Tyrimo tikslai - įvertinti psichosocialinių stresorių išreikštumą darbuotojų grupėse atsižvelgiant į sociademografinius rodiklius ir nustatyti psichosocialinių stresorių darbe ir psichologinio atsparumo ryšį su darbuotojų sveikatai palankiu elgesiu. Tyrimo metodas - anketinė apklausa. Darbuotojų psichosocialiniams stresoriams nustatyti naudotas ilgasis COPSOQ II (2004-2005) klausimynas. Nustatant darbuotojų psichologinį atsparumą, panaudota dispozicinio psichologinio atsparumo skalė (angl. Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS15-R, Bartone, 2007). Tyrime dalyvavo 151 biuro darbuotojai, kurių amžius yra nuo 23 iki 55 metų. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog darbuotojų psichosocialinių stresorių vertinimas skiriasi skirtingose socialinėse demografinėse grupėse: darbuotojai vyrai labiau nei moterys linkę teigti, kad darbe turi dirbti dideliu tempu; vyresni darbuotojai labiau nei jaunesni patiria nesaugumo jausmą dėl darbo vietos, jaučia didesnį darbo-šeimos disbalansą ir konfliktą. Kuo labiau darbuotojai subjektyviai vertina, kad darbo vietoje patiria didelį darbo krūvį, jų darbas reikalauja daug kognityvinių resursų, kuo labiau jie linkę manyti, kad turi slėpti savo emocijas darbo vietoje ir patiria didesni darbo-šeimos vaidmenų pusiausvyros konfliktą, mažiau jaučia savo įtaką darbo vietoje, mažesnes vystymosi galimybes, turi mažesnį darbo prasmės pojūtį, mažiau jaučiasi patenkinti savo atlygiu už darbą, mažiau aiškiai suvokia savo vaidmenį organizacijoje, prasčiau vertina... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aims of the study were to assess the severity of psychosocial stressors employee groups according to sociodemographic indicators and to assess the relationship of psychosocial stressors at work employees‘ hardiness and health-promoting behaviour. Methodological instrument – questionnaire. It was used The Copenhagen Psychosocial questionnaire COPSOQ II (2004-2005) to determine psychosocial stressors of employees. It was used Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS15-R, Bartone, 2007 to determine psychological resistance of employees. The subjects of the study were 151 of different gender, educational level, age (from 23 to 55), length. The research results have shown that psychosocial stressors of employees is differ in different social demographic groups: man employees are more as women employees tend to suggest an opinion that the rate of work is high: older employees more as young suffer insecurity about working place, feel bigger work-family imbalance and conflict. The more subjective the employees that work at a significant workload, they require a great deal of cognitive resources, the more they tend to believe that they have to hide their emotions in the workplace and are more work-family conflict, less feel their influence in the workplace, lower development opportunities, have lower sense of the meaning of work, the less feel satisfied with their rewards for the work, less understand their role clarity in the organization, value worse the quality of leadership, feel... [to full text]

The Health Promoting School (HPS) is s a model that advances both the health and learning needs of students. Yet there is a lack of consensus on student indicators that reflect a HPS or a coherent understanding of what a HPS represents amongst various stakeholders. The goal of this research was to establish indicators of student health and wellbeing associated with policies and practices in schools, and to further our understanding of health promoting schools. The research proceeded in three phases. The first phase established a relationship between student health and academic achievement. The second phase examined the associations amongst student health and wellbeing and student and school-level factors. The third phase involved case studies of two schools in Ontario to examine the organisational and structural elements associated with achieving a HPS, and the mechanisms by which these elements support student health and wellbeing. The association between students’ self-rated health and their academic achievement found in the first phase provides a platform for advancing the health promoting school agenda in Canada at the research and policy levels. Subsequent findings established an association between the environment and disciplinary climate in schools, and the school’s academic and socioeconomic standing to student health and wellbeing outcomes. These findings also suggest overlapping effects of schools and neighbourhoods on students’ health and wellbeing, implying that school health promoting efforts will be more successful when partnered with efforts within neighbourhoods and communities. Finally, the case studies suggest that embracing a HPS philosophy that addresses students’ emotional and physical wellbeing may help support students’ overall learning. Findings, presented in an implementation model of a HPS, emphasise key action areas that need to be addressed when implementing HPS initiatives and enhancing the capability of the education system to improve the health and learning of students. / Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2009-10-05 13:45:06.342

An individual’s personality traits and characteristics have been found to have an important relationship with health behaviors. However, there has been minimal research conducted with personality types. The purpose of the study was to examine the predictive relationship among MBTI® personality preferences and types and both selected health-promoting and selected risk-taking behaviors among residential college students. Furthermore, several potential mediating demographic variables were added to the study to determine their predictive relationship and if they should be entered into a model for the selected health behaviors. The study used a cross-sectional design with two self-report instruments and demographic questionnaire. The two self-report instruments were the MBTI® and the HPLP II. A systematic random sample was employed to obtain the sample of full-time residential college students. A total of 406 subjects voluntarily completed the instruments. The subjects ranged in age from 18 to 28 with 98.3% reporting traditional college age. Descriptive and inferential statistics with an alpha level of .05 were used for data analysis. The results revealed that models incorporating MBTI® personality preferences and types had a significant predictive relationship with nutrition, interpersonal relations, spiritual growth, physical activity, aggregate health-promoting lifestyle, alcohol use, binge drinking, and heavy drinking. However, the variance explained by the models for each behavior was consistently low with the one exception of interpersonal relations. Health-responsibility, stress management, and cigarette smoking could not be predicted by models integrating MBTI® personality preferences and types. Nonetheless, specific personality preferences and types did have a significant relationship with health-responsibility, stress management, and cigarette smoking. In conclusion, MBTI® personality preferences and types provided valuable insight into explaining several of the selected health behaviors. The results revealed personality preferences and type can be useful in health research. Given the popularity of the MBTI®, future research incorporating the MBTI® and various health behaviors may offer valuable information used by health professionals and counselors to modify health behaviors.

WHO rekommenderar hälso- och sjukvården att bli mer hälsofrämjande. Däremot visar forskning att hälso- och sjukvården inte lever upp till denna rekommendation. Landstinget Västmanland har dock gjort en satsning på det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Fyra hälsocenter har etablerats i länet till följd av detta. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur personalen vid dessa hälsocenter upplevde sina förutsättningar att jobba hälsofrämjande med kost- och motionsvanor. Metoden som användes för att besvara syftet var kvalitativ. Datainsamlingen skedde genom att sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Fem hälsovägledare och en person med övergripande ansvar för hälsocenterverksamheten intervjuades. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en induktiv och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att hälsocenters arbete följer de grundprinciper som tagits fram för hälsofrämjande arbete. Stöd i organisationen och den egna kompetensen var faktorer som underlättade arbetet, medan bristfälliga lokaler och samverkansproblem till exempel var faktorer som upplevdes hindra arbetet. Slutsatserna som presenterats utifrån uppsatsens resultat var att delar av hälsocenters arbete fungerade bra men att det fanns vissa förbättringsmöjligheter. Till följd av att hälsocenters arbete bedömdes ligga i linje med grundprinciperna för hälsofrämjande arbete drogs även slutsatsen att verksamheten kan vara ett gott exempel för andra vårdorganisationer som önskar arbeta hälsofrämjande. / WHO recommend health services to become more health promoting. Yet, research indicates that health services don’t fulfill these recommendations. The county Landstinget Västmanland however, has made a commitment to work health promoting. Due to this commitment four Health facilities has been established in the county. The aim of this study was to investigate how the staff at these health facilities experienced their premises to work health promoting with diet- and physical activity habits. A qualitative method was used to answer this. Six semistructured interviews was performed to collect data. Five health counselors and one person with administrative responsibility for the health facilities was interviewed. An inductive and manifest qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The result indicated that the health facilities was working health promoting according to the fundamental principles for health promotion. The result also showed that a supportive organization and the individual competence was two factors among others that made the work easier. Inadequate facilities and collaboration issues for example was on the other hand factors that the respondents felt complicated their work. The conclusions drawn from the result is that parts of the health facilities, health promotion work is working well, but that there is room for improvements. Also the conclusion that the health facilities can set an example for other health services that wishes to become more health promoting was drawn.

WHO rekommenderar hälso- och sjukvården att bli mer hälsofrämjande. Däremot visar forskning att hälso- och sjukvården inte lever upp till denna rekommendation. Landstinget Västmanland har dock gjort en satsning på det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Fyra hälsocenter har etablerats i länet till följd av detta. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur personalen vid dessa hälsocenter upplevde sina förutsättningar att jobba hälsofrämjande med kost- och motionsvanor. Metoden som användes för att besvara syftet var kvalitativ. Datainsamlingen skedde genom att sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Fem hälsovägledare och en person med övergripande ansvar för hälsocenterverksamheten intervjuades. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en induktiv och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att hälsocenters arbete följer de grundprinciper som tagits fram för hälsofrämjande arbete. Stöd i organisationen och den egna kompetensen var faktorer som underlättade arbetet, medan bristfälliga lokaler och samverkansproblem till exempel var faktorer som upplevdes hindra arbetet. Slutsatserna som presenterats utifrån uppsatsens resultat var att delar av hälsocenters arbete fungerade bra men att det fanns vissa förbättringsmöjligheter. Till följd av att hälsocenters arbete bedömdes ligga i linje med grundprinciperna för hälsofrämjande arbete drogs även slutsatsen att verksamheten kan vara ett gott exempel för andra vårdorganisationer som önskar arbeta hälsofrämjande. / WHO recommend health services to become more health promoting. Yet, research indicates that health services don’t fulfill these recommendations. The county Landstinget Västmanland however, has made a commitment to work health promoting. Due to this commitment four Health facilities has been established in the county. The aim of this study was to investigate how the staff at these health facilities experienced their premises to work health promoting with diet- and physical activity habits. A qualitative method was used to answer this. Six semistructured interviews was performed to collect data. Five health counselors and one person with administrative responsibility for the health facilities was interviewed. An inductive and manifest qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The result indicated that the health facilities was working health promoting according to the fundamental principles for health promotion. The result also showed that a supportive organization and the individual competence was two factors among others that made the work easier. Inadequate facilities and collaboration issues for example was on the other hand factors that the respondents felt complicated their work. The conclusions drawn from the result is that parts of the health facilities, health promotion work is working well, but that there is room for improvements. Also the conclusion that the health facilities can set an example for other health services that wishes to become more health promoting was drawn.

Att öka möjligheterna för unga att leva ett hälsosamt liv framstår som allt angelägnare både ur ett individuellt och ur ett samhälleligt perspektiv. Skolan är därför en utmärkt arena för ett hälsofrämjande arbete. WHO:s konferenser i Ottawa 1986 och i Sundsvall 1991 betonade behovet av en perspektivförskjutning inom folkhälsoarbetet från att förebygga ohälsa till att främja hälsa. WHO tog också initiativ till flera internationella nätverk. ”Health promoting school” är ett sådant som handlar om att skapa en kontinuerlig process där hela skolans vardag utvecklas som en stödjande och främjande fysisk och psykosocial miljö för hälsa, välbefinnande och lärande samt att stärka hälsoundervisningen. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att kartlägga och beskriva samband mellan några hälso- respektive riskvariabler för att testa en hypotes om skolan som en hälsofrämjande arena. Hypotesen formulerades enligt följande:-Skolor med en hög andel elever med hälsofrämjande upplevelser har en låg andel elever med riskbeteenden och vice versa. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av befintliga data från två enkätundersökningar, ”Hälsoenkäten” och den mer riskrelaterade ”CAN-enkäten”. De båda enkätundersökningarna var totalundersökningar riktade till år 9 elever i Gävleborgs län. Undersökningarna genomfördes vid skilda men nära tidpunkter under våren 2002. Fem frågeställningar valdes ur respektive enkät. Elevernas egna utsagor på dessa frågeställningar utgör materialet till denna studie. Analysen genomfördes i två steg. I steg ett studerades om det förelåg något samband på skolnivå och i steg två studerades samband på individnivå. Resultatet visade inga samband mellan hälsofrämjande upplevelser och riskbeteenden. Den formulerade forskningshypotesen förkastas alltså. I litteraturen finns flera studier som styrker resultatet i denna studie samtidigt som litteraturen också fortsatt visar på vikten av hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan. I framtiden bör begreppet ”Hälsofrämjande skola” förtydligas, en tydlig organisation skapas, tydliga strategier utarbetas och ges ett ledningsansvar. / It is increasingly stressed as more important to increase the possibility for young people to live a healthy life, both through an individual as well as a community perspective. The school is therefore a perfect health promoting setting. WHO:s conferences in Ottawa, 1986 and Sundsvall, 1997 both stressed the need to shift perspective from prevention to promotion. WHO also took initiative to set up several international networks. “Health promoting school” was one example involving creating a supportive and health promoting physical, mental and social environment for health, wellbeing and learning as well as strengthening the health education. The aim of this study was to survey and describe the connection between some health- and risk related variables to test a hypothesis about the school as a health promoting setting. The hypothesis was formulated: -schools with a high percentage of students with health-related experiences has a low percentage of students with risk behaviours and vice versa. Available data from two different questionnaires were used, the “Health questionnaire” and the more risk-related “CAN questionnaire”. The two questionnaires were both conducted among all students within the ninth school year in the county of Gävleborg. They were administrated as separate but adjacent studies during the spring term of 2002. Five questions were chosen from each questionnaire. Responses from the students consists the material used in this study. The analyses were made in two steps. Initially, school level connections were studied, later individual level connections. The result did not find any connections between more health related and risk related variables. The formulated hypothesis is therefore rejected. There are several studies in the literature supporting the findings in this study. At the same time there is continuing or increasing support for the idea of a health promoting school. In the future the concept “Health promoting school” needs to be clarified as well as strategies, organisation and leadership. / <p>ISBN 91-7997-125-3</p>

Sexuality education has been introduced into the South African syllabus, on a very elementary level, in the Life Orientation learning area of Outcomes- Based Education widely known as Curriculum 2005. Unfortunately outcomes based education ends in Grade 9, leaving learners from Grade 10 -12 with the old syllabus that includes academic subjects only. Very few schools follow a sexuality education programme in Grades 10 - 12 on their own initiative, because it is not compulsory in these grades. The Health Promoting Schools' policies do not include a comprehensive sexuality education programme outline as yet, but when the life-skills approach that is taught in Life Orientation is considered, many similarities in these approaches are identified. Therefore, sexuality education should not be purely factual, but should be taught in conjunction with important life-skills. The two skills investigated in this study are the ability for adolescents to identify and avoid risk behaviour and to be able to make more responsible decisions. Two schools in the Bronkhorstspruit area were identified to take part in this project. School A has implemented a comprehensive sexuality education programme for all its learners and School B has not. The results of the data collected from the questionnaire completed by 100 respondents from the two schools indicated that those from School A had a significantly higher level of knowledge regarding sexuality and appeared to have far better life-skills than the respondents from School B. There was, however, no indication that that this knowledge affected their behaviour in any way. This doesn't mean, though, that the programme has been unsuccessful because the programme doesn't only teach abstinence, but also various methods of precaution. The long-term effect of comprehensive sexuality education has not yet been established because there are so few schools implementing it the way it should be and it is currently not implemented at a young enough age. Unhealthy behaviour patterns, reinforced by years of traditions and taboos, as well as the contradicting information given through the media, cannot be changed overnight. The process of intensive comprehensive sexuality education has only started in South Africa and, with time, a change in the behaviour patterns of adolescents and adults is anticipated. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

This study was undertaken in five (5) farm schools in the Maquassi Hills Area Project Office (APO) with the intention to assess whether the School Management Teams (SMT's) are given necessary guidance to deal with health and well-being of schools. The Constitution of South Africa stipulates that human values (dignity, freedom and equality) form the most important challenges that condone and maintain that a safe and discipline environment should be created for effective teaching and learning. Focus group interviews were conducted to gather information which was relevant to the study. The findings show that SMT's of farm schools have problems with the managerial tasks as well as the functional tasks of schools' daily activities. The researcher infers that both the landowners and the DoE must ensure that electricity and water is provided where contractual agreements exist, as power affects the usage of visual aids and administering school businesses. The Department of Education (DoE) has no legal structure within which farm schools should operate to guarantee equal educational opportunities, and create a positive disciplined schools where learners and educators not only know what is expected, but feel secure. The officials who are responsible for the dispatch of learning support materials (LSM) hold the SMT's back in assigning duties to the educators because of lack of LSM. The study shows that the official seem to be ignorant of basic education to farm school learners, and how the DoE manages farm schools, reflects how it still clanged to the red-tape of funding farm schools. Other essentials like water and phones are not given attention to communicate problems that need immediate attention like illness, danger or accident. Learners still have to travel long distances which is a safety thread. The researcher eludes that it is in the interest of the landowners and the DoE that the conditions that prevail on farm schools should not impede with the work of the SMT's. The landowners and the DoE should come to a consensus in making the school environment for SMT's inviting. The DoE through school-based support teams from Area Project Office (APO) should support SMT's and guide them in managerial tasks. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Increasingly adolescents are making unhealthy choices concerning their lifestyle. Behaviour patterns develop which are often carried into adulthood and become an established lifestyle pattern. Examples of these are the abuse of drugs, smoking, alcohol, irresponsible and hazardous sexual behaviour and so forth. It is also reported that young people increasingly contemplate and attempt suicide. It is important to find the reasons for such behaviours. During the last century, spirituality was not regarded as being important in the everyday lives of people. There are however many voices today calling for a reintegration of spirituality into education, health and various other areas of life. The movement of Health Promoting Schools could serve as a basis for reintegrating spirituality into the curriculum. Spirituality can be described as providing primarily meaning, relationship with God and people, a feeling of transcendence and the acquisition of values. These facets of life, neglected and considered unscientific in the positivistic modem era, are now seen as necessary within our post-modem society. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between the lifestyle choices adolescents make and their spiritual well-being. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were used to investigate the above mentioned correlation. Quantitative results indicated a significant positive correlation between measures of spiritual well-being and risk behaviours. The qualitative analysis indicated that adolescents believe that spiritual values are important when considering meaning in life as well as lifestyle choices. It was concluded that the construct spirituality remains salient in the lives of most adolescents. A possible rationale for integrating spirituality into the practice of Health Promoting Schools was proposed. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Using a basic interpretive qualitative research design, this study explores adult musicians’ reflections of participation in wind band as a health promoting activity. Five male participants between the ages of 58 and 76 participated in semi-structured interviews and provided basic demographic information. Data were analyzed thematically and findings represented evocatively. Elements of a wind ensemble were used as a metaphor to provide a rich way of presenting the data as fundamentally tied to the specific act of making music in a wind ensemble. The three main components of the metaphor and the main themes they present are: Instrumentation: Defining Roles (Purpose), Sound: Making Meaning (Physical and Emotional Well-being), and Performance: Extending Self (Challenge, Accomplishment and Connection). The current findings contribute to furthering knowledge and research in the area of music making and health, especially wind ensemble playing participation and healthy aging. Implications for both practice and future research are identified.