Denna studie undersöker hur sexualupplysning och sexualundervisning i TV producerar, reproducerar och utmanar föreställningar om sexualitet och genus. Det empiriska materialet består av tre programserier från Utbildningsradion samt två säsonger av Fråga Olle i Kanal 5. Programmen producerades och sändes mellan 1998 och 2004. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna utgörs av genus- och queerteori, där genus och sexualitet betraktas som producerade genom diskurs. Analysen visar hur programmen använder sig av två olika men sammanlänkade perspektiv. Det första är ett bejakande perspektiv där sexualitet presenteras på ett positivt sätt. Det andra är ett riskperspektiv, där faror och negativa aspekter av sexualiteten framhålls. Analysen visar vidare hur programmen bidrar till en rangordning av olika sexuella identiteter och praktiker, där somliga framstår som vanliga, naturliga och önskvärda, samtidigt som andra görs till annorlunda, onaturliga eller äckliga. Heterosexualitet och det heterosexuella vaginala samlaget innehar en normerande position genom att de är ständiga föremål för diskussion, men utan att namnges. Istället är det annorlunda eller oönskade sexuella identiteter och praktiker som benämns explicit, t. ex. problematiseras penetrerande analsex. Till skillnad från heterosexualitet namnges homosexualitet och görs till föremål för specifika program och programpunkter. / This dissertation examines the ways in which Swedish formal and informal sex education materials produce, reproduce and challenge notions of sexuality and gender. The main empirical material consists of four different series of television programmes about sexuality and relationships produced and aired between 1998 and 2004. The programmes make use of an “edutainment” approach, trying to both educate and entertain. The theoretical approach is derived from gender and queer theory by which gender and sexuality is regarded as construed through discourse. Another theoretical outline is that sexuality is subjected to stratification, in which sexual identities and practises are placed in a hierarchical order, placing some as normal and others as deviant. The analysis discloses that the programmes make use of two different but intertwined perspectives. The first is an affirmative discourse in which sex is construed as a positive phenomenon. The second is sex as a risk, emphasising what can be perceived as the destructive aspects of sexuality. The programmes takes heterosexuality for granted and therefore reinforces a heteronormative order. In contrast to heterosexuality, homosexuality is named and made into a topic for specific programmes and program items. The normative sexual practise is the heterosexual vaginal intercourse, a practise which is frequently discussed but hardly ever mentioned by name. Rather, it is unwanted or questioned sexual practises that are mentioned explicitly, among others penetrative anal sex.

Although Sweden is considered to be in the lead concerning an open-minded perception of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population, very little attention has been given to the elderly within this target group. The elder LGBT population’s got special needs that haven’t been made sufficiently visible, neither as a research field, from social institutions nor from the LGBT movement itself. This study has described the target group's specific needs, based on the results of a focus group consisting of older LGBT people. Their experiences and stories have given an idea of what adjustments must be made to satisfy their specific needs. These needs have included the development of housing with LGBT focus, education for health care workers, information about the existence of the target group to other elderly and changes in the practice of social workers. Respondents' attitudes, opinions and ideas have been analyzed by means of queer theory, ageism and the intersectional perspective. Finally, the results have been discussed and a few recommendations are provided.

This study investigates whether teachers working with children ages 6 – 9 are including an LGBTQ perspective in their teaching methods. The purpose is to critically examine sexuality and gender as part of the teaching methods in Swedish schools; whether teachers are working with LGBTQ questions in their classes, and if so, how. The following research questions are answered:  Are the teachers incorporating an LGBTQ perspective in their classes, and if so, in what sense? Are LGBTQ questions relevant and of interest in the education? Do teachers feel like they have gained the right tools in their pedagogical education and/or in their workplace to work with LGBTQ questions in their class room? And if so, in what way?  The method used is qualitative research in the form of interviews and observations. The conclusions reached are that in theory most teachers agree that an LGBTQ perspective is of importance in the classes; however in practice it is not that easy. Most teachers agree that is it difficult to incorporate this perspective. All teachers stress that their pedagogical education lacked in providing an LGBTQ perspective, but a couple teachers point out that they have received it from their workplace instead.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka på vilka sätt köns- och sexualitetsdiskurser kommer till uttryck i sociala medier i relation till framställningen av kön och sexualitet i tv, och vad det kan bero på. Syftet är även att undersöka vilken betydelse meningsreproduktionen och diskurserna på sociala medier kan ha för användarnas föreställningar om kön och sexualitet. Frågeställningarna är: “Reproduceras köns- och heteronormer under hashtagen #paradisehotelse på Twitter? I så fall, på vilket sätt och vad kan det bero på?” och “Skulle interaktionen med tv-programmet Paradise Hotel via Twitter kunna ha någon betydelse för Twitter-användarnas föreställningar om kön och sexualitet? I så fall, på vilket sätt?”. För att uppnå syftet genomförs netnografi och kritisk diskursanalys av inläggen på hashtagen #paradisehotelse. För att sedan analysera resultatet och besvara studiens frågeställningar, använder vi oss av teori om nya och sociala medier samt kultur- och genusteori. Det material vi utför den netnografiska analysen på kom att bli ungefär 2500 Twitter-inlägg. Materialet avgränsas dock inför den kritiska diskursanalysen. Resultaten visar att skribenterna på #paradisehotelse reproducerar köns- och heteronormer i en stor utsträckning, ofta implicit. Detta sker genom att de manliga Paradise Hotel-deltagarna ges ett större spelrum än de kvinnliga i sitt agerande, utseende och sexuella anspelning, utan att de uppfattas negativt. Köns- och heteronormer kan reproduceras i skribentens försök att själv passa in i dem samt att man förväntas uttrycka sig om givna saker och på ett givet sätt på hashtagen. De få skribenter som uttrycker kritik mot köns- och heteronormer gör detta enbart i relation till tydligt könsstereotypa händelser i Paradise Hotel. Meningsreproduktionen på hashtagen skulle kunna ha en betydelse för föreställningarna hos de Twitter-användare som är passiva i sin mediekonsumtion, vilket resultaten tyder på då majoriteten av skribenterna accepterar och återger, utan reflektion, det normativa innehållet i Paradise Hotel. Konsekvenserna kan vara skeva värderingar kring vad som är “rätt” och normalt kring kön och sexualitet, vilket är normer som skribenterna själva strävar efter att passa in i för att uppfattas normala. / Aim: This research aims to investigate how gender and sexuality discourses are expressed in social media, in connection with how gender and sexualities are presented in tv, and what reasons that could be behind it. The aim is also to research if and how the messages on social media could affect the Twitter users’ ideas of gender and sexuality. The research questions are: “Are gender norms and heteronormativity reproduced on the Twitter hashtag #paradisehotelse? If so, how and what could the reason/s be?” and “Could the interaction with the tv-show Paradise Hotel through Twitter affect the Twitter users’ ideas of gender and sexuality? If so, how?”. Method/Material: The methods that are used in order to achieve the purposes of this study, are netnography and critical discourse analysis. The material consists of approximately 2500 tweets that are produced on #paradisehotelse. To analyse the results and answer the research questions, theories about new and social media, gender and culture are applied to the study. Main results: Gender norms and heteronormativity are reproduced to a large extent on the hashtag, often implicitly. This happens by the Twitter users accepting and celebrating the male Paradise Hotel participators’ manners, sexuality and looks, whereas the females mostly are criticized for these aspects. The reasons behind the reproduction of norms of gender and heterosexuality on the hashtag could be that the writers are trying to represent themselves as normal by pointing out when someone else is diverging from the norms, or that one is expected to express in a certain way and about certain things on the hashtag. The few writers that question the norms only do so in relation to extreme incidents of Paradise Hotel that are obviously characterized by gender and heterosexuality norms. The tweets could affect the ideas of gender and sexuality of the Twitter users that are passive in their media consumption, which the results tell us that most of them are, based on their reproduction of the normative content of Paradise Hotel. The consequences could be narrow perspectives about gender and sexualities – what is considered “right” and normal – which are the norms that the writers themselves are striving to fit into to represent themselves as normal.

The general aim of the project was to describe the situation of lesbians and gay men in a nursing environment by studying the attitudes of nursing staff and students, and the experiences of gay nursing staff in their work environment and of gay patients and partners in their encounters with nursing. The study for papers I and II had a descriptive, comparative design. Nurses, assistant nurses, and nursing students completed the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale (ATHS), the Causes of Homosexuality Questionnaire (CHQ), and the Affect Adjective Checklist (AAC), along with the Nursing Behaviour Questionnaire (NBQ). In general, the participating nursing staff and students expressed positive attitudes, though some subjects reported very negative attitudes toward gay people. The participants also expressed a full spectrum of emotions from delight to anger. The studies for papers III and IV had a descriptive, explorative design. Here, the data collection was performed by semi-structured interviews. The informants were gay nursing staff, gay patients and partners of patients. The gay personnel reported fear and concern about heterosexuals' reactions when these informants 'come out', and were constantly assesing the risk being open about their sexual orientation among their workmates. Nearly all patients and partners described several situations where heteronormative assumptions were communicated by the nursing staff. Almost all informants offered recommendations for nursing staff to facilitate communication. According to the presented findings, probably only a small minority in Swedish nursing have negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. However, the informants told of heteronormative language and behaviour in nursing contexts that were percieved as insensitive, insulting and humaliating. Nursing staff need to learn how to communicate in a more natural way and to be aware of the norms they communicate through the language and behaviour they use.

This essay provides a queer theoretical, non-biographic reading of Karin Boye's novel Crisis from 1934. The analysis aims to focus on how Christian faith, constituting a major part of the book, can be connected to and be read as a symbol of heteronormativity. Furthermore the analysis describes how the queer aspect in the novel reveals heteronormative and intersectional structures. The investigation is set against previous research on Boye’s literary works, and other queer theoretical texts to show how the protagonist Malin Forst’s queer desire and identity develops as opposed to authoritative voices present in her life.

This study explores the relationship between ideals of motherhood and heterosexual normativity, from the perspective of women at the margins of these discourses. The title, In the shadow of Motherhood, illustrates the overriding power of the image of motherhood to marginalise alternative experiences. The concept of motherhood, like that of Family, has traditionally signalled the reproduction of the normative; it does not usually encompass the critical scrutiny that would allow for diverse experiences of mothering. Theoretically, the study is located within the fields of feminist sociology and inclusive family studies in productive dialogue with queer notions of gender and sexuality. Methodologically, it is inspired by narrative analysis and consists of in-depth interviews with eight lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual women grappling with different experiences of motherhood and mothering practices. Some of them identify as mothers while others do not, but by not being biogenetic mothers within a heterosexual relationship they share the position of being outside of what is often considered normal, natural and desirable. The analysis reveals a considerable variation in the positions, experiences and identities of the participants, particularly in regards to changes over time, which cannot be reduced to binary categories such as heterosexual/lesbian, biological/non-biological, mother/childless or voluntary/involuntary childlessness. The analysis also exposes a deep tension between ideologies of motherhood and lived experiences of care practices. Furthermore, from the perspective of the participants, the boundaries between inclusion and exclusion reinforce and challenge each other, creating spaces of both individual and collective resistance. The study illuminates the need to shift the location of these experiences from the margins to the centre not only in sociological research of family and gender, but also within feminist sociology.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-22T20:26:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-22T20:26:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-22T20:26:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T20:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / By conceiving sex, gender and sexuality based on binary, natural and fixed systems and by organizing the social practices from the premise that heterosexuality is the only and correct way to live the sexuality, it is said that our society is, hegemonically, heteronormative. Thus, all other forms of configuration and experience of gender identities and sexualities that permeate the binary ends (male/female, heterosexual/homosexual) are marginalized. So, it’s perceived the psychosocial exclusion of LGBT people (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) in different spheres of social life, also significantly impacting their working possibilities and relationships. This scenario, in Brazil, has been increasing since the 1990s, when profound changes into the world of work has been hampering even more the access and the permanence to it of people that, visibly, do not fit the standard of the formal labor market. This dissertation aims to analyze the social representations of a group of people who look out of place of the heteronormative standards, whether by sexual orientation or gender identity, about their relationships with work. The informations were obtained by means of a bibliographical and documentary survey, and also by the application of semistructured interviews and analyzed from the construction of thematic categories, such as: family, school and work. The material obtained points to experiences of prejudice in the family, school and professional environments that impact on the way the subjects perceive themselves and the others and condition the way they socially relate. Mainly, school and work acquire a sense of space for living constraints, suffering and struggle against prejudice, but also of overcoming, accomplishing, social utility and exercise of citizenship. The respondents have difficulties in the formal labor market, or as self-employed and micro-entrepreneurs, but they are not exempt from prejudices, constraints and the feeling that they must be model workers to guarantee their work, even if, not exceptionally, they have to experiment situations that are true proofs of resistance for their permanence in the organizations. It is hoped that the reflection on the life histories of the interviewees can support and stimulate policies and practices of work management that are inclusive and do not discriminate LGBT workers. / Por conceber sexo, gênero e sexualidade baseados em sistemas binários, naturais e fixos e por organizar as práticas sociais a partir da premissa de que a heterossexualidade é a única e correta forma de se viver a sexualidade, diz-se que nossa sociedade é, hegemonicamente, heteronormativa. Marginalizam-se, assim, todas as outras formas de configuração e de vivência das identidades de gênero e das sexualidades que permeiam os extremos binários (masculino/feminino, hétero/homossexual). Desta forma, percebe-se a exclusão psicossocial de pessoas LGBT (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transgêneros) em diversos âmbitos da vida social, impactando, significativamente, também nas suas possibilidades e relações de trabalho. Este cenário, no Brasil, acirra-se desde a década de 1990, quando as profundas mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho vêm dificultando ainda mais o acesso e a permanência de pessoas que, visivelmente, fogem do padrão posto no mercado de trabalho formal. Esta dissertação pretende analisar as representações sociais de um grupo de pessoas que destoam dos padrões heteronormativos, quer seja por orientação sexual ou por identidade de gênero, acerca das suas relações com o trabalho. As informações foram obtidas por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e documental e da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas a partir da construção de categorias temáticas, quais sejam: família, escola e trabalho. O material obtido aponta para vivências de preconceito nos âmbitos familiares, escolares e profissionais que impactam na forma como os sujeitos percebem a si mesmos e aos outros e condicionam a maneira como se relacionam socialmente. Principalmente a escola e o trabalho adquirem sentido de espaço de vivência de constrangimentos, de sofrimentos e luta contra o preconceito, mas também de superação, realização, utilidade social e exercício da cidadania. Os entrevistados inseriam-se com dificuldade no mercado formal de trabalho ou ainda como autônomos e micro empresários. Porém, não estavam isentos de preconceitos, de constrangimentos e do sentimento de, obrigatoriamente, serem trabalhadores modelo para permanecerem no trabalho. Não excepcionalmente, vivenciaram situações que eram verdadeiras provas de resistência para permanecer nas organizações. Espera-se que a reflexão sobre as histórias de vida dos entrevistados embasem e estimulem políticas e práticas de gestão do trabalho que sejam inclusivas e que não discriminem os trabalhadores LGBT. / FAPESP: 2015/11653-0

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6816.pdf: 1042759 bytes, checksum: 041e15d1fc4925f0384f9b039a98fb2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study examines the career of Federal Police special agents in São Paulo, in order to observe how concepts like masculinity, gender and difference are articulated to professionalism by them. This study conceives gender as something that is constructed, and often reproduced when such agents experiences the profession. Thus, it is necessary to explore the existence of an institutional hegemonic masculinity, as female and male, gender are made and how the pattern of heteronormativity are experienced in every day pratice in this career. The field research was conducted in the city of São Paulo. The methodology is based on qualitative interviews and analysis of documents from the Federal Police, as well as statistical data of the gender composition of the group, these empirical evidences are focused by the approaches of sociology of professions. / O presente estudo analisa a carreira de delegado da Polícia Federal no estado de São Paulo, com o intuito de observar como masculinidades, gênero e diferença são articulados com profissionalismo pelos pares. O gênero é concebido pelo estudo como algo que é construído, e, muitas vezes, reproduzido, quando se vivencia a profissão. Assim, faz-se necessário explorar a existência ou não de uma masculinidade hegemônica institucional, como se faz feminino e masculino, e de que forma o padrão da heteronormatividade é vivenciado ao se trabalhar nesta carreira. O recorte espacial utilizado para a presente pesquisa é a cidade de São Paulo. A metodologia adotada é a de entrevistas qualitativas e análises de documentos da Polícia Federal, bem como o levantamento estatístico da composição por gênero da carreira, esses dados são tratados a partir das vertentes teóricas da sociologia das profissões em interface com masculinidades, gênero e diferença.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o caminho percorrido pelo corpo homossexual na modernidade até as últimas décadas, quando passou a ser representado de forma normalizada. Propõe-se, primeiramente, uma breve historiografia da homossexualidade: desde sua criação e naturalização por instituições médico-jurídicas em 1869, nas sociedades disciplinares, até o monopólio imagético heteronormativo de Hollywood nas sociedades de controle, e pela apropriação do termo pelas lutas identitárias homossexuais norte-americanas na década de 1970. Em seguida se estabelece uma analise crítica do termo coming-out of the closet (o sair do armário). A análise chega a seu objetivo principal: as supostas motivações da rejeição das representações do gay efeminado, da lésbica masculinizada e dos demais sujeitos não-heteronormativos pela cultura homossexual. Por fim, a reflexão se atém aos filmes Elvis & Madona (2011) e ao documentário Dzi Croquettes, com o intuito de flagrar a presença de personagens representados fora da diferença sexual no cinema brasileiro contemporâneo, o que subverteria uma possível normalização dos corpos em questão. / [en] This dissertation s purpose is to analyze the path that the homosexual body had to pass through since Modern Times until the last decades, when it started to be represented in a normalized way. It starts with a brief historiography of the homosexuality: since its creation and naturalization by medical-legal institutions in 1869, on disciplinary societies, up to Hollywood s heteronormative imaging monopoly in control societies, and finally the appropriation of the term by the American homosexual identity movement in the 70 s. Next, the dissertation s aim is to establish a critical analysis of the term coming out of the closet - when it reaches its main goal: an investigation of the possible reasons why the homosexual culture tends to reject the figures of the effeminate gay (sissy boys), the manned lesbian (butches and dykes) and all the other non-heteronormative subjects. Finally, the reflection focuses on the movies Elvis & Madona (2011) and on the documentary Dzi Croquettes - aiming to perceive how Brazilian contemporary movies are portraying subjects out of the representation based on the sexual difference, what could mean a possible subversion of this normalization of the body.