Kreuz und Hakenkreuz.In den dreißiger Jahren des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts treffen mit dem Symbol des Christentums und der Swastika zwei Symbole aufeinander, die für eigentlich höchst unterschiedliche und gegensätzliche Weltanschauungen stehen. Warum und in welcher Art und Weise ein Miteinander oder gar eine Symbiose beider Kreuze sich entwickelte, soll zentraler Aspekt dieser Arbeit sein. So unterschiedlich die völkisch-nationale Bewegung und das nationale protestantische Christentum doch waren, im Hitler'schen Antisemitismus und dem Antijudaismus der nationalen Christlichen Bewegungen hatten sich ein fatales Zwillingspaar gefunden. / Aim of this termpaper was to analyse the circumstances of the "unholy alliance" of the protestant church and the NAZI-Movement in the 1930s.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Kiel, 2006.

Very little historical scholarship specifically analyzes or explores the absence of chemical weapons in World War II. This thesis seeks to fill the gaps in the historical narrative by providing insight into the personal and external factors that influenced Hitler’s chemical weapons policy. This thesis also touches upon the wartime violence perpetrated by both the Axis and the Allies, thereby offering a neutral, unbiased historical account. From 1939-1941, Hitler did not deploy chemical weapons because his blitzkrieg of Europe was progressing successfully – chemical warfare was unnecessary. With the failure of Operation Barbarossa from 1942-1943, Armaments Minister Albert Speer oversaw a massive increase in the production of the lethal nerve agent tabun, indicating Hitler’s desire to deploy chemical gas on the Eastern Front. However, by the request of Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill threatened to retaliate against Nazi Germany with chemical strikes on German cities in May 1942. Hitler backed down because of the inadequacy of German air defense and his desire to protect the “Aryan” people – based on his own trauma with gas in World War I. However, in the final years of the war in 1944-1945, the stress of the Allied advance on Berlin caused the deterioration of the German dictator’s mental and physical state. Hitler’s thoughts became suicidal and destructive – the German people deserved extinction for their failure in World War II. Thus, Hitler issued the Nero Decree in March 1945. However, the architect turned Armaments Minister, aware of the war’s foregone conclusion, sought to obstruct Germany’s path to catastrophe. Likewise, Hitler sought to initiate chemical warfare. Again, Speer prevented unnecessary civilian casualties by shutting down chemical production plants. The German dictator did not take matters into his own hands because following the failure of the Ardennes Offensive in January 1945, Hitler also grew increasingly apathetic to governing the Third Reich. By April 1945, with Hitler a ghost of his former self, his subleaders fought for control of Nazi Germany, and their inability to cooperate led to a crisis of leadership. Thus, World War II concluded in Europe without chemical warfare. Ultimately, this thesis promotes an awareness of the legacy of violence ushered in by “modern warfare,” a contemporary issue yet to be adequately addressed.

The Master's thesis aims to map and analyse especially pre-war correspondence from Berlin sent by Czechoslovak envoy Vojtěch Mastný since his accession to the Berlin embassy to the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The work is divided into six chapters, while its goal is to analyze the opinions, the nature of its political messages and reflections of the Czechoslovak diplomat at the pre-war political development in Germany. This subjective perception of the historical events and context is further compared with contemporary literature so it is possible to make a reconstruction of dramatic turn of events after 1933. The thesis also deals with social and political situation in Germany after World War I, the Czechoslovak-German relations and the life of a Czech diplomat V. Mastný.

The aim of this work is to analyse the development of relationships of German elite generals towards Adolf Hitler during Soviet Union Campaign in 1941-1945. It's necessary to follow these relationships from 1933, because they changed dramatically. In brief, Führer's behaviour to generals and his interventions to army issues will be describe. The main field of this work is the analysis of war operations during fights with Soviet Union from the point of view of Nazi generals and Führer. The basics of the work come from the ideas of generals and other important personalities close to Hitler written in their memoirs that are confronted with the historical literature.

Arbetet handlar om hur olika tidningar i Sverige framställer nazistregimen i Tyskland före och under andra världskriget i sina rubriker. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka skillnader och likheter som finns mellan lokala tidningar, tidningarna själva över tid, lokala tidningar över tid, lokal respektive rikstidning och lokal respektive rikstidning över tid. Materialet som ligger till grund för undersökningen är fyra lokala tidningar samt en rikstidning. Därutöver har vi konstruerat en analysmodell med inspiration från Asp (2011) mediernas betydelse, valet 2010och Lundgren (1999) Nyheter- att läsa tidningstext. Undersökningen visar på att det finns skillnader och även likheter mellan de olika lokaltidningarna. Dessutom påvisar undersökningen att det finns skillnader över tid mellan vissa lokaltidningar och att vissa lokaltidningar också förändrar sig över tid. Undersökningen påvisar också skillnader mellan lokaltidningar och rikstidningen.

Jesse Owens was the star of the Berlin Olympics in 1936. His four gold medals in Hitler's Germany, as an African American, had far reaching implications back in the United States. Despite segregation and a social hierarchy that was an impasse to both black opportunity and achievement, Owens created a lasting legacy that drastically impacted race relations. The purpose of this thesis was to examine what the Olympic glory of Owens represented for society. Owens as an Olympian in 1936 manufactured a brand of social capital that tied people together in commonality—as Americans. As well, in both myth and deed, Owens has been traditionally credited with challenging Hitler's beliefs of Aryan Supremacy. Yet, Owens was also a race pioneer, as his athletic feats were read in newspapers all over the country, and as a result, helped shift the consciousness of Southerners who were historically ignorant of black achievement.

After Germany’s humiliating World War II defeat, numerous German generals published memoirs claiming that their country’s brilliant military leadership had been undermined by the Führer’s erratic decision making. The author of three highly acclaimed books on the era, Stephen Fritz upends this characterization of Hitler as an ill-informed fantasist and demonstrates the ways in which his strategy was coherent and even competent. That Hitler saw World War II as the only way to retrieve Germany’s fortunes and build an expansionist Thousand-Year Reich is uncontroversial. But while his generals did sometimes object to Hitler’s tactics and operational direction, they often made the same errors in judgment and were in agreement regarding larger strategic and political goals. A necessary volume for understanding the influence of World War I on Hitler’s thinking, this work is also an eye-opening reappraisal of major events like the invasion of Russia and the battle for Normandy. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1286/thumbnail.jpg

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Cette étude comprend l'analyse et le commentaire de quelques cent-trente-cinq caricatures qui ont pour but de tenter de répondre à la question sur l'éventualité d'une reconstitution historique au travers des caricatures antihitlériennes de la presse satirique de la République de Weimar. Elles illustrent la montée du national-socialisme, du moins par le biais de la critique, puis de l'opposition et de la révolte, que ce dernier a pu susciter au cours des années 1923-1933. Ce travail a nécessité la recherche de faits politiques précis auxquels chaque caricature faisait référence et la comparaison de la représentation proposée par la caricature avec les informations et les jugements donnés rétrospectivement par les historiens. Ce jeu de va-et-vient entre le document-source et l'arrière-plan référentiel a aidé à proposer une estimation de l'écho suscité ou non par l'événement politique en question. Ce choix de caricatures a permis par exemple de voir quelles avaient été les apparitions de Hitler sur la scène politique qui avaient le plus déchaîné les passions. Toutefois il reste difficile de concevoir une histoire de la montée du national-socialisme et de l'opposition à Hitler avant 1933 à partir des seules caricatures.