O uso de biomateriais para acelerar reparos de fraturas ósseas tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Neste estudo, as propriedades piezelétricas do fluoreto de polivinilideno foram utilizadas com a finalidade de mimetizar os potenciais bioelétricos associados à deformação óssea, que são diminuídos quando ocorre fratura óssea. Estudos histomorfométricos foram efetuados para verificar a influência do polímero. Testes de biocompatibilidade e de esterilização permitiram avaliar os riscos da utilização do polímero como material de implante. O polímero piezelétrico associado à placa de osteossíntese resultou em uma maior quantidade de matriz óssea mineralizada na lesão quando comparado ao implante da placa sem o polímero. / The use of biomaterials to promote accelerated bone fracture repair has been improved in the recent years. In the present study, the piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) were used with the aim of mimetizing bioelectrical potentials associated to bone strain which decrease when a bone fracture occurs. Histomorphometric studies were accomplished to verify the influence of the polymer. Biocompatibility and sterilization tests assessed any risk related to the use of a polymer as an implantable material. The piezoelectric polymer associated to an osteosynthesis plate resulted in a larger amount of mineralized bone matrix in the lesion when compared to a plate implanted without the polymer.

<p>Loosening of implants is a frequent complication in orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate hydroxyapatite coating of pedicle screws with mechanical and histological methods and to correlate the results with the radiological findings.</p><p>Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of pedicle screws was investigated in experimental studies in sheep. Nine sheep were operated on with destabilising laminectomies at L2-L3 and L4-L5 and stabilised with pedicle screw instrumentations, where HA coated and uncoated screws were used in a randomised fashion. After both 6 and 12 weeks of implantation, the HA coated screws demonstrated a higher bone-to-implant contact and a higher amount of bone in the area close to the screw. The pull-out resistance, stiffness and total energy to failure was higher for the HA coated screws after 12 weeks of implantation.</p><p>HA coating of pedicle screws was examined in two clinical studies. In the first series, the patients were stabilised with pedicle screw instrumentations, where HA coated screws were used in either the upper or lower instrumented level in a randomised fashion. After 10-22 months of implantation, the extraction torque was markedly higher for the HA coated screws. In the second series, instrumentations with uncoated, partly HA coated or fully HA coated screws were used. After 11-16 months implantation, the extraction torques were recorded. There were significant differences between all three groups, with the lowest extraction torques for the uncoated screws and the highest torques for the fully HA coated screws. The frequency of radiolucent zones surrounding the screws was higher for the uncoated screws than for the HA coated screws.</p><p>Radiographs from both experimental and clinical studies were examined. Screws demonstrating radiolucent zones were compared to screws without zones with respect to pull-out resistance, extraction torque, bone-to-implant contact and amount of bone surrounding the screws. All these variables demonstrated higher values for the screws without radiolucent zones. The frequency of radiolucent zones surrounding uncoated screws in the clinical study was 53%.</p><p>Conclusions: Radiolucent zones are good predictors of screw loosening. The frequency of radiolucent zones is higher than previously described. Hydroxyapatite coating improves the purchase of pedicle screws and reduces the frequency of screw loosening.</p>

Loosening of implants is a frequent complication in orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate hydroxyapatite coating of pedicle screws with mechanical and histological methods and to correlate the results with the radiological findings. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of pedicle screws was investigated in experimental studies in sheep. Nine sheep were operated on with destabilising laminectomies at L2-L3 and L4-L5 and stabilised with pedicle screw instrumentations, where HA coated and uncoated screws were used in a randomised fashion. After both 6 and 12 weeks of implantation, the HA coated screws demonstrated a higher bone-to-implant contact and a higher amount of bone in the area close to the screw. The pull-out resistance, stiffness and total energy to failure was higher for the HA coated screws after 12 weeks of implantation. HA coating of pedicle screws was examined in two clinical studies. In the first series, the patients were stabilised with pedicle screw instrumentations, where HA coated screws were used in either the upper or lower instrumented level in a randomised fashion. After 10-22 months of implantation, the extraction torque was markedly higher for the HA coated screws. In the second series, instrumentations with uncoated, partly HA coated or fully HA coated screws were used. After 11-16 months implantation, the extraction torques were recorded. There were significant differences between all three groups, with the lowest extraction torques for the uncoated screws and the highest torques for the fully HA coated screws. The frequency of radiolucent zones surrounding the screws was higher for the uncoated screws than for the HA coated screws. Radiographs from both experimental and clinical studies were examined. Screws demonstrating radiolucent zones were compared to screws without zones with respect to pull-out resistance, extraction torque, bone-to-implant contact and amount of bone surrounding the screws. All these variables demonstrated higher values for the screws without radiolucent zones. The frequency of radiolucent zones surrounding uncoated screws in the clinical study was 53%. Conclusions: Radiolucent zones are good predictors of screw loosening. The frequency of radiolucent zones is higher than previously described. Hydroxyapatite coating improves the purchase of pedicle screws and reduces the frequency of screw loosening.

Bone resorption involves osteoclast-mediated acidification via a vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) found in lysosomes and at the ruffled border membrane. V-ATPases are proton pumps that include the a3 subunit, one of four isoforms (a1-a4) in mammals. The a3 isoform is enriched in osteoclasts where it is essential for bone resorption. Over 50% of humans with osteopetrosis have mutations in the a3 subunit and a3 mutations in mouse also result in osteopetrosis. A mouse founder with an osteopetrotic phenotype was identified in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen. This mouse bears a dominant missense mutation in the Tcirg1 gene that encodes the a3 subunit resulting in the replacement of a highly conserved amino acid, arginine 740, with serine (R740S). The heterozygous mice (+/R740S) exhibit high bone density but otherwise have a normal appearance, size and weight. Osteoblast parameters are unaffected whereas osteoclast number and marker expression are increased along with a decreased number of apoptotic osteoclasts. V-ATPases from +/R740S osteoclast membranes have severely reduced proton transport along with wild type levels of ATP hydrolysis, indicating that the R740S mutation uncouples ATP hydrolysis from proton transport. The mutation however has no effect on ruffled border formation or polarization of +/R740S osteoclasts. Mice homozygous for R740S (R740S/R740S) have more severe osteopetrosis than +/R740S mice and die by postnatal day 14. Similarly to the mouse models that lack the a3 subunit (oc/oc and Tcirg1-/-) R740S/R740S osteoclasts do not polarize and lack ruffled border membranes. However R740S/R740S osteoclasts exhibit unique phenotypic traits, including increased apoptosis and defective early stage autophagy. Intracellular and extracellular acidification is absent in R740S/R740S osteoclasts, providing evidence for a requirement for lysosomal acidification for cytoplasmic distribution of key osteoclast enzymes such as TRAP and other important osteoclast phenotypic traits. This work provides evidence that the a3 subunit of V-ATPases and the proton pumping function of a3-containing V-ATPases play a major role in osteoclast survival, maturation and function.

Bone resorption involves osteoclast-mediated acidification via a vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) found in lysosomes and at the ruffled border membrane. V-ATPases are proton pumps that include the a3 subunit, one of four isoforms (a1-a4) in mammals. The a3 isoform is enriched in osteoclasts where it is essential for bone resorption. Over 50% of humans with osteopetrosis have mutations in the a3 subunit and a3 mutations in mouse also result in osteopetrosis. A mouse founder with an osteopetrotic phenotype was identified in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen. This mouse bears a dominant missense mutation in the Tcirg1 gene that encodes the a3 subunit resulting in the replacement of a highly conserved amino acid, arginine 740, with serine (R740S). The heterozygous mice (+/R740S) exhibit high bone density but otherwise have a normal appearance, size and weight. Osteoblast parameters are unaffected whereas osteoclast number and marker expression are increased along with a decreased number of apoptotic osteoclasts. V-ATPases from +/R740S osteoclast membranes have severely reduced proton transport along with wild type levels of ATP hydrolysis, indicating that the R740S mutation uncouples ATP hydrolysis from proton transport. The mutation however has no effect on ruffled border formation or polarization of +/R740S osteoclasts. Mice homozygous for R740S (R740S/R740S) have more severe osteopetrosis than +/R740S mice and die by postnatal day 14. Similarly to the mouse models that lack the a3 subunit (oc/oc and Tcirg1-/-) R740S/R740S osteoclasts do not polarize and lack ruffled border membranes. However R740S/R740S osteoclasts exhibit unique phenotypic traits, including increased apoptosis and defective early stage autophagy. Intracellular and extracellular acidification is absent in R740S/R740S osteoclasts, providing evidence for a requirement for lysosomal acidification for cytoplasmic distribution of key osteoclast enzymes such as TRAP and other important osteoclast phenotypic traits. This work provides evidence that the a3 subunit of V-ATPases and the proton pumping function of a3-containing V-ATPases play a major role in osteoclast survival, maturation and function.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A estimulação elétrica de baixa intensidade (EE) tem sido utilizada para o reparo ósseo, mas pouco se sabe sobre seus efeitos no tecido ósseo após a menopausa. Os osteócitos provavelmente desempenham um importante papel mediando este estímulo físico, e poderiam agir como transdutores através da liberação de sinais bioquímicos como o óxido nítrico (NO). O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da EE no metabolismo ósseo de ratas ovarectomizadas, e se o NO poderia ser um mediador destes efeitos. Sessenta ratas (200-220g) foram divididas em 6 grupos: SHAM; SHAM tratado com 6mg/d de L-NAME, um inibidor da NO sintase (SHAM-L-NAME); ovarectomizado (OVX); OVX tratado com L-NAME (OVX-L-NAME) ou submetido a uma estimulação elétrica no corpo todo do animal (OVX-EE) ou ambos (OVX-EE-L-NAME) por 12 semanas. A densidade mineral óssea (DMO) global, de coluna e membro posterior foram medidas através de densitometria óssea antes e ao final do protocolo. Após o sacrifício, as tíbias foram retiradas para análises histomorfométricas e imunohistoquímicas. A apoptose de osteócitos (técnicas de caspase-3 e TUNEL) e expressões da NO sintase endotelial (eNOS) e indutível (iNOS) foram analisadas por imunohistoquímica. As ratas OVX demonstraram significante (p<0.05 vs SHAM) diminuição da DMO final global, de coluna e de membro posterior, medidas por densitometria, redução de volume ósseo (10% vs 25%) e número de trabéculas (1.7 vs 3.9), e aumento das superfícies de reabsorção (4.7% vs 3.2%) e mineralização (15.9% vs 7.7%), medidas por histomorfometria. No entanto, após a EE, todos estes parâmetros foram semelhantes aos valores do grupo SHAM e significantemente diferentes de OVX. A EE não foi capaz de prevenir a redução de volume ósseo e número de trabéculas causadas pela OVX na presença de L-NAME (OVX-L-NAME vs OVXEE-L-NAME), como o fez na ausência deste inibidor da NOS. Porém, o L-NAME não bloqueou os efeitos da EE na reabsorção óssea (superfícies de reabsorção e de osteoclastos) em ratas OVX. A eNOS e iNOS foram: expressas de forma semelhante no córtex das tíbias de SHAM, não expressas em OVX, e similarmente expressas em OVX-EE quando comparadas ao SHAM. As expressões de eNOS e iNOS não foram detectadas no tecido ósseo de nenhum grupo tratado com L-NAME. Nas ratas OVX, a porcentagem de osteócitos apoptóticos (24%) foi significantemente maior do que em SHAM (11%) e OVX-EE (8%). Todos os grupos tratados com L-NAME tiveram uma diminuição na porcentagem de osteócitos apoptóticos. Assim, nosso estudo evidenciou que a EE previne alguns efeitos causados pela OVX no tecido ósseo preservando a DMO, estrutura e microarquitetura ósseas, expressão de eNOS e iNOS e viabilidade de osteócitos. Além disso, foi demonstrado que o L-NAME bloqueia parcialmente os efeitos da EE na estrutura óssea (mas não na reabsorção) e na expressão de eNOS e iNOS em ratas OVX, sugerindo que o NO possa ser um mediador dos efeitos positivos da EE no tecido ósseo. No entanto, não foi possível identificar se os efeitos positivos da EE na viabilidade de osteócitos foram mediados pelo NO, pois os efeitos do L-NAME nestas células foram semelhantes àqueles causados pela EE. / Low Intensity Electrical Stimulation (LIES) has been used for bone repair but little is known about its effects on bone after menopause. Osteocytes probably play a role in mediating this physical stimulus and they could act as transducers through the release of biochemical signals, such as nitric oxide (NO). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LIES on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats, and if NO could be a mediator of these effects. Sixty rats (200-220g) were divided into 6 groups: SHAM; SHAM treated with 6mg/d of LNAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase (SHAM-L-NAME); ovariectomized (OVX); OVX treated with L-NAME (OVX-L-NAME) or subjected to a whole body electrical stimulation (OVX-LIES) or both (OVX-LIES-L-NAME) for 12 weeks. Global, spine and posterior limb bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by bone densitometry before and at the end of protocol. After sacrifice, tibias were collected for histomorphometric and immunohistochemistry analysis. Osteocyte apoptosis (caspase-3 and TUNEL techniques) and expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were assessed by immunostaining. OVX rats showed significant (p<0.05 vs SHAM) decreased final global, spine and limb BMDs, measured by densitometry, decreased bone volume (10% vs 25%) and trabecular number (1.7 vs 3.9), and increased eroded surfaces (4.7% vs 3.2%) and mineralization surfaces (15.9% vs 7.7%), measured by histomorphometry. In contrast, after LIES, all these parameters tended to be similar to SHAM and significantly different from OVX. LIES was not able to prevent the reduction of bone volume and trabecular number caused by OVX in the presence of L-NAME (OVX-L-NAME vs OVX-LIES-L-NAME), as it did in the absence of this NOS inhibitor. However, L-NAME did not block the effects of LIES on bone resorption (eroded surface and osteoclasts surface) in OVX rats. eNOS and iNOS were: similarly expressed in tibiae cortices of SHAM, not expressed in OVX and correspondingly expressed in OVX+LIES when compared to SHAM. eNOS and iNOS expressions were not detected on bone of none of L-NAME treated groups. In OVX, the percentage of apoptotic osteocytes (24%) was significantly increased when compared to SHAM (11%) and OVX-LIES (8%). All LNAME treated groups showed a diminished percentage of apoptotic osteocytes. In conclusion, our study showed that LIES counteracts some effects of OVX on bone tissue preserving BMD, bone structure and microarchitecture, iNOS and eNOS expression and osteocyte viability. Moreover, it was demonstrated that L-NAME partially blocks the effects of LIES on bone structure (but not on bone resorption) and on iNOS and eNOS expressions in OVX rats, suggesting that NO may be a mediator of the positive effects of LIES on bone. However, it was not possible to identify if the known positive effects of LIES on osteocyte viability were mediated by NO, since the effects of L-NAME on these cells were similar to those caused by LIES. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM) têm elevadas taxas de disfunção erétil (ED). Diversos estudos examinaram esta associação. A associação entre o processo de hipertrofia vascular diabética e o grau de comprometimento dos seios cavernosos é pouco estudada. A proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar a estrutura vascular do tecido erétil de coelhos diabéticos e coelhos normais, através de histomorfometria computadorizada da artéria dorsal do pênis e dos seios vasculares cavernosos em ambos os grupos. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos adultos machos da raça Nova Zelândia, divididos em dois grupos com 10 animais cada, o grupo diabético (GD) e o grupo controle (GC). Os animais foram previamente anestesiados e os coelhos do grupo GD receberam aloxano na dose de 100mg/kg, via endovenosa para indução da diabetes. Após 10 semanas, os animais foram mortos e os pênis retirados. Fragmentos do pênis foram fixados em formalina tamponada durante 24-48 horas e processados para parafina. Para análise imunohistoquímica e identificação das fibras musculares lisas, foi utilizado o anticorpo anti alfa-actina. Foram feitas análises da espessura média das túnicas íntima e média da parede da artéria dorsal do pênis (ADP), densidade nuclear na túnica média e avaliação por microscopia de polarização do conteúdo colágeno na túnica adventícia. Na túnica íntima foram observadas vacuolizações no endotélio. Os valores encontrados para espessura de GC e GD foram respectivamente (em m): 35,0123,177 e 44,3308,434 (P=0,0350). Foi encontrada diferença na área média da parede da ADP (P=0,0179). Para densidade nuclear GC 0,0071540,001954 núcleos/&#956;m e GD 0,0048080,002069 núcleos/&#956;m (P=0,0855). Foram observadas mudanças na birrefringência das fibras colágenas na túnica adventícia, passando de alaranjado no grupo GC para esverdeado no grupo GD, indicando a mudança em sua espessura. A área ocupada pelos seios cavernosos apresentou diminuição significativa de 37 % no grupo diabético (P=0,0013). Este conjunto de alterações sugere que a hiperglicemia crônica provocada pelo diabetes levou a um processo de hipertrofia da musculatura lisa na parede vascular e nas trabéculas do corpo cavernoso, com diminuição da área dos seios, o que possivelmente altera as propriedades hemodinâmicas do órgão / Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a high incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED). Several epidemiological studies have assessed the correlation between DM and ED. Evaluation of animal models demonstrated that neural and vascular changes seen with DM may be associated with ED. Vascular diseases such as microangiopathy, atherosclerosis, and hypertension are often observed in patients with DM. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological changes of penile vascular structures and the corpus cavernosum area in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Twenty male rabbits (2 months old) were divided into two groups with 10 rabbits each, the control group (CG) and the diabetic group (DG). The animals from the DG received an intravenous injection of alloxan (100mg/kg) to induce DM. Ten weeks after the induction of DM, all animals were euthanized. Two fragments of the penile shaft were harvested and samples were processed and paraffin embedded. Sections (5&#61549;m) were cut and stained for histological and immunohistochemical markers. Nuclear protrusion toward the lumen, and cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed in the tunica intima of the dorsal artery of the penis in DG. The thicknesses of the tunica media increased significantly from 35.013,17 m in DG to 44.338,43 m in DG (p=0,0350). Was also observed a significant increase in the area of the tunica media (p=0,0179). There was no significant change in smooth muscle cell density in the tunica media of the dorsal artery of the penis (p=0,0855). The collagen fiber pattern of the tunica adventitia of the dorsal artery of the penis was different between the control and diabetic groups. There was a decrease of 37% in the area occupied by the cavernous sinuses in DG, and the difference between CG and DG was significant (p = 0.0013). Alloxan-induced DM in rabbits promotes important changes in penile vascular structures, thereby decreasing blood supply and affecting penile hemodynamics, leading to erectile dysfunction

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vicentini_cr_me_araca.pdf: 492962 bytes, checksum: 35594dbc59fd4b949ff25f49aa1194b7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Diversas situações provocam alterações significativas na estrutura óssea, tais como a permanência de astronautas no espaço, imobilizações ortopédicas e permanência prolongada de pacientes em leito. A atividade física é contra medida para a recuperação dessas alterações causadas no sistema ósseo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da suspensão, do treinamento físico e da movimentação livre, através de análises biomecânicas, densitométricas e histomorfométricas em terço médio de fêmures de ratos. Foram utilizados setenta e cinco ratos machos, distribuídos em cinco grupos experimentais. Destes, dois utilizados como controle CI (21 dias) e CII (42 dias) e três suspensos por 21 dias. Dos suspensos um foi sacrificado logo após a suspensão, S, outro foi submetido a período de atividade física em esteira por 21 dias, SE, e o terceiro à movimentação livre por 21 dias, SL. A análise biomecânica não expressou diferenças significativas nos grupos SE e SL em nenhum dos parâmetros analisados (Força Máxima, Rigidez e Resiliência), já o grupo S apresentou redução significativas em todas as propriedades mecânicas estudadas. Na análise de densidade óssea, pelo Principio de Arquimedes, encontrou-se diferença significativa entre o grupo S e CI e em relação aos grupos SE e SL. Ocorreu diferença entre o grupo SE e SL. Na densidade óssea, pela Densitometria Radiográfica, o grupo S diferiu do CI, SE e SL e não ocorreu diferença entre os grupos SE e SL. A espessura óssea compacta pela análise histomorfométrica não sugeriu diferença significativa entre os grupos analisados. A suspensão de ratos pela cauda provocou reduções importantes nos valores de propriedades mecânicas e densitométricas do osso, o treinamento físico em esteira foi mais eficiente que a movimentação livre apenas na variável de densidade óssea pelo Princípio de Arquimedes. / Different situations provoke significant alterations in bone structure. The permanence of astronauts in the space, orthopedics immobilizations and drawn out permanence of patients in stream bed. The physical activity is against measure for the recovery of these alterations caused in the bone system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the suspension, the physical training and the released movement, through biomechanical, densitometry and histomorphometry analyses in mid third of femurs of rats. Seventy-five male rats were used, distributed in five experimental groups. Of these, two were used as control CI (21 days) and CII (42 days) three were suspended by 21 days. One of the suspended groups, S, was sacrificed soon after suspension, other one was submitted to 21 days treadmill physical exercise, SE, and the third group was submitted to 21 days released walking, SL. The biomechanical analysis did not express significant differences in SE and SL groups in none of the analyzed parameters (Maximum Force, Rigidity and Resilience), the S group presented significant reduction in all the mechanical properties analyzed. In the bone density analysis by Archimedes method, significant difference between group S and CI and in relation to groups SE and SL were found. Differences between group SE and SL occurred. In bone density, by Radiographic Densitometry, group S differed from the CI, SE and SL and did not occur difference between SE and SL groups. The histomorphometry analyses had not suggested significant differences between the analyzed groups. The suspension of rats by the tail provoked important reductions in the values of mechanical properties and densitometry of the bone tissue, the treadmill physical training was more efficient than the released walking only in the variable of bone density by Archimedes Method.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 safilho_og_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 780633 bytes, checksum: a3331bb4d14fe517521b9c8184662c1e (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a histomorfometria uterina, a expressão gênica endometrial de ER, PR, OTR, COX-1 e COX-2, e a expressão protéica de ER e PR (porcentagem de núcleos positivos e intensidade de coloração dos núcleos positivos, em unidades arbitrárias [UA], à imunohistoquímica) em vacas em anestro ao longo do desenvolvimento da onda folicular. Vacas Nelore primíparas em anestro pós-parto foram avaliadas diariamente por ultrassonografia ovariana, visando acompanhar o desenvolvimento folicular, e submetidas à histerectomia quando o folículo dominante atingiu o diâmetro de 7,0 mm (FP; n = 4), 8,5 mm (FM; n = 4) ou 10,0 mm (FG; n = 4). Um grupo adicional (PRO; n = 4) consistiu em vacas submetidas a remoção de bezerros (RB; 48 h) quando o folículo dominante atingiu o diâmetro de 9,5 mm e histerectomizadas ao final da RB. Os dados foram analisados pelo PROC GLM do programa SAS. A concentração sérica de estradiol no dia da histerectomia foi maior nas vacas do grupo PRO em relação aos demais grupos (FP: 0,7 pg/mL; FM: 0,8 pg/mL; FG: 1,1 pg/mL; PRO: 2,9 pg/mL; P < 0,05). Não houve efeito de grupo (P > 0,1) nas variáveis histomorfométricas e na expressão gênica endometrial de ER, PR, OTR, COX-1 e COX-2. As vacas do grupo PRO apresentaram maior intensidade de coloração dos núcleos positivos para ER nas células epiteliais glandulares superficiais (FP: 75,9 UA; FM: 75,2 UA; FG: 71,5 UA; PRO: 88,5 UA), intensidade de coloração dos núcleos positivos para PR nas células epiteliais glandulares profundas (FP: 70,2 UA; FM: 73,1 UA; FG: 69,2 UA; PRO: 85,7 UA) e porcentagem de núcleos positivos para PR no estroma subepitelial superficial (FP: 58,2%; FM: 58,0%; FG: 57,3%; PRO: 63,4) em relação às vacas dos demais grupos (P < 0,05). As vacas dos grupos FG e PRO apresentaram maior porcentagem de núcleos positivos para ER no estroma... / The objective of this study was to evaluate the uterine histomorphometry, gene expression of ER, PR, OTR, COX-1 and COX-2, and protein expressions of ER and PR (percentage of positive nuclei and staining intensity of positive nuclei, in arbitrary units [AU], at immunohistochemistry) in anestrous cows throughout the development of a follicular wave. Primiparous postpartum anestrous Nelore cows were evaluated daily by ovarian ultrasonography and submitted to hysterectomy when the dominant follicle reached the diameter of 7.0 mm (FP; n = 4), 8.5 mm (FM; n = 4), or 10.0 mm (FG; n = 4). An additional group (PRO; n = 4) consisted in cows submitted to temporary weaning (TW; 48 h) when the dominant follicle reached 9.5 mm and hysterectomized at the end of TW. Data were analyzed by PROC GLM of SAS. Serum concentration of estradiol at the day of hysterectomy was greater in cows from PRO group than in cows from the other groups (FP: 0.7 pg/mL; FM: 0.8 pg/mL; FG: 1.1 pg/mL; PRO: 2.9 pg/mL; P < 0.05). There were no effects of group (P > 0.1) on histomorphometrical variables and on endometrial gene expression of ER, PR, OTR, COX-1, and COX-2. Cows from PRO group had greater staining intensity of ER-positive nuclei in shallow glandular epithelium (FP: 75.9 AU; FM: 75.2 AU; FG: 71.5 AU; PRO: 88.5 AU), staining intensity of PR-positive nuclei in deep glandular epithelium (FP: 70.2 AU; FM: 73.1 AU; FG: 69.2 AU; PRO: 85.7 AU), and greater percentage of PR-positive nuclei in shallow subepithelial stroma (FP: 58.2%; FM: 58.0%; FG: 57.3%; PRO: 63.4%) than cows from the other groups (P < 0.05). Cows from FG and PRO groups had a greater percentage of ER-positive nuclei in deep subepithelial stroma than cows from the other groups (FP: 76.0%; FM: 76.4%; FG: 83.6%; PRO: 86.1%; P < 0.05). In the other endometrial areas, the protein expressions of ER and PR were similar among groups. We concluded that in anestrous... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 candioto_cg_me_jabo.pdf: 1268753 bytes, checksum: 33fa5ad0387bc80fb30d39654299dced (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O bulbo do olho é uma parte do organismo pouco estudada e que carece de mais valores fisiológicos nas diversas espécies de animais. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os cortes histológicos dos olhos de Falco tinnunculus (peneireiro-de-dorso-malhado), por meio da morfometria da córnea, retina, coróide e esclera. As aves eram adultas e de vida livre. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados entre machos e fêmeas e entre os olhos direito e esquerdo. Após enucleação dos olhos, os mesmos foram fixados em solução tamponada de formaldeído por 48 horas e posteriormente, descalcificados. Os olhos direitos foram cortados verticalmente (dorsoventral), e os esquerdos horizontalmente (temporonasal). Após inclusão em parafina, foram confeccionados cortes de 5m de espessura e corados pelas técnicas rotineiras de hematoxilina e eosina. Para a análise dos cortes, foram definidos e medidos, seis pontos (1 a 6) na retina, coróide e esclera, e três pontos referentes na córnea (A, B e C). Com um software de análise de imagens, avaliou-se a espessura em micrômetros da córnea total, e suas camadas (epitelial, “camada média”, endotelial), além da retina, coróide e esclera nos seus respectivos pontos pré-determinados. Na córnea as maiores espessuras foram na periferia (ponto A e C) e as menores na área central (ponto B). As comparações entre as médias foram feitas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Nas fêmeas a retina foi mais espessa que nos machos. O dados descritos no trabalho complementam os conhecimentos básicos da histomorfologia do olho de Falco tinnunculus necessários para avaliação de cortes histopatológicos / The bulb of the eye is not a well-studied part of the body and needs more physiological values for various animal species. In this manner, the objective of the study was to evaluate the histological eye Falco tinnunculus (commom kestrel), through measurements of the cornea, retina, choroid and sclera. The birds were adults from wild life. The results were compared between males and females and between the right and left eyes. After enucleation of the eyes, they were fixed in buffered formaldehyde for 48 hours and subsequently decalcified. The right eyes were cut vertically (dorsoventral), and left horizontally (temporonasal). After paraffin embedding, sections were prepared from 5m thick and stained using routine hematoxylin and eosin. For the analysis of the cuts, six points (1-6) in the retina, choroid and sclera, and three points on the cornea (A, B and C) have been defined and measured. With an image analyzing software, the corneal thickness and its layers (epithelium, middle layer, endothelial), were evaluated in total microns, as well as the retina, choroid and sclera in their respective pre-determined points. Corneal thickness was greater in the periphery (A and C) and lower in the central area (B). Comparisons between means were made using the Tukey test (p <0.05). In females retina was thicker than the males. The data described in the paper complement the basic knowledge of histomorphology eye Falco tinnunculus for the assessment of histopathology