Syftet med examensarbetet var att översiktligt undersöka vilka hälsofarliga luftföroreningarsom medarbetarna vid hamnmagasinen eventuellt exponeras föroch huruvida något hygieniskt gränsvärde riskerade att överskridas samt att seom de skyddsåtgärder som vidtagits kan förbättras. Resultatet från studien visaratt det finns vissa exponeringsrisker för de som arbetar vid hamnen både frångods, dieselavgaser samt rester av gasbehandlingsmedel i containrar.Arbetsmomenten där truckföraren befinner sig inne i trucken bedöms somrelativt skyddat både från partiklar och gaser, men det finns andra arbetsuppgifterdär arbetaren inte är lika skyddad. Mätningarna av kvävedioxid visadeatt exponeringen av dieselavgaser för den medarbetare som öppnadecontainrarna inte översteg några hygieniska gränsvärden, under de dagar sommätningarna genomfördes, men var något högre än för truckföraren som satt ihytten. Huruvida exponeringen av damm från gods riskerar att utvecklas tillhälsoproblem är omöjligt att avgöra utan en grundlig riskbedömning, därdammätningar kan ge en fingervisning om hur riskfylld situationen är för desom eventuellt exponeras.Organisationen bör implementera säkrare rutiner och genomföra åtgärder sommotiverar medarbetarna att använda befintlig skyddsutrustning. Det gäller intebara för exponering av dieselavgaser och damm från lossning och lastning avgods utan även vid öppnandet av containrar där rester av gasbehandlingsmedelkan finnas kvar i containern och där några ämnen misstänkts varacancerframkallande.Slutsatser: Genomföra en grundlig riskbedömning och kartlägga möjliga hälsoriskerkring luftföroreningar. Upprätta skriftliga arbetsbeskrivningar där eventuella risker föreligger. Installera ventilation i magasinen som styrs av halten kvävedioxid för attsäkerställa att höga halter av dieselavgaser inte uppstår. Behov av motivationshöjande insatser kring säkerhetskultur ochanvändningen av skyddsutrustning. Implementera fungerande rutiner som följer lagstiftningen förhanteringen av damm och gaser som gäller för cancerframkallandeämnen. / The purpose of this thesis was to examine the risk of hazardous air pollutantsthat employees at the harbor may be exposed to and assess whether anyexposure limits might be exceeded, and to review if the security measures taken,can be improved. The results of the study show that there is some risk ofexposure for those working in the harbor from both the cargo, diesel exhaustand residues from fumigants in the containers. The operations when the truckdriver is inside the forklift is considered relatively protected from both particlesand gases, but there are other tasks where the worker is not as protected.Measurements of nitrogen dioxide showed that exposure to diesel exhaust forthe employee who opened the containers during the days that the measurementswere performed did not exceed some critical values, but was slightly higherthan for the driver who was sitting in the forklift. Whether the exposure to dust,from the cargo, constitutes a risk for health effects is impossible to determinewithout a thorough risk assessment, where measurements of dust can give anindication of how risky the situation is for the exposed workers.The organization should implement safer practices and implementing measuresthat motivates employees to use existing protective equipment. This applies notonly for exposure to diesel exhaust and dust from loading and unloading ofgoods, but also at the opening the doors on the containers in which residues offumigants, in which some are suspected to be carcinogenic, can remain in thecontainer.Conclusions: Conduct a thorough risk assessment and identify potential health riskswith air pollution. Establish written work instructions where potential hazards exist. Install ventilation in the warehouses, which is controlled by the levels ofnitrogen dioxide, to ensure that high levels of diesel exhaust does notoccur. Need to increase motivation for safety and the use of protectiveequipment. Implement procedures to comply with the legislation for the managementof dust and gases that applies to carcinogens substances.

No description available.

The beginning of the new millennium finds documentary theatre serving as teacher and “healer” to those suffering and in need. By providing a thought provoking awareness of the “other,” it offers a unique lens with which to examine the socio-political similarities and differences between various cultures and ethnicities in order to promote intercultural understanding. Documentary is also used by teachers, therapists, and researchers as a tool for healing. By sharing personal stories of trauma and illness with others who are experiencing similar difficulties, emotional pains are alleviated and fears are assuaged. Documentary theatre has expanded in definition from the “epic dramas” of German playwrights Erwin Piscator and Bertholt Brecht during the height of the German Weimar Republic to the recent “verbatim” scripts of playwrights such as Anna Deveare Smith, Emily Mann, and Robin Soans. The dramaturgical duties of the playwright along with the participatory role of the audience have grown in complexity. In verbatim documentary the playwright must straddle a fine line between educating and entertaining while remaining faithful to the words of the respondents as well as to the context in which they were received. The audience, by responding to questionnaires and by engaging in talk-back sessions, plays a pivotal role in production. Documentary serves as an important vehicle for informing and inspiring audiences from all walks of life. In 2010, researchers Dr. Patricia Liehr of the Christine E. Lynn School of Nursing at Florida Atlantic University and Dr. Ryutaro Takahashi, Vice Director of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, approached me to create a documentary based on their combined interviews of Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima survivors. The resultant script, With Their Voices Raised, is included as an appendix to this dissertation as an example of the documentary genre and its unique capacity for research dissemination. With Their Voices Raised not only conveys the memories and fears of the survivors, but in its conclusion reveals how these victims of war have elected to live their lives in a quest for peace- choosing “hope over hate” in a shared world / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Em 2009, foi aprovada a Lei da Operação Urbana Consorciada (OUC) Porto Maravilha, tendo como objetivo promover a reestruturação urbana da zona portuária do Rio de Janeiro por meio da ampliação, articulação e requalificação dos seus espaços livres de uso público, com foco na melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus moradores e na sustentabilidade ambiental e socioeconômica da região. Esse objetivo está teoricamente em consonância com os conceitos trazidos pela bibliografia recente acerca do urbanismo sustentável e da qualidade ambiental urbana. Esta dissertação busca apontar os alcances e as limitações dos espaços públicos e da regulação urbanística de uso e ocupação do solo propostos pela OUC Porto Maravilha, sob o ponto de vista da qualidade ambiental urbana, como foco principal nas áreas livres e vegetadas. Além de uma investigação teórica desses aspectos, para efetivação do objetivo proposto, foram realizados o diagnóstico urbano da zona portuária do Rio e o estudo das propostas de projeto e legislação da OUC. Além disso, a pesquisa apresenta algumas experiências de regulamentações urbanísticas de uso e ocupação do solo, com foco na promoção de áreas livres e vegetadas em lotes, aplicadas em outras cidades do mundo. As análises e discussões desenvolvidas demonstram que, no âmbito nacional, a OUC Porto Maravilha apresenta diversas ações inovadoras com impacto positivo na qualidade ambiental urbana. Entretanto, a pesquisa também aponta os desafios e diretrizes que podem servir de referência para a formulação de futuras políticas públicas, tanto para a região objeto de estudo, como para outras localidades. / Porto Maravilha Urban Operation approved in 2009 has as its aim the promotion of the Rio de Janeiro harbor area renewal by expanding, articulating and requalifying its public open spaces, with special focus on the improvement of the resident\'s quality of life and on the sustainability. This objective is theoretically consonant with the concepts brought by recent bibliography on sustainable urbanism and on urban environmental quality. This thesis seeks to point out the scopes and limitations of public spaces and the use and occupancy ordinances proposed by the Porto Maravilha Urban Operation from the point of view of urban environmental quality, with a chief focus on the green and open areas. Besides a theoretical investigation of these aspects, in order to achieve the proposed objectives, this study also presents an urban diagnosis of the harbor area in Rio and an evaluation of the urban planning and legislation proposed for the project. Moreover, this research presents some experiences of urbanistic regulations on the use and occupancy of sites, focusing on promoting open and green spaces, applied in other cities of the world. The evaluations and discussions here developed show that, within the national scope, the Porto Maravilha has several innovative actions with a positive impact on urban environmental quality. However, the research also points to challenges and guidelines for the Project that can be a reference for the development of future public policies in the studied region as well as for other areas.

Em 2009, foi aprovada a Lei da Operação Urbana Consorciada (OUC) Porto Maravilha, tendo como objetivo promover a reestruturação urbana da zona portuária do Rio de Janeiro por meio da ampliação, articulação e requalificação dos seus espaços livres de uso público, com foco na melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus moradores e na sustentabilidade ambiental e socioeconômica da região. Esse objetivo está teoricamente em consonância com os conceitos trazidos pela bibliografia recente acerca do urbanismo sustentável e da qualidade ambiental urbana. Esta dissertação busca apontar os alcances e as limitações dos espaços públicos e da regulação urbanística de uso e ocupação do solo propostos pela OUC Porto Maravilha, sob o ponto de vista da qualidade ambiental urbana, como foco principal nas áreas livres e vegetadas. Além de uma investigação teórica desses aspectos, para efetivação do objetivo proposto, foram realizados o diagnóstico urbano da zona portuária do Rio e o estudo das propostas de projeto e legislação da OUC. Além disso, a pesquisa apresenta algumas experiências de regulamentações urbanísticas de uso e ocupação do solo, com foco na promoção de áreas livres e vegetadas em lotes, aplicadas em outras cidades do mundo. As análises e discussões desenvolvidas demonstram que, no âmbito nacional, a OUC Porto Maravilha apresenta diversas ações inovadoras com impacto positivo na qualidade ambiental urbana. Entretanto, a pesquisa também aponta os desafios e diretrizes que podem servir de referência para a formulação de futuras políticas públicas, tanto para a região objeto de estudo, como para outras localidades. / Porto Maravilha Urban Operation approved in 2009 has as its aim the promotion of the Rio de Janeiro harbor area renewal by expanding, articulating and requalifying its public open spaces, with special focus on the improvement of the resident\'s quality of life and on the sustainability. This objective is theoretically consonant with the concepts brought by recent bibliography on sustainable urbanism and on urban environmental quality. This thesis seeks to point out the scopes and limitations of public spaces and the use and occupancy ordinances proposed by the Porto Maravilha Urban Operation from the point of view of urban environmental quality, with a chief focus on the green and open areas. Besides a theoretical investigation of these aspects, in order to achieve the proposed objectives, this study also presents an urban diagnosis of the harbor area in Rio and an evaluation of the urban planning and legislation proposed for the project. Moreover, this research presents some experiences of urbanistic regulations on the use and occupancy of sites, focusing on promoting open and green spaces, applied in other cities of the world. The evaluations and discussions here developed show that, within the national scope, the Porto Maravilha has several innovative actions with a positive impact on urban environmental quality. However, the research also points to challenges and guidelines for the Project that can be a reference for the development of future public policies in the studied region as well as for other areas.

論文內容著重在以下三個重點: 試驗免責、延展性授權與延展性專利範圍、書面描述要件。首先是35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(1)之Safe Harbor 緣由、案例、Integra v. Merck 一案之過程與後續影響以及271(e)(1)的試驗免責與研究工具的關係, 最後提出建議應限縮試驗免責範圍, 以強制授權或是明定專利法中的試驗免責範圍緩和基礎研究專利範圍過大現象(第二、三章)。 研究工具專利開發者多所採用之延展性授權與延展性專利範圍無非是想多獲得利益, 而研究工具專利對於生物科技發展是相當重要的, 第四章先以四方角色(大藥廠、大學與非營利機構、小藥廠與政府單位)討論研究工具對於本身的利益考量, 並且因試驗免責範圍不明, 延展性授權契約已是普遍存在, 詳細地討論其存在的意義, 並且分析已探討延展性授權金/契約議題文章, 另外對於延展性專利保護範圍, 明確指出哪一些核准專利是延展性保護範圍, 雖然2001年的三方會議已經明確地限制此類專利的核准, 由於Rochester v. G.D. Searle一案, 法院認為Rochester 專利包含延展性保護範圍, 歸因於未揭露出清楚的書面描述要件, 於是進行第五章書面描述要件的討論。 進而較詳細地探討生物機轉的途徑特性、功能性敘述必要性以及書面描述上的困難, 然後進行相關案件探討, 提出自己對於專利文件之書面描述要件的看法, 希望能在生物類研究工具專利保護範圍與書面描述要件中取平衡, 適切地保護研究工具發明。最後並提出總結與建議。 / Over the last twenty years, the biotechnology industry has grown very rapidly, and increased our understanding of incurable diseases. Research tools are playing important role to form the core of the pharmaceutical research, development, and testing. Because this industry is so research tool intensive, numerous problems have arisen stemming from the competing interests of the many players in this field. From the legislative history, the Hatch-Waxman Act embodies the legislative compromise balancing the competing interests of the pioneer pharmaceutical and allied research-based products industries with those of the generic drug industry. And the section 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(1) statute provides a “safe harbor” from patent infringement based on activities that are reasonably related to obtaining FDA regulatory approval of drug products, but the plain language is fairly ambiguous. In Eli Lilly v. Medtronic, Supreme Court held the safe harbor extends to medical devices, despite the fact that § 271(e)(1) does not refer specifically to medical devices. Recently, for the case of Merck v. Integra, Federal Circuit announced that the term “solely” limits the safe harbor exemption from extending beyond uses of patented inventions that are reasonably related to those specified in § 271(e)(1). But Supreme Court rejected and held that § 271(e)(1) applies to uses of patented inventions that are reasonably related to the development and submission of any information to the FDA. The Court was silent on the potential applications and opened the questions of the safe harbor's application to patented research tools. These problems may be the reason that research tool providers attempt to request royalties such as reach-through royalties for covering the downstream compounds or products. They also try to file the patent application with the reach-through claim for claiming a future invention. However, the use of reach-through royalties is still controversial and causing a decrease in innovation. Patentees attempt to obtain reach-through claims for covering a future invention without actually describing in the written description. The Federal Circuit's holding in Rochester v. G.D. Searle that the Rochester's patents failed the written description requirement, and Rochester should curtail the use of reach-through claims. So far the USPTO has not been uniform in its application of written description requirement. We therefore propose a new test to determine whether, and under which circumstances, functional claiming may satisfy the written description requirement. One should not overreach the scope of the inventor’s contribution to the field of art as described in the patent specification. The approach would provide sufficient incentive for pioneering inventions, preserve room for the future, and thus expect to promote progress and to advance the purposes of patent law.

The tragic and devastating September 11 attacks resulted in a variety of original musical responses. Exemplary works expressed their reactions through overt 9/11-concentric dialogues to express themes of mourning, military retribution, dissent and commemoration. An examination of such works concludes that effective musical responses express a direct message clarified by supporting musical and/or textual materials. Musical materials can accentuate the specific thematic message of the responsive work as they often evoke images and emotions reminiscent of the attacks and their aftermath. Compositional techniques used in these works are often reminiscent of historical works written in similar circumstances. The recurrence of these historical approaches illuminates the timeless compositional design of historical examples and exemplifies modern advancements in music composition and production. A comparison between classical and popular post-9/11 musical compositions concludes that certain classical and popular genres deal with responsive themes more effectively than others. A recommendation for further study is enclosed.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-02-24T12:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-02-24T12:12:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-02-24T12:13:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-24T12:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A presente dissertação trata de verificar as interfaces entre projetos políticos e a formação das cidades, com foco na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante as gestões do prefeito Cesar Maia de 2001 a 2004 e de 2005 a 2008. A consolidação do planejamento estratégico como ferramenta de gestão urbana é analisada, com foco nos planos estratégicos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro desenvolvidos ao longo da Era Cesar Maia: Rio Sempre Rio (1995/96) e As Cidades da Cidade (2004). A cidade de Bilbao, cuja recuperação é identificada com a implantação de uma filial do Museu Guggenheim, é estudada, revelando caminhos que outras cidades ao redor do mundo buscaram seguir. Finalmente, são analisados o contexto político e as implicações dos projetos para o Museu Guggenheim, no Porto, e para a Cidade da Música, na Barra da Tijuca, ambos no Rio de Janeiro. Estes casos foram selecionados por tratarem-se de projetos icônicos, que viriam a ser a representação construída da figura política que os orquestrou e que, cada qual à sua maneira, não tiveram o desfecho planejado. / This work presents an analysis of the interfaces between political projects and the forming of cities, focusing on the city of Rio de Janeiro during two of the periods in which Cesar Maia responded as mayor – 2001 to 2004 and 2005 to 2008. The consolidation of strategic planning as a tool for urban management is analysed, focusing on the strategic plans for the city of Rio de Janeiro developed during the Cesar Maia Era: Rio Sempre Rio (1995/96) and As Cidades da Cidade (2004). The city of Bilbao, which’s recuperation is identified with the building of a Guggenheim Museum, is also studied, revealing paths which other cities around the world tried to pursuit. Finally, the political context and the implications of the projects for the Guggenheim Museum, in the Harbor, and the ‘Cidade da Música’, in Barra da Tijuca, both in Rio de Janeiro. These cases have been selected for their iconic character, which was meant to be the built representation of the political figure who orchestrated the projects and which, each in its own way, didn’t have the expected closures.

À côté de la jeune histoire de l’archéologie sous-marine égyptienne qui est retracée dans ce travail, les expériences similaires dans le monde méditerranéen sont beaucoup plus anciennes. Elles remontent au XVe siècle avec la découverte d’une épave du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. dans le lac Nemi, puis à la récupération d'une partie de la cargaison de l'épave antique d'Anticythère en 1901 grâce aux pêcheurs d'éponges grecs, ainsi qu’à la découverte en 1907 de l'épave romaine de Mahdia en Tunisie. Elles constituent des événements marquants dans le domaine de l'archéologie sous-marine. Mais l’archéologie sous-marine s’est développée de manière spectaculaire avec l’invention du scaphandre autonome par les français Jacques-Yves Cousteau et l’ingénieur Émile Gagnan. Cette invention provoqua une véritable révolution dans le domaine des activités sous-marines en 1942-1943. Ensuite les découvertes se succédèrent dans le bassin méditerranéen pendant plus d’un demi-siècle et de nombreux pays à travers le monde décidèrent de la mise en place de service archéologique spécialement dédié aux activités subaquatiques et sous-marines.Cette thèse porte sur une politique de gestion des vestiges immergés en Egypte, à la lumière des autres expériences en Méditerranée, afin d’attirer l'attention sur la richesse du patrimoine subaquatique égyptien à travers une étude dans le détail et dans son ensemble de l’action du Conseil suprême des Antiquités de l’Égypte et des diverses missions étrangères travaillant en Egypte. Elle propose une politique de protection efficace du patrimoine culturel subaquatique en Egypte, et des suggestions de développement du tourisme archéologique sous-marin et subaquatique, pour transformer ces richesses englouties en vecteur économique, tout en assurant leur protection adéquate par une législation spécifique qui n’existe pas encore en Egypte. / Beside this short history of underwater archeology in Egypt which is described in this work, similar experiences in the Mediterranean are much older, they go back to the fifteenth century with the discovery of a wreck from the first century AD, in Lake Nemi, later, the recovery of some objects from the ancient wreck of Anticythère in 1901 by the Greek fishermen of sponge, and the discovery in 1907 of the Roman wreck of Mahdia in Tunisia, are remarkable in the field of underwater archeology. But the underwater archeology has developed with the invention of the aqualung by the French Jacques-Yves Cousteau and the engineer Emile Gagnan. This invention caused a revolution in the field of underwater activities in 1942-1943. Then the underwater discoveries in the Mediterranean were succeeded and increased for more than a half century, and many countries around the world decided the establishment of an archaeological service specifically dedicated to underwater activities. This study focusses on management policy of underwater archaeology in Egypt, in the light of other experiences in the Mediterranean, in order to draw attention to the importance of the Egyptian underwater archaeology through a study in details of the activities of the Supreme council of Antiquities in Egypt and of the different foreign missions working in Egypt and to propose an effective protection policy of underwater cultural heritage in Egypt, also to develop the tourism of underwater archaeology, and to transform these vestiges in an economic vector, while ensuring an adequate protection by specific legislation that does not exist yet in Egypt.

Muscle samples from 105 marine mammals stranded along the Oregon-Washington coasts (2002-2009) were tested for levels of total mercury by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. The total mercury present is predominantly in the form of highly toxic methylmercury. After normalizing muscle tissue to 75% water weight, due to variance in water content, Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) exhibited the highest mean concentrations of total mercury followed by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus); 0.34 ± 0.278, 0.34 ± 0.485, 0.21 ± 0.216, 0.17 ± 0.169 and 0.15 ± 0.126 mg/kg normalized weight, respectively. Mean normalized values demonstrated limited muscle methylmercury accumulation in these species in the Pacific Northwest. Normalizing muscle mercury concentrations eliminated variability from desiccation, and allowed for a clearer indication of the amount of mercury the animal accumulated before stranding. However, actual wet weight concentrations in some of the stranded carcasses were high enough to pose a risk to scavengers.