trees with a low leaning in the side direction of leaning 2.2.3. Felling trees with light leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.3. Trees with heavy leaning 2.3.1. Felling trees with heavy leaning in leaning direction 2.3.2. Felling trees with heavy leaning in side of leaning direction 2.3.3. Felling trees with heavy leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.4. Felling of special trees 2.5. Felling of trees in steep slopes 2.6. Release of hang up trees 2.7. Using winch 2.7.1. Felling of trees in leaning direction using winch 2.7.2. Felling of trees in side of leaning direction using winch 2.7.3. Felling of trees in opposite of leaning direction using winch 2.7.4. Safety measures in use of winch / Es handelt sich um ein Kapitel aus einem Buch, das 2012 im persischer Sprache veröffentlicht wurde. Darin werden die physikalischen und statischen Prinzipien von Bäumen dargestellt und die Methoden erklärt, mit denen Bäume korrekt gefällt werden können: aufrechte Bäume, Bäume mit einem leichten und starken Hang, Spezialfällung, Fällung am Steilhang und von Hängern, Einsatz einer Winde.:1. Review of the physical basis of the forces involved in cutting and bucking 1.1. Vector and scalar quantities 1.2. Weight 1.3. Center of gravity 1.4. Fulcrum 1.5. Forces and torque 1.6. Relations between vectors 1.7. Levers 1.7.1. Single and double levers of the first class 1.7.2. Single and double levers of the second class 1.7.3. Single and double levers of the third class 1.8. Efficiency and mechanical advantage 1.9. Work 1.10. Wedge 2. Correct methods in felling trees 2.1. Balanced trees 2.2. Low leaning trees 2.2.1. Felling the low leaning trees in the leaning direction 2.2.2. Felling trees with a low leaning in the side direction of leaning 2.2.3. Felling trees with light leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.3. Trees with heavy leaning 2.3.1. Felling trees with heavy leaning in leaning direction 2.3.2. Felling trees with heavy leaning in side of leaning direction 2.3.3. Felling trees with heavy leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.4. Felling of special trees 2.5. Felling of trees in steep slopes 2.6. Release of hang up trees 2.7. Using winch 2.7.1. Felling of trees in leaning direction using winch 2.7.2. Felling of trees in side of leaning direction using winch 2.7.3. Felling of trees in opposite of leaning direction using winch 2.7.4. Safety measures in use of winch

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of motor neurons and voluntary muscle degeneration. Astrocytes play a major role in regulation of the disease onset and progression due to their intimate association with neurons. Regulation of ionic homeostasis is one of their key functions and its failure has been linked to several neurological diseases. The aim of this thesis was to explore differences in membrane properties of astrocytes in ALS. To fulfill this aim, a double transgenic mouse strain with ALS-like phenotype and a specific expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in astrocytes was generated. To phenotype this strain, two sensorimotor tests, wire grid hang test and rotarod test, were conducted. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the strain on a cellular level and to explore changes of specific ion channels. Functional properties of astrocytes were explored using the patch clamp technique. The double transgenic strain has the characteristic ALS-like phenotype and is comparable to the original strain with differences in symptom onset and progression between models and sexes. On the cellular level, there are characteristic ALS features, specifically loss of motor neurons and astrogliosis....

Die 20er und 30er Jahre des 18. Jahrhunderts waren für Sachsen und die Republik Beider Nationen eine Periode großer Prosperität. Der 1721 zu Ende gegangene Große Nordische Krieg ermöglichte es, sich auf den Wiederaufbau der Wirtschaft und die Entwicklung der Künste zu konzentrieren. Für das polnisch-litauische Königreich war es auch eine Zeit der Wiedergeburt der so genannten sarmatischen Kultur, der spezifischen Kultur des polnischen Adels, in ihrer reinsten Form und der darauf folgenden geistigen Blüte.1 In dieser Zeit wurden auch die intensivsten Planungsarbeiten sowohl von August dem Starken selbst als auch von einem Kreis seiner Architekten und Ingenieure durchgeführt, die im Königlichen Bauamt in Dresden und Warschau zusammen organisiert waren. Unter all den Gärten, die unter August dem Starken in Polen und Sachsen bis zum Ende seiner Regierung 1733 geplant oder realisiert wurden, befinden sich zwei, deren Charakter jede Vorstellung von den weitläufigen, prächtigen und dauerhaften Gärten des sächsischen Barocks übersteigt. Diese beiden Gartenanlagen wurden im Laufe der Jahre 1730–1732 zum einen in Zeithain an der Elbe und zum anderen zwischen dem „Kaninchenberg“ und den Dorf Czerniaków an der Weichsel bei Warschau geschaffen. Sie wurden nur für den vorübergehenden Gebrauch errichtet und setzten nicht nur diejenigen, die sie persönlich gesehen haben, sondern auch diejenigen, die von ihnen nur gehört oder gelesen hatten in Erstaunen.:Vorwort 1. Zeithainer Landschaft und Lustlager 2. Lustgärten des Lustlagers in Zeithain 3. Temporäre Residenz August des Starken und ihre Relikte 4. Großes Campement in Warschau 5. Ein kleiner Garten voller Pracht 6. Kleine Relikte der großen Revue 1732 an der Weichsel 7. Lustlager und Grosses Campement – Schwanengesang der Visionen August des Starken / Lata 20. i 30. XX wieku były dla Saksonii i Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów okresem wielkiej prosperity. Zakończona w 1721 roku wielka wojna północna pozwoliła skupić się na odbudowie gospodarki i rozwoju sztuki. Dla królestwa polsko-litewskiego był to również czas odrodzenia w najczystszej postaci tzw. kultury sarmackiej, czyli specyficznej kultury polskiej szlachty, oraz idącego za tym rozkwitu intelektualnego. W tym też okresie trwały najintensywniejsze prace planistyczne zarówno samego Augusta Mocnego, jak i kręgu jego architektów i inżynierów, zorganizowanych wspólnie w Królewskim Biurze Budowlanym w Dreźnie i Warszawie. Wśród wszystkich ogrodów zaplanowanych lub zrealizowanych za czasów Augusta Mocnego w Polsce i Saksonii do końca jego panowania w 1733 r. są dwa, których charakter przewyższa wszelkie wyobrażenia o rozległych, wspaniałych i trwałych ogrodach saskiego baroku. Te dwa ogrody powstały w ciągu lat 1730-1732, po pierwsze w Zeithain nad Łabą, a po drugie między 'Króliczą Górą' a wsią Czerniaków nad Wisłą pod Warszawą. Zbudowane tylko dla tymczasowego użytku, zadziwiały nie tylko tych, którzy widzieli je osobiście, ale także tych, którzy tylko o nich słyszeli lub czytali.:Vorwort 1. Zeithainer Landschaft und Lustlager 2. Lustgärten des Lustlagers in Zeithain 3. Temporäre Residenz August des Starken und ihre Relikte 4. Großes Campement in Warschau 5. Ein kleiner Garten voller Pracht 6. Kleine Relikte der großen Revue 1732 an der Weichsel 7. Lustlager und Grosses Campement – Schwanengesang der Visionen August des Starken

張靜. / 論文(博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會學學部, 1995. / 參考文献 : leaves 128-135. / Zhang Jing. / 諭文提要 --- p.1 / 導論：理論及問題 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章： --- 職代會制度背景 --- p.12 / 起源 --- p.12 / 發展 --- p.16 / 小结 --- p.23 / Chapter 第二章： --- 參舆者和组織者 --- p.25 / 參與者 --- p.25 / 組織者 --- p.33 / Chapter (1) --- 代表資格審查 --- p.37 / Chapter (2) --- 提案控制 --- p.40 / Chapter (3) --- 表决控制 --- p.44 / 小结 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三章： --- 企業工會與職代會 --- p.50 / 權力來源 --- p.50 / 財政支持 --- p.53 / 自我角色認同 --- p.56 / 基層信息收集者 --- p.59 / 調和者 --- p.63 / 小結 --- p.66 / Chapter 第四章： --- 動力舆结構 --- p.67 / 群體利益與部門利益 --- p.67 / 消極的组織者 --- p.77 / 責任分擔 --- p.85 / 基層監督 --- p.92 / 小結 --- p.97 / Chapter 第五章： --- 職代會與利益協調 --- p.98 / 利益表達與滿足方式 --- p.98 / 利益衝突與平衡 --- p.106 / 干群矛盾 --- p.114 / 小結 --- p.119 / Chapter 第六章： --- 結論及討論 --- p.121 / 〔參考文獻〕 --- p.128 / 〔園表及附録〕 / 表〔1〕 職代會《條例》修改條文比较（一章）

王氏之學，廣矣，大矣。今所論者，僅就其注經之言，加以考辨，重在明其經學之怕 歸，至其他撰著，則不與也。 王氏注經，太半簡明切要，平易近人，所惜者，好攻鄭氏，「強辯求勝」，如本傳云 ：「肅集聖證論，以譏玄短。」又家語序云：「鄭氏學行五十載矣，自肅成童，始志 於學，而學鄭氏學矣，然尋文責實，考其上下，義理不安，違錯者多，是以奪而易之 。」故後人每有微詞，今撰述其言，采薈眾說，是其是而非其非，苟有一言可述，則 據理申闡，使隱義彰明，苟有一字之失，亦循實責名，使名符其實。 本文之內容： 王氏注經，據史志所載，為數甚繁，惜多已亡佚，今可見諸古籍所引，及各家所輯文 之成帙者，有周易注、尚書注、詩注、三禮注、左氏注、孝經注，論語注等七經，今 依唐陸德明經典釋文之序，列章申疏，亦所以借明經之次第也。 第一章：王肅之周易學。 第二章：王肅之周易學。 第三章：王肅之詩經學。 第四章：王肅之三禮學。 第五章：王肅之春秋左氏學。 第六章：王肅之孝經學。 第七章：王肅之論語學。 此外，前列結論，以為本文之喤引，並述及王肅之生平，家世，交遊及著述，取孟子 「知人論世」之義也。後列結論，作綜合之評述，借窺王氏注經態度及其影響。最後 附錄聖證論。王氏一家之經學，今可見者，庶盡於此矣。

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We used RUSI (rehabilitative ultrasound imaging) for measurement of abdominal and back muscle in different loading modes. Methods: We used diagnostic ultrasonography imaging for taking linear measurement of trunk muscles. We measured anterioposterior (AP) dimensions of lateral abdominal wall muscles- m. OE, m.OI, m.TrA and cross-section area (CSA) of lumbar m. multifidus. We compared two groups of sports-floorball players and sportsman using climbing and hanging (climbers, aerialists). We measured positions with compressive force (kneeling on all four with lifted knees) and with traction load (hang with upper limbs with flexion of lower limbs-with leg support and without). Study is made on 50 volunteers. Results: The pattern of thickness of abdominal muscles is same in all positions in both groups. The lowest is always AP thickness of m. TrA, wider is m. OE and the widest always m. OI. The resting thickness are in both groups almost in all cases the lowest. AP thickness in m. TrA in floorball players is only exception, there is lowest in hang without legs support. In all other case sis resting position always lowest. For m. OE are results same for both climbers and floorball players-the lowest thickness is in hang with legs support (floorball players 0,84 cm, climbers 0,87), greater activationis...