本研究旨在運用資料包絡法(data envelopment analysis, DEA)分析「教育部公私立大學校務資訊評鑑系統」中90至92學年度我國50所大學校院在研究與教學上之經營效率。研究問題有四：(1)國內大學校院教學與研究之投入與產出性指標系統分別為何？(2)國內各大學校院之相對效率值為何？改進策略為何？(3)國內各大學校院之發展類型為何？(4)國內各大學校院之發展趨勢為何？本研究考量投入項與產出項之重要性，編製「評估我國大學校院之發展策略指標權重專家調查問卷」以國內30位高等教育行政主管為調查對象進行層級分析取得指標相對權重，並套用於確定區域模式進行效率值之估算。指標係依據文獻探討與積差相關的同向性檢定，在研究效率上選擇6個投入項及5個產出項；在教學效率上選擇7個投入項及2個產出項。所使用之統計分析包括：積差相關、層級分析法、資料包絡法(效率分析、差額變數分析、參考集合分析、Malmquist 生產力指數)、Kruska-Wallis H檢定、Mann-Whitney U檢定、Tobit迴歸。 本研究得到以下六項結論： 一、本研究依大學生產關係架構所擬定之20項指標經相關分析、專家權重以及資料包絡法三種層面之分析，可作為以效率觀點評估我國經營效率的指標系統。 二、研究投入資源重專任副教授以上人數，研究產出重專任教師發表重要期刊論文篇數；教學投入資源重專兼任教師人數，然而，授課時數與約當畢業生人數在教學產出上同等重要。 三、三個學年度間，研究面向中有5校均為整體技術有效率，40校均為整體技術無效率；教學面向中有1校均為整體技術有效率，48校均為整體技術無效率。研究與教學無效率之原因均導因於純技術無效率，分別約浪費22.4%-27.2%以及26%-27.3%的投入資源，規模無效率影響較小。 四、不同權屬別對於整體技術效率之影響，主要源自於純技術效率；不同學校規模對於整體技術效率無影響，其係綜合學校規模越大純技術效率越差，但相對規模效率越佳的結果。 五、國內各大學校院發展，研究型大學以國立大學與醫學校院為主；教學型大學以師範校院與私立大學為主。 六、就三個學年度發展趨勢，整體而言研究效率提升，教學效率衰退，而各大學發展趨勢除整體技術效率略有消長外，35校在三個學年度發展類型均為一致。 / The purpose of this study is to assess the research and teaching productivities of 50 Taiwanese universities and colleges over the period of academic years 2001-2003. Research questions include: (1)What is the index system to assess school performance? (2)How many efficiency scores do these schools get? Inefficient units can implement what kinds of improvement to achieve efficiency? (3)What are their development styles? (4)What are their development tendencies? In order to consider weight restriction on inputs and outputs, author compiles “the expert questionnaire of assessing development strategy in Taiwanese universities and colleges”, and invites 30 specialists to answer, including 15 principals in higher education institutes and superintendents from Ministry of Education and 15 professors majoring in this field. Assurance region model with weigh indexes is used to calculate the whole efficiency scores. According to the result of literature reviewing and isotonicity test, author picks out 6 inputs and 5 outputs in research dimension and 7 inputs and 2 outputs in teaching dimension. Some statistic methods are used, including Pearson correlations, analytic hierarchy process, data envelopment analysis, Kruska-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Tobit regression. Results based on data show as follows: 1. Through statistic analysis, those indexes the author drafts can be used to assess the productivity of Taiwanese higher education institutes practically. 2. In research dimension, the most important input is the number of assist professor, output is academic paper accepted by prestigious journals. Besides, in teaching dimension, the most important input is the number of faculty; however, the amount of class hours is equal to the amount of graduates on output part. 3. In research dimension over three academic years, 5 schools were efficient in each year; however, 40 schools were inefficient in each year. Furthermore, in teaching dimension, only 1 school was efficient in each year; in contrast, 48 schools were inefficient. Both of research and teaching inefficiency mainly came from pure technical inefficiency, wasted 22.4%-27.2% and 26%-27.3% separately. 4. The effect of different authorities upon the efficiency mainly came from the pure technical efficiency. In addition, because of the effect mixed pure technical efficiency (PTE) with scale efficiency (SE) the effect of the different school scale upon the efficiency was non-significant. 5. Research universities are mostly from national universities and medical colleges. In contrast, teaching universities are mostly from private universities and normal colleges. 6. As a whole, research efficiency score grows but declines in teaching. Beside of some fluctuations on efficiency score, there are 35 schools maintain their development styles stably.

Includes supplemental material. / Disaster relief operations, such as the 2005 Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, and wartime operations, such as Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, have identified the need for a standardized command and control system interoperable among Joint, Coalition, and Interagency entities. The Systems Engineering Analysis Cohort 9 (SEA-9) Rapid Response Command and Control (R2C2) integrated project team completed a systems engineering (SE) process to address the military’s command and control capability gap. During the process, the R2C2 team conducted mission analysis, generated requirements, developed and modeled architectures, and analyzed and compared current operational systems versus the team’s R2C2 system. The R2C2 system provided a reachback capability to the Regional Combatant Commander’s (RCC) headquarters, a local communications network for situational assessments, and Internet access for civilian counterparts participating in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief operations. Because the team designed the R2C2 system to be modular, analysis concluded that the R2C2 system was the preferred method to provide the RCC with the required flexibility and scalability to deliver a rapidly deployable command and control capability to perform the range of military operations.

The increased demand for biofuels is expected to put additional strain on the available agricultural resources while at the same time causing environmental degradation. Hence, new energy policies need to be formulated and implemented in order to meet global energy needs while reducing the impact of biofuels farming and production. This research focuses on proving a decision support system which can aid the formulation of policies for the sustainable biofuel production. The system seeks to address policy formulation that requires reconciliation of the qualitative aspects of decision making (such as stakeholder’s viewpoints) with quantitative data, which often may be imprecise. To allow this, based on: Fuzzy logic and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in the form of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Using these concepts, three software functionalities, “Options vs. Fuzzy Criteria Matrix”, “Analytical Hierarchy Process” and “Fuzzy AHP” were developed. These were added within the framework of pre-existing base software, Compendium (developed by the Open University, UK). A number of case study based models have been investigated using the software. These models made use of data from the Philippines and India in order to pinpoint suitable land and crop options for these countries. The models based on AHP and Fuzzy AHP were very successful in identifying suitable crop options for India by capturing both the stakeholder viewpoints and quantitative data. The software functionalities are very effective in scenario planning and selection of policies that would be beneficial in achieving a desired future scenario. The models further revealed that the newly developed software correctly identified many of the important issues in a consistent manner.

Réalisées aux échelles internationales et nationales, les études de vulnérabilité aux changements et à la variabilité climatiques sont peu pertinentes dans un processus de prise de décisions à des échelles géographiques plus petites qui représentent les lieux d’implantation des stratégies de réponses envisagées. Les études de vulnérabilité aux changements et à la variabilité climatiques à des échelles géographiques relativement petites dans le secteur agricole sont généralement rares, voire inexistantes au Canada, notamment au Québec. Dans le souci de combler ce vide et de favoriser un processus décisionnel plus éclairé à l’échelle de la ferme, cette étude cherchait principalement à dresser un portrait de l’évolution de la vulnérabilité des fermes productrices de maïs-grain des régions de Montérégie-Ouest et du Lac-St-Jean-Est aux changements et à la variabilité climatiques dans un contexte de multiples sources de pression. Une méthodologie générale constituée d'une évaluation de la vulnérabilité globale à partir d’une combinaison de profils de vulnérabilité aux conditions climatiques et socio-économiques a été adoptée. Pour la période de référence (1985-2005), les profils de vulnérabilité ont été dressés à l’aide d’analyses des coefficients de variation des séries temporelles de rendements et de superficies en maïs-grain. Au moyen de méthodes ethnographiques associées à une technique d’analyse multicritère, le Processus d’analyse hiérarchique (PAH), des scénarios d’indicateurs de capacité adaptative du secteur agricole susmentionné ont été développés pour la période de référence. Ceux-ci ont ensuite servi de point de départ dans l’élaboration des indicateurs de capacité de réponses des producteurs agricoles pour la période future 2010-2039. Pour celle-ci, les deux profils de vulnérabilité sont issus d’une simplification du cadre théorique de « Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change » (IPCC) relatif aux principales composantes du concept de vulnérabilité. Pour la dimension « sensibilité » du secteur des fermes productrices de maïs-grain des deux régions agricoles aux conditions climatiques, une série de données de rendements a été simulée pour la période future. Ces simulations ont été réalisées à l’aide d’un couplage de cinq scénarios climatiques et du modèle de culture CERES-Maize de « Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer » (DSSAT), version 4.0.2.0. En ce qui concerne l’évaluation de la « capacité adaptative » au cours de la période future, la construction des scénarios d’indicateurs de cette composante a été effectuée selon l’influence potentielle des grandes orientations économiques et environnementales considérées dans l’élaboration des lignes directrices des deux familles d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) A2 et A1B. L’application de la démarche méthodologique préalablement mentionnée a conduit aux principaux résultats suivants. Au cours de la période de référence, la région agricole du Lac-St-Jean-Est semblait être plus vulnérable aux conditions climatiques que celle de Montérégie-Ouest. En effet, le coefficient de variation des rendements du maïs-grain pour la région du Lac-St-Jean-Est était évalué à 0,35; tandis que celui pour la région de Montérégie-Ouest n’était que de 0,23. Toutefois, par rapport aux conditions socio-économiques, la région de Montérégie-Ouest affichait une vulnérabilité plus élevée que celle du Lac-St-Jean-Est. Les valeurs des coefficients de variation pour les superficies en maïs-grain au cours de la période de référence pour la Montérégie-Ouest et le Lac-St-Jean-Est étaient de 0,66 et 0,48, respectivement. Au cours de la période future 2010-2039, la région du Lac-St-Jean-Est serait, dans l’ensemble, toujours plus vulnérable aux conditions climatiques que celle de Montérégie-Ouest. Les valeurs moyennes des coefficients de variation pour les rendements agricoles anticipés fluctuent entre 0,21 et 0,25 pour la région de Montérégie-Ouest et entre 0,31 et 0,50 pour la région du Lac-St-Jean-Est. Néanmoins, en matière de vulnérabilité future aux conditions socio-économiques, la position relative des deux régions serait fonction du scénario de capacité adaptative considéré. Avec les orientations économiques et environnementales considérées dans l’élaboration des lignes directrices de la famille d’émission de GES A2, les indicateurs de capacité adaptative du secteur à l’étude seraient respectivement de 0,13 et 0,08 pour la Montérégie-Ouest et le Lac-St-Jean-Est. D’autre part, en considérant les lignes directrices de la famille d’émission de GES A1B, la région agricole du Lac-St-Jean-Est aurait une capacité adaptative légèrement supérieure (0,07) à celle de la Montérégie-Ouest (0,06). De façon générale, au cours de la période future, la région du Lac-St-Jean-Est devrait posséder une vulnérabilité globale plus élevée que la région de Montérégie-Ouest. Cette situation s’expliquerait principalement par une plus grande vulnérabilité de la région du Lac-St-Jean-Est aux conditions climatiques. Les résultats de cette étude doivent être appréciés dans le contexte des postulats considérés, de la méthodologie suivie et des spécificités des deux régions agricoles examinées. Essentiellement, avec l’adoption d’une démarche méthodologique simple, cette étude a révélé les caractéristiques « dynamique et relative » du concept de vulnérabilité, l’importance de l’échelle géographique et de la prise en compte d’autres sources de pression et surtout de la considération d’une approche contraire à celle du « agriculteur réfractaire aux changements » dans les travaux d’évaluation de ce concept dans le secteur agricole. Finalement, elle a aussi présenté plusieurs pistes de recherche susceptibles de contribuer à une meilleure évaluation de la vulnérabilité des agriculteurs aux changements climatiques dans un contexte de multiples sources de pression. / The undertaking of vulnerability studies in relation to climatic change and vulnerability at the international and national levels renders them less relevant to a decision-making process at smaller spatial scales where specific response strategies are implemented. Vulnerability studies to climatic change and variability at relatively small geographic scales within the agriculture sector are rare in general, and even nonexistent in Canada, including Quebec. In order to fill in this gap and to contribute to a better decision-making process at the farm level, this study aimed at presenting a description and analysis of the evolution of grain corn growers’ vulnerability to climatic change and variability and other stressors within the Montérégie-Ouest and Lac-St-Jean-Est regions. A general methodology consisting of an assessment of farmers’ overall vulnerability by combining vulnerability profiles to climate and socio-economic conditions has been considered. For the reference period (1985-2005), vulnerability profiles were constructed by analyzing the variation coefficients of grain corn yields and crop area data. By means of ethnographic methods associated with a multicriteria analysis technique, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), adaptive capacity indices of the agriculture sector have been elaborated upon for the reference period. These indices have then been used as a starting point in the construction of scenario indices of future adaptive capacity of farmers for the future period 2010-2039. For this future period (2010-2039), vulnerability profiles for both regions have been created using a simplified version of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conceptual framework on the components of vulnerability. For the « sensitivity » component of grain corn growers to climate conditions within the selected agricultural regions, a set of grain corn yields has been simulated using five climate scenarios coupled with CERES-Maize, one of the crop models embedded in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT 4.0.2.0 version) software. In regards to the evaluation of the « adaptive capacity » for the future period (2010-2039), the elaboration of indices for this component has been undertaken by considering the potential influence of the main economic and environmental drivers used in the development of the storylines for two greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios families, namely the A2 and A1B families. The application of the methodological approach mentioned above produced the following key results. For the reference period, the Lac-St-Jean-Est region appeared to be more vulnerable to climate conditions than Montérégie-Ouest region. The coefficient of variation for grain corn yields within the Lac-St-Jean-Est region was evaluated to be 0,35, while the value for the Montérégie-Ouest region was only 0,23. However, with respect to the socio-economic conditions, the Montérégie-Ouest region showed greater vulnerability than the Lac-St-Jean-Est region. The values of the coefficient of variation for the areas under grain corn during the reference period (1985-2005) within Montérégie-Ouest and Lac-St-Jean-Est were 0,66 and 0,48 respectively. For the future period (2010-2039), the Lac-St-Jean-Est region, once again, would seem to be more vulnerable to climate conditions than the Montérégie-Ouest region. The average values of the coefficient of variation for the simulated grain corn yields fluctuate between 0,21 and 0,25 for the Montérégie-Ouest region and between 0,31 and 0,50 for Lac-St-St-Jean-Est region. However, from a socio-economic perspective, the relative vulnerability status of both regions would seem to vary according to the scenario of adaptive capacity considered. With the economic and environmental drivers considered in the storylines of the A2 GHG emissions scenario family, the adaptive capacity indices for the sector under study would be 0,13 and 0,08 for Montérégie-Ouest and Lac-St-Jean-Est, respectively. On the other hand, by considering the economic and environmental drivers considered for the A1B GHG emissions scenario family, the Lac-St-Jean-Est agricultural region would appear to have an adaptive capacity slightly higher (0,07) than that of the Montérégie-Ouest region (0,06). In general, for the future period, the Lac-St-Jean-Est region would appear to have greater overall vulnerability than the Montérégie-Ouest. This situation can be explained mainly by a greater vulnerability of Lac-St-Jean-Est region to climate conditions. The results of this study have to be interpreted within the context of the assumptions considered, the methodology used, and the characteristics of the two regions under study. In general, using a simple methodological approach, this study revealed the « dynamic and relative » characteristics of the vulnerability concept, the importance of spatial scale and consideration of multiple stressors and the integration of an approach different to the commonly used« dumb-farmer » approach for the evaluation of this concept of vulnerability within the agriculture sector. Finally, this study has also identified some new research pathways likely to contribute to a better evaluation of farmers’ vulnerability to climate change in the context of multiple stressors.

The product development process for the automotive industry is normally complicated, lengthy, expensive, and risky. Hence, a study on a new concept for Low Volume Automotive Manufacturing (LVAM), used for niche car models manufacturing, is proposed to overcome this issue. The development of a hybrid Knowledge Based (KB) System, which is a blend of KB System, Gauging Absences of Pre-requisites (GAP), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed for LVAM research. The hybrid KB/GAP/AHP System identifies all potential elements of LVAM issues throughout the development of this system. The KB System used in the LVAM analyses the gap between the existing and the benchmark organisations for an effective implementation. The novelty and differences in the current research approach emphasises the use of Knowledge Based (KB) System in the planning and designing stages by suggesting recommendations of LVAM implementation, through: a) developing the conceptual LVAM model; b) designing the KBLVAM System structure based on the conceptual LVAM model; and c) embedding Gauging Absences of Pre-requisites (GAP) analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach in the hybrid KBLVAM System. The KBLVAM Model explores five major perspectives in two stages. Planning Stage (Stage 1) consists of Manufacturer Environment Perspective (Level 0), LVAM Manufacturer Business Perspective (Level 1), and LVAM Manufacturer Resource Perspective (Level 2). Design Stage (Stage 2) consists of LVAM Manufacturer Capability - Car Body Part Manufacturing Perspective (Level 3), LVAM Manufacturer Capability - Competitive Priorities Perspective (Level 4), and LVAM Manufacturer Capability - Lean Process Optimisation Perspective (Level 5). Each of these perspectives consists of modules and sub-modules that represent specific subjects in the LVAM development. Based on the conceptual LVAM model, all perspectives were transformed into the KBLVAM System structure, which is embedded with the GAP and AHP techniques, hence, key areas of potential improvement are recommended for each activity for LVAM implementation. In order to be able to address the real situation of LVAM environment, the research verification was conducted for two automotive manufacturers in Malaysia. Some published case studies were also used to check several modules for their validity and reliability. This research concludes that the developed KBLVAM System provides valuable decision making information and knowledge to assist LVAM practitioners to plan, design and implement LVAM in terms of business organisation, manufacturing aspects and practices.

Molntjänster spelar en betydande roll i dagens samhälle och används i såväl den privata sektorn som den offentliga. I och med den utbredda användningen har det ur ett organisationsperspektiv uppstått ett behov att utvärdera tjänsterna. Denna undersökning behandlar hur företags val av molntjänster går till i praktiken, vilka krav företag ställer på molntjänster, vilka krav företag anser vara viktigast, samt hur väl molntjänster lyckas bemöta dessa krav. Undersökningen utfördes genom intervjuer och en kvalitativ analys av tre företags situationer gällande molntjänster. Sammanfattningsvis dras slutsatsen att företagens val av molntjänstleverantör beror på en kombination av lock-ins och tidigare uppfattning av leverantören. Det visade sig att krav på säkerhet och foglighet var viktigast för alla tre företag, och att alla tre även rangordnat pålitlighet och tillförlitlighet som näst viktigast. Därefter skiljer sig rangordningen av kraven något mellan företagen, vilket bland annat beror på att deras kunder har olika krav på diverse faktorer. Vad gäller bemötandet av kraven från leverantören visade det sig att alla tre företag generellt upplever en stor nöjdhet för samtliga krav.

Atualmente existem diferentes definições para o conceito de fragilidade ambiental, o que dificulta sua aplicação e a comparação entre os resultados de diferentes métodos. Este trabalho realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática a cerca desse conceito e adota a definição considerada mais adequada. Com base na definição adotada foi proposto e aplicado um método para avaliar a fragilidade ambiental de uma área de estudo. Esse método utiliza pesos para ponderar os diferentes atributos (meio físico, biótico e socioeconômico) envolvidos na análise de fragilidade ambiental, que são definidos com a aplicação do Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP). O método proposto também se fundamenta na utilização de um programa de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) para a estruturação da base de dados, a realização das análises espaciais e a ponderação dos mapas necessários. A área de estudo corresponde a um setor do oleoduto São Paulo – Brasília (OSBRA), com extensão de 18,5 km e largura de 2 km (área total de 83,99 km²) e utilizou-se uma base cartográfica digital na escala 1:10.000. Foram realizadas vistorias de campo para levantar pontos de observação de superfície e para coletar amostras de solo. Realizaram-se ensaios geotécnicos, químicos e mineralógicos com as amostras coletadas. A aplicação do método consistiu na geração de mapas de suscetibilidade intermediários, que combinados geraram o mapa de fragilidade ambiental. Foi importante a utilização do método AHP, pois ele reduz a subjetividade das ponderações qualitativas realizadas. Os resultados obtidos esclarecem a definição do conceito de fragilidade ambiental, além de mostrar a importância da seleção e ponderação dos atributos utilizados no método. O mapa final gerado também permitiu avaliar a sensibilidade do método e seu potencial de aplicação prática. / Currently there are different definitions to the concept of environmental fragility; it complicates its application and makes difficult to compare between different methods. This work addresses the main definitions to this concept and adopts the one considered the most proper. Based in the adopted definition it was proposed a method to evaluate the environmental fragility of a study area. This method applies weights to the different attributes (physical, biotic and socioeconomic) related to the environmental fragility analysis, which are assigned using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The method also uses Geographic Information System (GIS) software to structure the database, to conduct the spatial analysis and to assign weights to the maps. The study area is a sector of the São Paulo – Brasília oil pipeline (OSBRA), covering 18.5 km length and 2 km wide (total area of 83,99 km²) and it was used a digital cartographic map at the scale of 1:10,000. Field trips were made to obtain surface observation points and to collect soil samples. Geological and geotechnical tests, mineralogical tests and chemistry analysis were conducted with the soil samples. The method application consists in generating intermediates susceptibility maps, that were combined to generate the environmental fragility map. It was important to use the AHP method, because it reduces the subjectivity of the qualitative weight assignment. The obtained results elucidate the environmental fragility concept and show the importance of the selection and weight assignment of the attributes used in the method. Moreover, the final map provided to evaluate the method sensitivity and its potential of practical application.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor um método para analisar a capacidade de absorção de uma região para um cluster industrial naval e um método para avaliação da intensidade da terceirização na indústria de construção e reparos navais (ICRN), assim como aplicá-lo para a região Norte do Brasil. Para tal, foi necessário caracterizar a cadeia de fornecimento de um cluster industrial naval, por meio da análise de similaridade com clusters de sucesso que apresentem características semelhantes a empresas que atuam na construção e no reparo naval da região norte do Brasil e também a empresas especializadas na construção de embarcações fluviais de carga. Na caracterização da cadeia de fornecimento foram considerados fatores como: os tipos de embarcações construídas; o porte das embarcações; as demanda de construção e reparo; o tipo de organização; as ações do Governo; e a interação entre membros atuantes. Após a caracterização da cadeia de um cluster de sucesso, foi levantado o perfil das empresas que atuam na cadeia de fornecimento da Indústria de Construção Naval (ICN) da Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB), para melhor entendimento da demanda local, de forma a mapear o processo interativo entre compradores (estaleiros, armadores e terceirizadas) e fornecedores (nacionais e internacionais), com base em dados primários obtidos através da aplicação de questionários. Além da caracterização, é proposto um método para análise da capacidade de absorção da região norte do Brasil para um cluster industrial naval, baseado em uma análise de viabilidade técnica da ICRN para os tipos de embarcações demandadas; uma análise de viabilidade econômica e a sua respectiva competitividade, fazendo analogia com clusters industriais marítimos bem-sucedidos. Para análise da competitividade, utilizou-se o modelo do diamante de Porter adaptado para ICRN regional, balizado pelos fatores encontrados por Moura (2011) para a competitividade da ICN, avaliadas como relevantes para o caso em análise e os elementos propostos por Pinto (2016) para a estruturação de um cluster de sucesso. Após o estudo de caso da capacidade de absorção proposta à RMB, foi realizado, por meio da proposição de um método para a análise, fundamentada em modelos consagrados na literatura, um estudo da influência da terceirização sob a ótica da subcontratação no processo de desenvolvimento industrial, levando em conta a disponibilidade; a qualidade do fornecimento; o prazo; e a comparação de custos, através da aplicação de questionários com os representantes dos principais estaleiros da região, dos seus principais fornecedores; e dos representantes dos órgãos de classe. O terceiro objetivo foi a análise da intensidade da cadeia terceirizada na RMB, por meio de uma adaptação metodológica para a ICN, assim como a análise, se a região é capaz de suportar um cluster ou simplesmente ampliar sua cadeia terceirizada. Por fim, é desenvolvido um modelo consistente através do método de tomada de decisão multicritério genérico, via abordagem integrada AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) e PROMETHEE, para a seleção de atividades a serem terceirizadas na ICN, com um estudo de caso no Estado do Pará. / This work aims to propose a method to analyze the absorption capacity of a region for a naval industrial cluster and a method to evaluate the intensity of outsourcing in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry (ICRN), as well as to apply it to the North region of Brazil. For this, it was necessary to characterize the supply chain of a naval industrial cluster, through the analysis of similarity with successful clusters that present similar characteristics to companies that works in the shipbuilding and ship repair of the northern region of Brazil, as well as specialized companies in the construction of inland waterway vessels. In the characterization of the supply chain were considered factors such as: the types of vessels built; the size of the vessels; demand for construction and repair; type of organization; Government actions; and interaction between active members. After the characterization of the chain of a successful cluster, the profile of the companies that operate in the supply chain of the Shipbuilding Industry (ICN) of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB) was surveyed, in order to better understand the local demand, to mapping the interactive process between buyers (shipyards, shipowners and subcontractors) and suppliers (national and international), based on primary data obtained through the application of questionnaires. Besides the characterization is proposed a method for analyzing the absortion capacity of the northern region of Brazil to a naval industrial cluster, where it was based on a technical feasibility analysis of the shipbuilding and repair market industry demanded of vessels; an economic feasibility analysis and their respective competitiveness, making analogy with successful maritime industrial clusters. In order to analyze competitiveness, the Porter diamond model adapted to regional ICRN was used, based on the factors found by Moura (2011) for the competitiveness of the ICN, evaluated as relevant for the case under analysis and the elements proposed by Pinto (2016) for structuring a successful cluster. After the case study of the absorptive capacity proposed to the RMB, a study of the outsourcing influence from the point of view of subcontracting in the process of industrial development was carried out by proposing a method for the analysis, based on models established in the literature, taking into account availability; quality of supply; the deadline; and the comparison of costs, through the application of questionnaires with the representatives of the main shipyards in the region, of its main suppliers; and representatives of the class organs. The third objective was the analysis of the intensity of the outsourced chain in the RMB, through a methodological adaptation to the ICN, as well as the analysis, if the region is able to support a cluster or simply extend its outsourced chain. A model is then developed through the generic multicriteria decision-making method, through an integrated AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and PROMETHEE approach, for the selection of activities to be outsourced at ICN, with a case study in the State of Pará.

Uma solução para a preservação das águas é o investimento em saneamento e no tratamento do esgoto sanitário, que é realizado por meio de estações de tratamento de esgoto. Todavia, a escolha do sistema de tratamento a ser implantado em um município deve atender aos requisitos técnicos, ambientais, sociais e econômicos do mesmo. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi validar e avaliar a aplicabilidade de um modelo de tomada de decisão para escolha de sistema de tratamento de esgoto sanitário de menor custo econômico desenvolvido por Oliveira (2004). Este modelo elabora o dimensionamento de oito sistemas de tratamento e, a partir desses dados, faz a estimativa do custo de implantação, manutenção e operação de cada sistema. Para esta avaliação, foram realizadas entrevistas em órgãos relacionados a saneamento no Brasil, bem como com tomadores de decisão e especialistas em saneamento, a fim de coletar os dados necessários para aplicação de testes com o modelo. No total, foram coletados dados de 61 projetos de estações de tratamento de esgoto, os quais foram utilizados nos testes realizados. Durante a avaliação do modelo, foram utilizadas técnicas como simulação, análise hierárquica de processos e equilíbrio de Nash, além de serem realizados ajustes nos custos do modelo, nas variáveis utilizadas, nos sistemas de tratamento, dentre outras, totalizando 12 novas versões até a final, denominada ETEX-FEARP. Com base nas análises realizadas neste trabalho, considera-se o modelo adequado para proporcionar uma visão global no planejamento dos investimentos, bem como para estudos de concepções de estações de tratamento, auxiliando o tomador de decisão na escolha do sistema, com base em critérios econômicos, ambientais e técnicos. / A solution for the preservation of the water is the investment in sanitation and in the treatment of sanitary sewer, which is accomplished through sewer treatment stations. However, the choice of the treatment system to be implanted in a municipal district should meet its technical, environmental, social and economical requirements. The main objective of this research was to validate and to evaluate the applicability of a decision making model to choose the system of sanitary sewer treatment with the lowest economical cost developed by Oliveira (2004). This model elaborates the sizing of eight treatment systems, and then it estimates the implantation cost, maintenance and operation of each system. For this evaluation, interviews were performed in institutions related to sanitation in Brazil, as well as with decision makers and specialists in sanitation, in order to collect the necessary data for application of tests with the model. In the total, data from 61 projects of sewer treatment stations were collected, which were used in the accomplished tests. During the evaluation of the model, techniques such as simulation, hierarchical analysis of processes and Nash equilibrium were used. In addition, changes have been made in the costs of the model, in the used variables, in the treatment systems, among others, totaling 12 new versions, and the final version, was denominated \"ETEX-FEARP\". Based on the analysis done in this research, the model is considered appropriate to provide a global vision in the planning of the investments, as well as for studies of conceptions of treatment stations, helping the decision maker choose the system, based on economical, environmental and technical criteria.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:04:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Nenhuma / No contexto de organizações humanas, o processo de avaliação de desempenho tem merecido a atenção de praticantes e pesquisadores, pois, pela avaliação de desempenho, a empresa pode identificar diferenciais que as ajudem a serem mais competitivas. Para tanto, o rápido desenvolvimento de produtos, integração de informações, tecnologias de comunicação avançadas, customização de produtos e coordenação de redes de suprimentos, vêm forçando as empresas à tomada de decisões mais rápidas. O uso de métodos qualitativos de apoio à decisão pode contribuir para reduzir riscos e gerenciar incertezas nesta tomada de decisão mais rápida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um estudo de caso no qual foi desenvolvido e testado um método de análise das preferências dos gestores de operações logísticas empresariais internas. O resultado da aplicação do método foi comparado com o resultado de algumas decisões tomadas na empresa. A metodologia de pesquisa contou com um grupo focado, formado pelos gestores da logística in / The context of human organizations, researchers and professionals has considered a lot the process of performance evaluation, once it provides to the company to identify differentials which can help them to be more competitive. Therefore, the fast development of products, information integration, advanced communication technologies, customization of products and coordination of supply nets, is forcing the companies to take faster decisions. The use of qualitative method of support to the decision, may contribute to reduce risks and manage uncertainties in this faster decision taking. The objective of the present work was to present a case study in which was developed and tested an analysis method of the preferences of the internal entrepreneurial logistic operations managers. The result of the method’s application was compared to the result of some decisions taken in the company. The research methodology reckoned with a focus group formed by the company’s internal logistic managers, involving the supply, prod