Författare: David Fogelström Handledare: Kutte Jönsson Examinator: Tomas Peterson Nyckelord: Styrkelyft, kvinnors upplevelser, hegemoni, hegemonisk maskulinitet, heteronormativitet   Syfte: Syftet med det här arbetet är att genom semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöka och förstå kvinnliga styrkelyftares upplevelser av att utöva en traditionellt mansdominerad sport och hur dessa upplevelser kan förstås i relation till hegemonisk maskulinitet.   Metod: Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor som tävlar i styrkelyft har jag samlat in och analyserat data för att med denna kunna besvara frågeställningarna.   Teori: Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för arbetet är hegemonisk maskulinitetsteori.   Resultat och slutsatser: Studien visar att det finns såväl likheter som skillnader mellan styrkelyft och andra mansdominerade sporter i hur kvinnor ser på att utöva en traditionellt mansdominerad sport och deras upplevelser av detta. Exempel på likheter är positiva effekter på självförtroende, viljan att vara förebild och bryta mot könsnormer samtidigt som kvinnor upplevde att de blev ifrågasatta och inte tagna på allvar i samma utsträckning som män. Skillnader var upplevelsen av att inom styrkelyft kunna utmana sig själva och hur tävlandet inom styrkelyft var en stark motivationsfaktor. / Author: David Fogelström Supervisor: Kutte Jönsson  Examiner: Tomas Peterson Keywords: Powerlifting, women’s experiences, hegemony, hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity   Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore and understand, through semi-structured interviews, female powerlifters experiences of practicing a traditionally male-dominated sport and how these experiences can be understood in relation to hegemonic masculinity.   Method: Through semi-structured interviews with women who compete in powerlifting, I have collected and analysed data to be able to answer the questions.   Theory: The theoretical framework of this study is Hegemonic Masculinity Theory.   Results and Conclusions: The study shows that there are similarities as well as differences between powerlifting and other male-dominated sports in how women experience practicing a traditionally male-dominated sport. Examples of similarities are positive effects on self-confidence, the desire to be a role model and break gender norms while women felt that they were questioned and not taken seriously to the same extent as men. Differences were the experience of being able to challenge themselves in powerlifting and how the competition in powerlifting was a strong motivating factor.

This thesis is concerned with the question of gender identification in drag culture. The research, upon which this work is based, focuses on Czech drag queens that participate in drag (travesti) show in an LGBTQ+ enterprise in Prague. In my research, I have attempted to grasp the motivation of my informants to do drag, their connection to queer culture and the ways in which they create their own aesthetic on stage. With the help of these topics, I approach the problem of their gender identification, both in and out of drag. On the basis of the collected fieldwork material and relevant literature, I problematize gender identification among my informants. On the basis of such identification, I furthermore attempt to demonstrate limitations and shortcomings of the heteronormative framework of gender performativity, gender performance and gender identification in general. Keywords: travesty show, drag, queer, homosexuality, performativity, performance, heteronormativity, gender subversion

Euphoria is a popular tv-series that has become a part of popular culture with its dark imagery and strong characters. The characters became a big discussion in social media and mantras that people are taking inspiration from. The series has become a phenomenon in social media where people recreate the characters makeup and outfits. This study looked at how female characters are portrayed in Euphoria from a female stereotypic and gender identity perspective. And we wanted to see if the female characters are challenging heteronormativity that is reflected in our society. We used a narrative analysis and mise-en-scéne to analyze the chosen scenes, the theories we used were gender theory, gender role theory and queer theory. The result showed that three of the characters are shown as the typical female stereotype and two of them are not. The three females that are more like the stereotypes are portrayed in a sexualized way and their bodies are shown for entertainment and selling purposes. Meanwhile the two female characters that challenge heteronormativity are portrayed as norm breaking and they are not sexualized. The gender roles are shining through when some of the feminine women are acting from what is expected of a woman. They are seeking after what the ideals are and how they can be their most beautiful selves based on the stereotypes while some of them do not.

The aim of this study is to investigate the experience of people living in collective housing in relation to chrononormative time. I have interviewed people from the ages 20-30 who have experience of living in collective housing at some point in their lives. My theoretical framework includes chrononormativity, queer time and queer kinship. I have also used a phenomenological perspective on orientations and straight lines to gain a deeper understanding of the participants' experiences with timelines. The methods used are semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The result of this study shows that there are specific norms in collective housing that the participants related or deviated from.  It became clear that the participants were affected by the pressure of chrononormativity and norms about aging, though in different ways. All participants negotiated with these norms as a way to make sense of themselves and their choices in life.

Magister Legum - LLM / In many societies, a division between genders exist. This differentiation is attributed to a patriarchal culture which creates gender norms in sexualities.1 A set of cultural practices and expectations exist; these cultural practices and expectations assume that heterosexuality is the cornerstone of social unions - this phenomenon is known as heteronormativity.2 Heteronormativity affords that there are only two sexes with predetermined gender roles,3 creating the homophobia in societies. Human rights infringements on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation has become noticeable across Africa.4 Homophobia in Africa is linked to the codification of laws that infringed on human rights under colonialism, which still forms part of the current norms around sexuality.5 Homosexuality is prohibited and is unlawful in most of the countries in Africa, South Africa being the only country that allows for the legal union of same-sex couples.6 There have been a number of academic texts debating the importance of culture against the right to equality in the South African context; 7 however, there is an inadequate amount of academic text available about this topic on an African level. Therefore, an ongoing debate about the protection of "sexual minorities" contrasted with the protection of cultural rights exists on an international scale. 8 The rights of sexual minorities are disregarded too often and they are often denied equal and fair access to the law. A large number of African countries believe that homosexuality is un African,9 thus choosing to exclude lesbians and gays from citizen rights. 10 Due to this belief, the practice of homosexuality in Africa is seen one that goes against the morals and values of the majority of society. This creates a stand-off between cultural rights and equality rights of sexual minorities.

Die Diplomarbeit untersucht die Gestaltung von Hochzeitsfeiern lesbischer Paare vor dem Hintergrund ritualtheoretischer Konzepte und dem Wandel der gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung des Heiratens. Es werden sechs lesbische Paare mithilfe leidfadengestützter Interviews zu Vorbereitung, Ablauf und Nachwirkungen ihrer Hochzeitsfeiern befragt. Schwerpunkt der durch Verfahren der Grounded Theory geleiteten Analyse sind der Umgang mit dem kulturellen Konzept „Hochzeit“ und die Gestaltung der Hochzeitsfeiern in Auseinandersetzung mit heteronormativen Erwartungen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass lesbische Paare bei der Gestaltung ihrer Hochzeitsfeiern eine Inklusion von eigenem Paarverständnis und kulturellen Anforderungen an Hochzeitsfeiern anstreben. Dabei knüpfen sie an kulturell tradierte Bräuche an, sodass nicht von einer eigenständigen lesbischen Hochzeitskultur gesprochen werden kann.:1. Einleitung 2. Lesbische Paare in er soziologischen Forschung 2.1 Zur Geschichte der Lesbenforschung 2.2 Forschungsstand 3. Die Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft 3.1 Anforderunge und Wünsche von Lesben und Schwulen 3.2 Geschichte des Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetzes 3.3 Gesezliche Bestimmungen des Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetzes 3.4 Kritik und Diskussion zum Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz 3.5 Verbreitung der Eingetragenen Lebenspartnerschaft 4. Hochzeitsfeiern als (Übergangs-)Rituale 4.1 Ritualbegriff in der Soziologie 4.2 Übergangsrituale 4.3 Hochzeiten als Übergangsrituale 4.4 Veränderungen in der rituellen Gestaltung von Hochzeiten 4.5 Heutige Hochzeiten und ihr Status als Übergangsritual 5. Empirische Untersuchung 5.1 Auswahl der Erhebungsmethode 5.2 Entwicklung des Interviewleitfadens 5.3 Durchführung der Untersuchung 5.4 Transkription 5.5 Auswertungsmethode 6. Wie lesbische Paare ihre Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft feiern 6.1 Beschreibung der Hochzeitsfeiern 6.2 Fallübergreifende Betrachtung 6.3 Analyse der Hauptkategorien 6.4 Entwicklung der Schlüsselkategorie 7. Die Ergebnisse im Kontext des Forschungsstandes Literaturverzeichnis / The thesis studies lesbian weddings against the background of ritual theory and the changing social significance of getting married. Six lesbian couples are interviewed on planning, realization and aftereffects of their weddings. The analysis is based on grounded theory procedures and focuses on dealing with the cultural concept of “wedding” and the arrangement of weddings against the background of heteronormative expectations. Results suggest that lesbian couples strive for an inclusion of their own understanding of being a couple with cultural standards for weddings. They build on traditional customs, so that there appears to be no independent lesbian wedding culture.:1. Einleitung 2. Lesbische Paare in er soziologischen Forschung 2.1 Zur Geschichte der Lesbenforschung 2.2 Forschungsstand 3. Die Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft 3.1 Anforderunge und Wünsche von Lesben und Schwulen 3.2 Geschichte des Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetzes 3.3 Gesezliche Bestimmungen des Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetzes 3.4 Kritik und Diskussion zum Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz 3.5 Verbreitung der Eingetragenen Lebenspartnerschaft 4. Hochzeitsfeiern als (Übergangs-)Rituale 4.1 Ritualbegriff in der Soziologie 4.2 Übergangsrituale 4.3 Hochzeiten als Übergangsrituale 4.4 Veränderungen in der rituellen Gestaltung von Hochzeiten 4.5 Heutige Hochzeiten und ihr Status als Übergangsritual 5. Empirische Untersuchung 5.1 Auswahl der Erhebungsmethode 5.2 Entwicklung des Interviewleitfadens 5.3 Durchführung der Untersuchung 5.4 Transkription 5.5 Auswertungsmethode 6. Wie lesbische Paare ihre Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft feiern 6.1 Beschreibung der Hochzeitsfeiern 6.2 Fallübergreifende Betrachtung 6.3 Analyse der Hauptkategorien 6.4 Entwicklung der Schlüsselkategorie 7. Die Ergebnisse im Kontext des Forschungsstandes Literaturverzeichnis

This thesis analyses materials – a set of guidelines and a presentation – provided for officials  who assess claims related to sexual orientation and gender identity within the Australian  government’s Department for Immigration and Border Protection. The analysis is conducted  using critical discourse analysis to see if the lexicon shows a white heterosexual bias, and if it  does, how the bias is manifested within the guidelines, especially within the context of the  gender binary. The theoretical framework primarily uses Critical Race theory, but also  combines elements of Said’s Orientalism, and absence and presence theory. The results show  that the guidelines do have a white heterosexual bias, which manifests itself in the form of,  Western superiority, stereotypes about LGBT+ people, as well as an undertheorized portrayal  of the gender binary. The findings contribute to research within the queer asylum field,  especially with regards to research on migration from a non-gender-binary perspective.

The thesis describes the process of coming out in non-heterosexual people, its development and importance in heteronormative societies. It focuses on the overall inclusivity, destigmatization and detabuization of non-heterosexual people in the society as well as in the scientific research. The theoretic part presents firstly the original models describing coming out as a linear development with a clear ending and secondly the current concept perceiving coming out as a complex psycho-social-sexual process, not necessarily one-directional nor terminable. The key part of the secondly named approach are eight developmental milestones which in some way appear during the process of coming out in most non-heterosexual people. The empirical part focuses on coming out in Czech society, mostly on the search for common topics which can be found during its course and the description of their specific form in the participants of the study. Qualitative empirical design, specifically semi-structured in-depth interviews and thematic analysis were used for these purposes. The results partly correspond with the developmental milestones described in the theoretic part, but new topics - specific for the Czech society - appear as well. Keywords Coming out; Heteronormativity; Non-heterosexuality; Sexual identity; Sexual...

Statistik visar att hälsan är sämre hos hbtq+-personer än hos den övriga befolkningen. Till exempel är oro, ångest och självmordstankar betydligt vanligare. Idrott och fysisk aktivitet är hälsofrämjande och stärkande på flera sätt. Det såväl förebygger som bibehåller en god hälsa, både fysiskt och psykiskt. Idrottsrörelsen är ett väldigt viktigt socialt sammanhang för många. Idrott kan vara av fostrande och utbildande karaktär och ge färdigheter inom till exempel lagarbete och ledarskap. Hbtq+-ungdomar är underrepresenterade inom idrott, träning och tävling. De som deltar i idrott känner sig mindre trygga än heterosexuella och cis-personer. Många upplever en rädsla för att bli dåligt behandlade och har erfarenheter av att bli dåligt bemötta och utsatta för kränkningar och microaggressioner. Hbtq+-personer rapporterar i högre utsträckning att de har en stillasittande fritid samt motionerar eller tränar regelbundet i mindre utsträckning än befolkningen in övrigt. Denna uppsats belyser forskning om hbtq+-ungdomars erfarenheter av idrott och könsföreställningar inom idrotten i Sverige som kan påverka attityder till hbtq+. Dessa delas in i kategorierna omklädningsrum, språk samt fördomar och negativitet. Omklädningsrum upprätthåller och normaliserar en binär norm om könsidentitet och uttryck. För många ungdomar är det en plats som skapar osäkerhet, exkludering och ojämlikhet. Många vittnar om sexistiskt och homo- och transfobiskt språkbruk inom idrottsrörelsen. Det finns stöd för att sexism, fördomar och homo- och transnegativitet är en del av sportkulturen. Den präglas av könsnormativa och heteronormativa synsätt och ideal. Rådande normer, förväntningar och föreställningar kring kön och sexualitet spelar stor roll inom idrotten. Det kan göra så att ungdomar exkluderas från idrott och därmed från de många fördelar som associeras med idrott och fysisk aktivitet. En ökad kunskap och medvetenhet om hbtq+-personers erfarenheter och könsföreställningar inom idrott kan öka tryggheten, inkluderingen och jämlikheten inom idrotten samt stärka folkhälsan. / Statistic shows that the health of LGBTQ+people is worse than the rest of the population. For example, anxiety and suicidal thoughts are much more common. Sports and physical activity are health-promoting and strengthening in several ways. It both prevent and maintains good health, both physical and mentally. The sport movement is a very importent social context for many. Sport can be of an educational nature and provide skills in, for example, teamwork and leadership. LGBTQ+youth are underrepresented in sports, training and competition. Those who participate in sports feel less safe than heterosexual and cis people. Many experiences a fear of being poorly treated and has experience of being poorly treated and subjected to violations and microaggressions. LGBTQ+people report to a greater extent that they have a sedentary leisure time and exercise regulary to a lesser extent than the general population. This paper highlights research on LGBTQ+young people's experiences of sport and gender perceptions in sport in Sweden that can influence attitudes towards LGBTQ+. These are divided into the categories of chnaging rooms, language and prejudice and negativity. Locker rooms maintain and normalize a binary norm of gender identity and expression. For many young people, it is a place that creates uncertainty, exclusion and inequality. Many testify to sexistic and homo- and transphobic language in the sports movement. There is support for sexism, prejudice and homo- and transnegativity is part of sports culture. It is characterized by gender-normal and heteronormative views and ideals. Prevailing norms, expectations and beliefs about ggender and sexuality play a major role in sport. This can exclude LGBTQ+youth from sport and thus from the many benefits associated with sports and physical activity. Increased knowledge and awarness of LGBTQ+people's experiences and gender perceptions in sport can increase safety, inclusion and equality in sport and strengthen public health.

Abstract This study is based on a qualitative observational study of sex education. The observations were carried out in four classes in a high school year 1 in southwest Sweden. The purpose was to create an understanding of how society's discourse on relationships, consent and sexuality is expressed among students. In the study, the reactions and word choices used by the students were observed. The reactions were interpreted as an expression of the norms that the students learned from gender socialization, which are heteronormative. The theories applied in the study are sociology of emotions, which means the difference between emotions and feelings and their expression. Discourse was chosen as a theory and means that the language of one's surroundings is how one percieves it. Finally, gender socialization was chosen as a concept to describe and analyze the norms, values, and perceptions the indivitual has grown up in that govern one's behavior. The metod used to analyze the empiric discourse analysis to understand the way in which student's behavior reflects society. The study is also based on reflexive methodology, which means that the researcher's previous knowledge of the subject helps one understand the whole.  The result of the study was that the student's reactions and ideas show that the discourse they refer to is heteronormative. The sociological contribution is to increase knowledge about the effects that arise with and without sex education, so that they themselves can influence their lives and surroundings. / Studien bygger på en kvalitativ observationsundersökning av sexualundervisning.Observationerna genomfördes i fyra klasser i en gymnasieskola i årskurs 1 i sydvästraSverige. Syftet var att skapa en förståelse kring hur diskursen samhället har kring relationer,samtycke och sexualitet uttrycker sig bland eleverna. I studien observerades de reaktioner ochordval som eleverna använde. Reaktionerna tolkades som ett uttryck för de normer someleverna lärt sig genom könssocialisation, vilka är heteronormativa. De teorier som tillämpas istudien är emotionssociologi som innebär skillnaden mellan känslor och emotioner samt derasuttryck. Diskurs valdes som teori och innebär att språket om sin omgivning är så en uppfattarden. Till sist valdes könssocialisation som begrepp för att beskriva och analysera de normer,värden och föreställningar individen vuxit upp i som styr ens beteenden.Metoden som användes för att analysera empirin var diskursanalys för att förstådet sätt som elevernas beteende speglar samhället. Studien utgår även från reflexivmetodologi som innebär att de förkunskaper forskaren har kring ämnet hjälper en att förståhelheten.Resultatet av studien blev därmed att elevernas reaktioner och föreställningar visar påatt diskursen de relaterar till är heteronormativ. Det sociologiska bidraget är att öka kunskapkring vilka effekter som uppstår med och utan sexualundervisning, för att de själva ska kunnapåverka sitt liv och omgivning.