O Porto de Santos está localizado no litoral Paulista, na costa Sudeste do Brasil e é o maior e mais importante porto do país. Desde 1859 vem sofrendo adaptações e modernizações tanto em suas instalações físicas quanto em sua estrutura administrativa. As variáveis com as quais a Engenharia Civil deve lidar podem ser resumidas basicamente aos fenômenos naturais, pois estes determinam como serão projetadas e construídas as estruturas e instalações. Em projetos portuários, diversas características naturais devem ser mensuradas como, por exemplo, ventos, correntes marítimas, incidência de ondas, tipo de solo em que se encontra o porto, as temperaturas médias do local e, sobretudo, o nível do mar. Os mares e oceanos não possuem superfícies estáveis e apresentam cotas que estão em movimentos constantes. Estas variações se dão basicamente por ondas de curto ou longo período. A maré é uma onda de longo período que causa a variação diária do nível do mar. Atualmente é cada vez maior o interesse da comunidade científica pela temática relacionada às variações do nível do mar. Buscando contribuir com o tema, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal a análise das variações do nível do mar no Porto de Santos ao longo dos últimos 60 anos, utilizando-se de dados coletados nos três marégrafos da região. Foi elaborada a média móvel desta série com a finalidade de detectar alguma variação significativa. A análise dos dados implicou que fossem considerados períodos de 18,61 anos, correspondentes ao intervalo do ciclo de precessão lunar, de modo a eliminar o efeito da variação astronômica no nível do mar. A elevação do nível máximo, médio e mínimo do mar no período de 1953 a 2008, apresentou uma elevação média de 2,5 mm/ano, resultado semelhante a outros estudos. Foram avaliados também o impacto da variação do nível do mar sobre as estruturas portuárias, indicando os efeitos da elevação nas estruturas, nos cais, nos aparelhos de defensa e ancoragem, nos equipamentos de descarga e outros. / Santos Harbor is at São Paulo\'s coast, in Brazil\'s southeast coast and it is the biggest and the most important port of the country. Since 1859 had been suffering adaptations and modernizations in its installations such as in its administrative structure. The variables that Civil Engineering has to deal with can be resumed basically to the natural phenomena because its determines how projected and built the structures will be. In docks projects, several natural characteristics must be measured, as example, winds, ocean currents, waves incidence, kind of soil that supports the harbor\'s structures, the local medium temperatures and, mainly the sea level. The seas and oceans doesn\'t have stables surfaces and shows levels that are in constant movements. These variations are products of short and long period waves. The tide is a long period wave that causes the daily sea level variation. Actually, the interest of the scientific community in sea level variation is increasing. Aiming to contribute with this theme, the present study has as main objective analyzing the sea level variations at Santos Harbor above the last 60 years, using data collected from three tidal gauges in the region. It was applied the moving average of the series to detect some significant variation. The data analysis demanded that the periods of 18,61 years, which corresponds to the interval of the moon precession cycles, was considered to purge the astronomic variation over the sea level. The maximum sea level, average and minimum sea level, in the period of 1953 and 2008 showed an average increase of 2.5 mm/year, which is similar to other studies. It was evaluated the impact of this sea level rise over the port\'s structures, showing the structural effects, over the docks; in the defense and anchorage equipment, unload equipment and others.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T17:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_JOYSE DE MESQUITA LINDOSO DE SA.pdf: 4732892 bytes, checksum: af6e0fa61da3ca07d194dc37cd05f9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-28 / The paper presents an assessment of physico-chemical monitoring data made for the waters in f São Marcos Bay, São Luis, Maranhão. Selected six (6) monitoring stations in São Marcos Bay, distributed during rainy and dry seasons and the ebb and flood tides, the year 2008-2013. The monitoring stations were selected to represent the San Marcos Bay, checking for the environmental situation and the effect by human activities in the region. The physical and chemical water quality parameters, pH, salinity, turbidity, transparency, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, sulfide, total lead, dissolved iron, manganese total and total nickel zinc were evaluated based on CONAMA 357/05. The analysis showed that it was a predominance of neutral waters, average pH ranging from 7.6 to 7.9 in the monitoring stations in São Marcos Bay. The average salinity calculated for stations has remained around 25. This rate characterized the environment as to brackish water. During the rainy season (April to July), the concentration of metals that showed violations of legal standards in all monitoring stations, with a higher occurrence near the industrial area. The behavior of these metals is associated with various physical and chemical factors and the various human activities that take place in the region under study. The other parameters the other parameters presented average had means within the limits established for this type of water. For this type of water. Considering the expanded uncertainties of the analytical methods, the parameters analyzed showed considerable probability that showed violations of legal standards in most of the monitoring stations, especially pH and Total Manganese parameter. The nickel total and total zinc parameters legal standards aren t exceeded. It is therefore the monitored environment has changed and is therefore needs to be evaluated more fully in future studies. / O trabalho apresenta uma avaliação dos dados de monitoramento físico-químico feito para as águas da Baía de São Marcos em São Luis, Maranhão. Foram investigados 6 (seis) pontos de monitoramento ao longo da Baía, distribuídos nos períodos de chuva e seca e condições das marés enchente e vazante, do ano 2008 a 2013. Os pontos de monitoramento foram selecionados de forma a representar a área completa da Baía de São Marcos, verificando-se a situação ambiental e o efeito causado pelas atividades antrópicas na região. Parâmetros físico-químicos de qualidade da água, tais como pH, salinidade, turbidez, transparência, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, sulfeto, chumbo total, ferro dissolvido, manganês total, níquel total e zinco total foram avaliados, tomando-se como base a Resolução CONAMA 357/05. A avaliação mostrou que na Baía de São Marcos predominam águas com características neutras, com valor médio de pH variando de 7,6 a 7,9 nos pontos monitorados. A média da salinidade calculada para cada ponto manteve-se em torno de 25, índice que caracterizou o ambiente como constituído por águas salobras. No período chuvoso (abril a julho), os teores dos metais excederam aos valores permitidos em todos os pontos monitorados, observando-se maior ocorrência nos pontos próximos a área industrial. O comportamento desses metais está associado a vários fatores físicos e químicos e às várias atividades antrópicas que acontecem na região em estudo. Os demais parâmetros apresentaram médias dentro dos limites estabelecidos para o tipo de ambiente investigado. Considerando-se as incertezas expandidas dos métodos analíticos, os parâmetros analisados mostraram considerável probabilidade de exceder o limite legal permitido pela legislação na maioria dos pontos monitorados, principalmente os parâmetros pH e manganês total. Para os parâmetros níquel total e zinco total, os valores máximos permitidos não foram excedidos. Verificou-se, assim, que o ambiente monitorado apresenta-se alterado e necessita, portanto, ser mais detalhadamente avaliado em estudos futuros.

För att förbättra säkerhetsarbetet och för att skapa harmonisering inom EU vad gäller skydd av personuppgifter antogs i april år 2016 en ny EU-förordning om dataskydd, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), även benämnd Dataskyddsförordningen. Förordningen börjar gälla som lag i Sverige först den 25 maj år 2018. Införandet av förordningen kommer innebära att Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 95/46/EG av den 24 oktober 1995 om skydd för enskilda personer med avseende på behandling av personuppgifter och om det fria flödet av sådana uppgifter samt Personuppgiftslagen (1998:204) (PUL) upphör att gälla. Det huvudsakliga syftet med Dataskyddsförordningen är att ytterligare harmonisera och effektivisera skyddet av personuppgifter för att förbättra den inre marknadens funktion samt att öka den enskildas kontroll över sina personuppgifter. Dataskyddsförordningen är direkt tillämplig som lag i samtliga medlemsländer och kommer efter ikraftträdande utgöra grunden för generell personuppgiftsbehandling inom hela EU.  Det har under de senaste åren blivit allt mer vanligt att företag, organisationer, kommuner och myndigheter använder sig av molntjänster. Molntjänster är intressanta ur ett juridiskt perspektiv eftersom de mest uppmärksammade juridiska frågeställningarna angående molntjänster är frågor hänförliga till hantering av personuppgifter och säkerhet.   I uppsatsen redogörs för införandet av Dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) utifrån perspektivet företags, organisationer, kommuners och myndigheters användande av molntjänster. I uppsatsen beskrivs även molntjänsters funktioner och egenskaper. Dataskyddsförordningen är nyligen antagen och utgör ännu inte svensk lag, förordningen baseras däremot i stora delar på Dataskyddsdirektivets innehåll och struktur. Dataskyddsdirektivet och PUL studeras därför i uppsatsen för att få en förståelse för bestämmelserna i Dataskyddsförordningen. Molntjänster finns i flera olika tekniska lösningar och är även gränsöverskridande, vilket innebär att användande av molntjänster i vissa fall innebär att personuppgifter överförs till ett tredje land. Uppsatsen behandlar därmed tillämpliga bestämmelser avseende överföringar av personuppgifter till tredje land. Uppsatsen avslutas med en analys och en slutsats. I slutsatsen konstateras att förordningen ger ett förstärkt skydd för den registrerade vid hantering av personuppgifter i molntjänster samt att förordningens utökade territoriella tillämpningsområde innebär att förordningen är bättre anpassad till molntjänstanvändande. Vidare konstateras i slutsatsen att rättsläget för överföringar av personuppgifter till USA med stöd av Privacy Shield-överenskommelsen för närvarande är osäkert.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-210). / by Susan M. Bello. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015 / This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. / Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 183-193). / This thesis is motivated by a series of biological experiments that display the harbor seal's extraordinary ability to track the wake of an object several seconds after it has swum by. They do so despite having auditory and visual cues blocked, pointing to use of their whiskers as sensors of minute water movements. In this work, I elucidate the basic uid mechanisms that seals may employ to accomplish this detection. Key are the unique ow-induced vibration properties resulting from the geometry of the harbor seal whisker, which is undulatory and elliptical in cross-section. First, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) characteristics of the whisker geometry are tested. Direct force measurements and ow visualizations on a rigid whisker model undergoing a range of 1-D imposed oscillations show that the geometry passively reduces VIV (factor of > 10), despite contributions from eective added mass and damping. Next, a biomimetic whisker sensor is designed and fabricated. The rigid whisker model is mounted on a four-armed flexure, allowing it to freely vibrate in both in-line and crossflow directions. Strain gauges on the flexure measure deflections at the base. Finally, this device is tested in a simplified version of the sh wake { seal whisker interaction scenario. The whisker is towed behind an upstream cylinder with larger diameter. Whereas in open water the whisker exhibits very low vibration when its long axis is aligned with the incoming ow, once it enters the wake it oscillates with large amplitude and its frequency coincides with the Strouhal frequency of the upstream cylinder. This makes the detection of an upstream wake as well as an estimation of the size of the wake-generating body possible. A slaloming motion among the wake vortices causes the whisker to oscillate in this manner. The same mechanism has been previously observed in energy-extracting foils and trout actively swimming behind bluff cylinders in a stream. / by Heather Rachel Beem. / Ph.D.

This thesis examines the New York Times' coverage of unique generational influences between Japan and the United States from 1920 through the start of hostilities at Pearl Harbor in December 1941. The purpose of this project was to see if the Times gave Americans an accurate picture of the relationship between the two countries or to determine if there was a lapse in coverage exhibiting negligence on the part of this prominent paper. This thesis concludes that the New York Times was not negligent in its coverage of the issues prior to World War II. However, it was the Times’ inconsistent placement of its news articles about Japan with them never being in the same place in the newspaper and the gaps of time between coverage of specific topics. That meant only those with a vi keen interest in what was happening in Japan and Japan’s attitude toward America would have had the determination and ability to put all the puzzle pieces together from the truck load of material to realize Japan’s increasing irritation with America and its view of an unavoidable war. The warnings were there if you were willing to look for them.

The Baltic Sea is a brackish body of water in the heart of Europe, and within it lives a small whale: the Baltic Sea harbor porpoise. However, this animal is becoming increasingly more endangered. Due to various man-made threats, less than 500 animals remain in the sea. This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this issue with a political approach through discussing how the state of this animal reflects on the European Union. Furthermore, it investigates the European Commission's role and takes a closer look at EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 to detect potential greenwashing. Through the case study of the harbor porpoise, the central conflict between the European Union and the conservationists aiming to save the animal gets illuminated from different perspectives. The analysis makes use of European integration theory as well as a deconstructive approach, through which the study is able to detect that the issue largely stems from the respective member states. Moreover, it finds that the approaches of the European Commission and the conservationist align at the core principles. With the help of an interview conducted with a field expert, these points can be emphasized. Reflecting on the findings it can be concluded that essential regulations are finally being put into place, but there is still a long way to go to save the Baltic Sea harbor porpoise.

No description available.

<p>High density sampling (n=50) was conducted in Cootes Paradise, a shallow wetland on the western shoreline of Lake Ontario near the city of Hamilton. Cootes Paradise is an urban wetland that has been affected by pollutants and nutrients and invasive carp. Thecamoebian analyses paired with site specific environmental measurements (depth, sp. conductivity, temperature, DO and pH) and substrate characteristics (textural and organic content -LOI) show relationships (R² = 0.6) with depth (0-1m) and corresponding sp. conductivity (0.5 to 0.65 mS/cm) and temperature (26.5 to 30.5 °C). Q-mode cluster analysis recognized two biofacies. Biofacies 1 samples (n= 26) are found in the deeper areas (0.70 ± 0.27 m) and dominated by <em>C. tricuspis</em> 36 ± 8% (1 std), <em>L. vas</em> 18 ± 13% and <em>D. protaeiformis “claviformis”</em> 14 ± 6%. Mean water temperature is 28.0 ± 0.6 °C and conductivity at 0.56 ± 0.04 mS/cm. This assemblage has low species diversity (SDI=1.9 ± 0.3) which indicates a transitional environment. Biofacies 2 contains samples (n= 24) which are found in shallower areas (0.38 ± 0.15 m) and the assemblage is characterized by <em>C. constricta “aerophila”</em> 25 ± 8%, <em>C. tricuspis</em> 18 ± 5%, <em>Cyclopyxis sp.</em> 9 ± 6 % and <em>L. vas</em> 9 ± 4 %. The SDI for Biofacies 2 is 2.2 ± 0.2 and like Biofacies 1 shows a transitional environment. The average temperature is and 29.0 ± 1.0 °C with mean sp. conductivity also slightly higher than Biofacies 1 at 0.6 ± 0.04 mS/cm.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

This paper discusses the history and recent developments pertaining to ISPs' liability for copyright infringement in the European Union. Section I. explains ISPs' basic roles on the Internet, discusses practical grounds justifying a special liability regime for ISPs and outlines the EU legal framework providing safe harbor provisions for ISPs' liability and transposition of these rules into the legal system of the Czech Republic. Section II. describes how judicial decisions in the EU Member States eroded safe harbor rules and how these decisions were subsequently overturned by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJ). The section continues with an examination of the latest judgment of the CJ in UPC Telekabel Wien concerning new rules (or lack thereof) for website-blocking injunctions. Section III. discusses notable examples of EU Member states' legislation or legislative proposals which aimed to put a stop to "online piracy" and copyright infringement. Considerable part of this section analyzes the recent controversial system set up by the Italian communications regulator AGCOM. Section IV. describes examples of increasing voluntary collaboration between ISPs and content owners, which has the potential to effectively combat online piracy and benefit all parties involved. Section V. explores...