The purpose of this study was to examine the intersection of preservice teachers' personal identities as queer individuals with their emerging professional identities as educators. Political and social environments contribute to a separation of these identities, which can further the marginalization of these individuals to the detriment of both their identities as people as well as their professional practice. Guided by a theoretical framework of figured worlds, interviews with students in teacher education programs that identify as queer explore the ways in which unique confluences of contextualizing factors play a role in the lived experiences of these individuals. The study additionally examined the nature of teacher education programs as experienced by these participants in order to discuss the ways in which these programs serve to challenge or reinforce the heteronormativity pervasive in educational spaces.

It is certainly important for the Swedish school to prepare students for the adult world. It iscertainty a priority according to our curriculum, once students graduate, they should behaving democratic principles which includes an understanding and respecting all humankind, regardless of ethnicity, religion, and sexuality. For this to be achieved, the Swedish teachingin schools must incorporate teaching contents which allows students to understand socialstructures and norms that underlies in society that causes inequality. Such contents should bemore about racism, sexism and for this research primarily focus, homophobia. Often within subjects, LGBT+ has been invisible in Swedish teaching which causes students to be rather ignorant to their surroundings. Therefore, it is crucial and necessary to teach especially in the subject history for upper secondary schools. Hence, the fact that history contributes to shaping students’ identity. Thus, this research investigates how history teachers includes the LGBTQ+ in their history teaching. It is also in this study’s interest to analyze how heteronormativity underlies in teachers teaching ability in relation to history teaching. To research this matter, the method for this study is a qualitive method which has collected data in form of interviews from seven different teachers and different schools. The chosen theory was queer theory as the study primarily focuses on how sexuality is conceptualized and understood by teachers aswell as their reflection on heteronormativity. The result of the findings was that none of the teachers had taught about LGBTQ+ in history but simultaneously showed a great amount of interest in doing so near the future. However, the teachers expressed some uncertainty in how LGBTQ+ could be taught in a more practical sense. According to the teachers, this uncertainty that was an obstacle they needed to overcome, had many factors. Among the factors were that the teachers were uneducated in the history of LGBTQ+, time seemed to be against them and there are no proper teaching materials which the teachers can confine in. This gap has also caused teachers to be unprepared for conflicts in the classroom related toLGBTIQ+-questions. This finding shows that both the academic world along with the teaching programs must educate teacher students about such important matters for them to be prepared once their careers begin.

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[pt] As relações de gênero e sexualidades emergem no contexto escolar constantemente, nos corpos das estudantes e docentes, em diálogos tecidos dentro e fora das salas de aulas. Potencializadas por percepções envoltas a preconceitos e discriminações, as identidades de gênero e as sexualidades, habitam os espaços escolares entre tensões e resistências, buscando construir experiências em meio as regulações heteronormativas. Com objetivo de investigar as relações de gênero e as sexualidades na escola, realizamos uma pesquisa que partia do questionamento: Como as identidades de gênero e as sexualidades são compreendidas numa escola com alto nível índice de intolerância à diversidade de gênero e sexual e numa escola com baixo índice de intolerância por parte das estudantes? Para isso realizamos entrevistas com docentes de duas escolas públicas municipais, selecionadas partir de uma pesquisa mais ampla em que utilizamos questionários com estudantes do sétimo ano do ensino fundamental, em dez escolas municipais localizadas na zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, pretendíamos a partir do contato com as estudantes e docentes, entender como as identidades de gênero e as sexualidades são percebidas no cotidiano escolar. Partindo do referencial teórico de Michel Foucault, Joan Scott e Judith Butler sobre os gêneros e as sexualidades, construímos nosso olhar analítico problematizando as convergências e distanciamentos presentes nas entrevistas e questionários. Com isso, chegamos algumas considerações: (1) há diferenças nas formas como meninas e meninos percebem as diversidade sexual e os gêneros; (2) as meninas tendem a uma visão mais tolerante quanto aos gêneros e as sexualidades; (3) os meninos apresentam uma percepção mais preconceituosa e aceitando os estereótipos de gênero heteronormativos e a reprodução da lgbtfobia; (4) existem espaços para a problematização dos estereótipos de gênero e das sexualidades na ótica docente; (5) encontramos professoras e professores que conduzem discussões sobre os gêneros e as sexualidades nas escolas e que afirmam a importância destas temáticas para o currículo escolar. / [en] Gender relations and sexualities emerge in the school context constantly, in the bodies of students and teachers, in dialogues woven inside and outside the classrooms. Empowered by perceptions involving prejudices and discriminations, gender identities and sexualities, they inhabit the school spaces between tensions and resistances, seeking to build experiences in the midst of heteronormative regulations. In order to investigate gender relations and sexualities in school, we carried out a research based on the question: How are gender identities and sexualities understood in a school with a high level of intolerance to gender and sexual diversity and in a school with low rate of intolerance on the part of the students? To do this we conducted interviews with teachers from two municipal public schools, selected from a broader survey, where we used questionnaires with seventh-year primary school students in ten municipal schools located in the southern zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, we intended from the contact with students and teachers, understand how gender identities and sexualities are perceived in school everyday. Starting from the theoretical reference of Michel Foucault, Joan Scott and Judith Butler on genres and sexualities, we construct our analytical gaze by problematizing the convergences and distances present in interviews and questionnaires. With this, we come to some final considerations: (1) there are differences in the way girls and boys perceive sexual diversity and gender; (2) girls tend to have a more tolerant view of gender and sexuality; (3) boys present a more prejudiced perception and accept heteronormative gender stereotypes and reproduction of lgbtfobia; (4) there are spaces for problematization of gender stereotypes and sexualities in the teaching perspective; (5) we find teachers who conduct discussions about gender and sexuality in schools and affirm the importance of these themes for the school curriculum.

As a result of society's heteronorm many homosexuals do not want to be open with their sexual orientation in the workplace. Healthcare in Sweden has been criticized as there is a general assumption among healthcare professionals that patients are heterosexual. As a result, homosexual patients have received inadequate treatment from healthcare staff. The purpose of the study is to research homosexual healthcare staff's perceptions of the organization's impact on inclusion based on sexual orientation. The purpose is also to study the healthcare staff's perception of being open with their sexual orientation towards work colleagues. How workplace norms affect the openness of homosexual healthcare staff regarding their sexual orientation to colleagues in the workplace is also researched. With the help of qualitative interviews with homosexual care staff, the purpose of the study can be answered. The heteronorm is not a new phenomenon and it still affects society today. However, society is not as heteronormative as before. Even though change has taken place, not all organizations work actively with inclusion based on sexual orientation in the workplace. Working with inclusion can be considered important as previous research shows that many homosexuals do not dare to be open with their sexual orientation in the workplace. The results of the study show that homosexual healthcare staff have different perceptions about being open with their sexual orientation towards work colleagues. There are occasions where the healthcare staff have experienced negative attitudes among colleagues towards homosexuality. But for the most part the healthcare staff have a positive perception of being open with their sexual orientation to work colleagues. / Samhällets heteronorm leder till att många homosexuella personer inte vågar vara öppna med sin sexuella läggning på arbetsplatsen. Sjukvården i Sverige har fått kritik då det finns ett generellt antagande hos vårdpersonal att patienter är heterosexuella. Till följd av det har homosexuella patienter fått ett bristande bemötande av vårdpersonal. Studiens syfte är att studera homosexuell vårdpersonals uppfattning av organisationens inverkan på inkludering utifrån sexuell läggning. Syftet är även att studera vårdpersonals uppfattning om att vara öppen med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor samt hur arbetsplatsens normer påverkar homosexuell vårdpersonals öppenhet med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor. Med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med homosexuell vårdpersonal kan studiens syfte besvaras. Heteronormen är inget nytt fenomen och påverkar fortfarande samhället idag. Dock är samhället inte lika heteronormativt som förr. Trots att förändringar har skett arbetar inte alla organisationer aktivt med inkludering utifrån sexuell läggning på arbetsplatser. Inkluderingsarbete kan anses viktigt då tidigare forskning visar att många homosexuella inte vågar vara öppna med sin sexuella läggning på arbetsplatsen. Studiens resultat visar att homosexuell vårdpersonal har olika uppfattningar om att vara öppen med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor. Det finns enstaka tillfällen då vårdpersonal upplevt negativa attityder från kollegor på grund av homosexualiteten. Men för det mesta har vårdpersonalen en positiv uppfattning om att vara öppen med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor.

[ES] En esta investigación proponemos abordar diferentes vínculos entre sexualidad e informática, a través de una lectura queer de la historia computacional tras una selección de diferentes episodios o casos. Para ello utilizamos la estrategia de una "genealogía queer" como una apropiación desviada de la noción de "genealogía" tal como la estableció Foucault en su lectura de Nietzsche, es decir, como un tipo de metodología, posicionamiento o punto de vista para acercarse críticamente a un objeto en su desarrollo temporal, contraponiéndose a la forma hegemónica en la que ese objeto ha sido tradicionalmente descrito o pensado. En este caso, el modo hegemónico en que se ha abordado la informática y los algoritmos es el de una supuesta neutralidad matemática en relación con los sistemas de sexo/género y la heteronormatividad. Al tratarse de una genealogía, también se supera la lógica lineal y sistemática propia del análisis histórico. La apertura genealógica tolera estiramientos temporales radicales, lo que permite abarcar episodios o casos siguiendo una temporalidad amplia y discontinua. El primer núcleo temporal y situado realiza una lectura sexodisidente a un tipo singular de tecnología informática indígena: los "quipus" andinos, especialmente en torno a su opacidad informática producto de la violencia colonial. El segundo núcleo temporal de los casos se concentra en la primera mitad del siglo XX, cuando el uso informático de los algoritmos computacionales comienza a ser teorizado y aplicado. En primer lugar, abordamos las teorizaciones del matemático y criptógrafo inglés Alan Turing, quien fuera condenado legalmente por su homosexualidad. En este núcleo también revisamos la primera imagen computacional conocida del proyecto SAGE de la fuerza aérea norteamericana, una chica pin-up programada en esos computadores militares y visible en una fotografía polaroid de fines de la década del 50 del siglo XX. El tercer núcleo corresponde a la década de los 80 del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, en que ese uso de la tecnología algorítmica computacional ha alcanzado un desarrollo que podríamos denominar "hegemónico", desde los prototipos computacionales para la creación de perfiles de usuario hasta proyectos recientes que utilizan redes neuronales artificiales para descifrar la sexualidad de personas en base a fotografías de rostro. También las disputas más recientes sobre el alcance de los algoritmos en relación con la política y el arte queer y feminista. / [CA] En aquesta investigació proposem abordar diferents vincles entre sexualitat i informàtica, mitjançant una lectura queer de la història computacional després d'una selecció de diferents episodis o casos. Per això utilitzem l'estratègia d'una "genealogia queer" com una apropiació desviada de la noció de "genealogia" tal com la va establir Foucault en la lectura de Nietzsche, és a dir, com un tipus de metodologia, posicionament o punt de vista per apropar-se críticament a un objecte en el seu desenvolupament temporal, contraposant-se a la forma hegemònica en què aquest objecte ha estat tradicionalment descrit o pensat. En aquest cas, la manera hegemònica en què s'ha abordat la informàtica i els algoritmes és una suposada neutralitat matemàtica en relació amb els sistemes de sexe/gènere i l'heteronormativitat. Com que es tracta d'una genealogia, també se supera la lògica lineal i sistemàtica pròpia de l'anàlisi històrica. L'obertura genealògica tolera estiraments temporals radicals, cosa que permet abastar episodis o casos seguint una temporalitat àmplia i discontínua. El primer nucli temporal i situat realitza una lectura sexodissident a un tipus singular de tecnologia informàtica indígena: els quipus andins, especialment al voltant de la seva opacitat informàtica producte de la violència colonial. El segon nucli temporal dels casos es concentra a la primera meitat del segle XX, quan l'ús informàtic dels algorismes computacionals comença a ser teoritzat i aplicat. En primer lloc, abordem les teoritzacions del matemàtic i criptògraf anglès Alan Turing, que fos condemnat legalment per la seva homosexualitat. En aquest nucli també revisem la primera imatge computacional coneguda del projecte SAGE de la força aèria nord-americana, una noia pin-up programada en aquests computadors militars i visible en una fotografia polaroid de finals de la dècada del 50 del segle XX. El tercer nucli correspon a la dècada dels 80 del segle XX fins a l'actualitat, en què aquest ús de la tecnologia algorítmica computacional ha aconseguit un desenvolupament que podríem anomenar "hegemònic", des dels prototips computacionals per a la creació de perfils d'usuari fins a projectes recents que utilitzen xarxes neuronals artificials per desxifrar la sexualitat de persones sobre la base de fotografies de rostre. També les disputes més recents sobre l'abast dels algorismes en relació a la política i l'art queer i feminista. / [EN] In this research we propose to address different links between sexuality and computing, through a queer reading of computational history after a selection of different episodes or cases. For this we use the strategy of a "queer genealogy" as a misappropriated appropriation of the notion of "genealogy" as established by Foucault in his reading of Nietzsche, that is, as a type of methodology, positioning or point of view to critically approach to an object in its temporal development, opposing the hegemonic way in which that object has traditionally been described or thought. In this case, the hegemonic way in which informatics and algorithms have been approached is that of a supposed mathematical neutrality in relation to sex/gender systems and heteronormativity. As it is a genealogy, the linear and systematic logic of historical analysis is also overcome. The genealogical opening tolerates radical temporal stretching, which makes it possible to cover episodes or cases following a wide and discontinuous temporality. The first temporal and situated nucleus performs a sex-dissident reading of a unique type of indigenous computer technology: the Andean "quipus", especially around their computer opacity as a result of colonial violence. The second temporal nucleus of the cases is concentrated in the first half of the 20th century, when the computer use of computational algorithms begins to be theorized and applied. In the first place, we address the theories of the English mathematician and cryptographer Alan Turing, who was legally convicted of his homosexuality. In this core we also review the first known computational image of the US Air Force's SAGE project, a pin-up girl programmed in those military computers and visible in a polaroid photograph from the late 1950s. The third nucleus corresponds to the 1980s up to the present, in which the use of computational algorithmic technology has reached a development that we could call "hegemonic", from computational prototypes for the creation of user profiles to projects recent ones that use artificial neural networks to decipher the sexuality of people based on photographs of their faces. Also the most recent disputes about the reach of algorithms in relation to queer and feminist politics and art. / Rivas Sanmartín, F. (2022). Una genealogía queer de los algoritmos computacionales [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/187463 / TESIS

This thesis is a Minor Field Study carried out in Cape Town, South Africa, during March - May 2022. South Africa is suffering a high level of sexual and gender-based violence. LBGTQI people are extra vulnerable when it comes to sexual and gender-based violence, especially when it comes to corrective rapes. The aim of study was therefore to investigate how people from the LGBTQI community in South Africa understands the problem with sexual and gender-based violence and how they perceive that the Government is addressing these issues. To answer our three research questions, we used focus group interviews to gather data. Our research shows that the sexual and gender-based violence is a widespread phenomenon and is affected by intersectional inequalities. Even though South Africa by law has forbidden any discrimination based on sexuality after abolishing the Apartheid regime, there still seems to be a gap between what the Government is constituting and what the citizens, institution, and society values.

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The purpose of this essay was to investigate the exposure to intimate partner violence among individuals in same-sex relationships, the consequences of such violence and the help-seeking process. The research focused on exploring the underlying causes, consequences of violence and what the help-seeking process looks like for individuals in same-sex relationships. Qualitative and quantitative studies were analyzed. Three perspectives: intersectionality, power, and heteronormativity were adopted to interpret the results. A qualitative content analysis revealed six themes: gender norms, minority stressors, physical and psychological violence, heteronormative expectations and help-seeking. Factors contributing to intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships included heteronormativity, societal perceptions of gender norms, minority stress, and internalized homophobia. Consequences of violence included isolation, poor physical and mental health. Power imbalances and the help-seeking process were linked to these outcomes. Conclusions of this essay highlighted the importance of understanding the complexity arising from a heteronormative perspective on intimate partner violence, affecting both perpetrators and victims. Additionally, the study emphasized the significance of support for victims in same-sex relationships, highlighting the current limitations in available support systems. / Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka utsattheten för våld i nära relation för individer i samkönade relationer, konsekvenserna av våldet samt hur hjälpsökande-processen ser ut. I fokus för uppsatsen hamnade forskningsfrågorna: Vilka är de bakomliggande orsakerna till våldsutsattheten för individer i samkönade relationer, vilka konsekvenser våldet kan leda till samt hur hjälpsökande-processen ser ut för individer i samkönade relationer. Kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier analyserades. Som utgångspunkt för att tolka resultaten antogs tre olika perspektiv: det intersektionella perspektivet, makt samt heteronormativitet. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys framkom det sex teman: könsnormer, minoritetsstress, fysiskt och psykiskt våld, heteronormativa förväntningar samt hjälpsökande. De bakomliggande orsakerna till en utsatthet visade sig bland annat kunna vara heteronormativitet och samhällets uppfattning kring könsnormer, minoritetsstress och internaliserad homofobi. Konsekvenserna av våldet visade sig vara isolering, sämre fysisk och psykisk hälsa. Det framkom även att maktobalans och hjälpsökandeprocessen var kopplat till konsekvenserna. Slutsatser som kunde dras från denna uppsats var vikten att förstå komplexiteten som uppstår till följd av en heteronormativ syn på våld i nära relationer samt att denna syn påverkar både våldsutövare och våldsoffer. Ytterligare en slutsats var betydelsen av stöd till våldsoffer i samkönade relationer samt hur bristfälligt stödet är i dagsläget.