Tarptautinio turizmo administravimo baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, nes pastaraisiais metais kaimo turizmas tapo viena labiausiai plėtojamų veiklų kaime. Kadangi kaimo turizmo rinkoje yra susiduriama su didelę konkurenciją, norint sėkmingai plėtoti sodybos veiklą, tampa aktualu ieškoti naujų, patobulintų vadybos principų. Darbe pabrėžiama, kad sėkminga kaimo turizmo vadyba priklauso nuo atskleistų vadybos principų suderinamumo ir poveikio kryptingumo, kur svarbiausias veiksnys yra savininko autentiškumas, meistriškumas ir sugebėjimai viską sujungti į vieną visumą. Norint pasiekti sėkmės kaimo turizmo versle, reikėtų vadovautis pagrindiniu principu, kuris teigia, kad į kiekvieną žmogų reikia žiūrėti kaip į tikslą savyje, o ne tik kaip priemonę savo tikslams pasiekti. Darbo tyrimo objektas yra kaimo turizmo sėkmingi vadybos principai Darbo tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti taikomų sėkmingos vadybos principų svarbą sodybos veikloje, bei pateikti pasiūlymus vadybos tobulinimui. Darbe iškelta problema, kad egzistuoja sodybos šeimininkų patirties stoka kaimo turizmo versle, nepakanka informacijos, o tai sąlygoja netinkamų vadybos principų pasirinkimą. Magistro baigiamasis darbas susideda iš keturių pagrindinių dalių. Pirmoji – kaimo turizmo sėkmingos vadybos principams nustatyti, teoriniu pagrindu, atlikta mokslinės literatūros analizė. Antroji – metodologinė dalis, kur aprašoma kaip vyks tyrimas. Trečioji – tiriamoji dalis, kur anketinės apklausos metodu ištirta aukščiausiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of international tourism administration master thesis is of current interest as rural tourism has become one of the most rapidly growing rural activities in recent years. As the rural tourism market faces a strong competition it becomes important to find new, improved management principles in order to successfully develop the homestead activities. The final paper stresses that the successful rural tourism management depends on the coherence of disclosed management principles and impact orientation where the most important factor is the authenticity, excellence of the owner and his ability to merge everything. The basic principle - any person should be seen as a goal itself, but not as means to reach another person’s aims - must be followed if one wants to achieve success in the rural tourism business. Successful rural tourism management principles are described as the object of the research. The target of the research is to estimate successful management principles importance for homestead activities as well as to submit proposals for the management improvement. The problem of the farmstead owners’ lack of experience in the rural tourism business is discussed in the final work homestead. Insufficient information leads to the improper management principles choice. Master's final research paper consists of four main parts. To define successful rural tourism management principles, scientific theoretic literature analysis is provided in the first part. The second part... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 florian strasburger.pdf: 826061 bytes, checksum: 253843cad3d369977f4067cbc29f9ace (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / The objective of this research is the analyse of the polemic question to stand surety within the home rent contracts, new perspectives and interpretations has been created with EC 26/2000. The discussion, is the rising of the status of home to a law level of fundamental rights, with the legal possibility homestead attachment. That way is created a normative conflict between the laws 8.009/90 and 8.245/91. This fact of a new vision of the law challenges the jurisprudence to interpretate the question. Analising each of that two dispositions, the social impact, the characteristic of the financial institutions, the concept of the state and the two paradigmatics agreements of the highest level of brazilian court, inspired by hermeneutics fountains, is to create a proposal from the juridical principle theory, trying that way to find out a proposal of solution to the conflicts linked to an axiologic-normative concept of Law. / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a polêmica questão do fiador nos contratos de locação, que, com o advento da EC 26/2000 lançou nova luz à seara jurídica. Confrontase, assim o a elevação do status da moradia a nível de direito constitucional fundamental, com a possibilidade legal de penhora de seu único imóvel que serve à residência(bem de família). Forma-se, portanto o conflito normativo entre as Leis 8.009/90 e 8.245/91, que diante da nova previsão do direito à moradia desafia o judiciário à reinterpretar a questão. A partir da análise de cada uma destas disposições, do contexto social em que surgem, bem como das peculiaridades do instituto da fiança e da concepção de Estado, e de dois acórdãos paradigmáticos do mais alto escalão do judiciário brasileiro, como fonte hermenêutica, propõe-se uma ótica de análise a partir da principiologia jurídica, na tentativa de elucidar que as antinomias encontram nesta corrente de pensamento uma proposta de solução atrelada a uma concepção axiológico-normativa do Direito.

In this paper, to write, mainly based on Hubei Jingzhou Han Tomb No. 247 of The laws and decrees of the second year"¡Bthe Bamboo Slips of Zhangjiashan in the Eary Han Dynasty Empress Lu years (186BC) promulgated the "The laws and decrees of the second year". And these systems, do in depth. While many of these systems inherited from Qin, but also in the history of the early Han dynasty and the associated changes in state policy, under which such an amendment and gain. In addition to the time of the early Han Dynasty inherited the Qin, " Registration of Residents " and " The System of Granting Homestead ", but also because of the unified emerging empire, no longer need to use Qin "of dollars in the first grant Jue," The System of Granting Homestead, but to set the succession after the system, military medals Jue system has become extremely important to establish the household registration system supporting measures. So, the early Han Dynasty all the people's economic rights and social well-being, they are all related and the title of nobility class. In addition, even the preparation of the results of Wu is not only related to people, security and home management, also affected the litigation system, and even to sit, and even the limits of regional action. A number of related management measures, they must meet for us. Rather special is that the "The laws and decrees of the second year"Lane set a lot of bearing on women's rights law, women enjoy a number of special treatment; even the servants, there are also benefits in the slave girl slave components. "The laws and decrees of the second year" domain inside the official system should not only permit the " Shiwu System " the existence of, and its importance in the history of philology, but also presents the official system, the superiority of the domain. This with the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi ¡E order" than right, more found that "The laws and decrees of the second year".

Šiame moksliniame darbe siekiama ištirti Plungės rajono Platelių ir Žemaičių Kalvarijos seniūnijų teritorijų panaudojimo galimybes, vadovaujantis kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektais. Iškeltiems uždaviniams išspręsti, naudojamasi žemės informacinės sistemos duomenų bazėmis. Vykdant sėkmingą kaimo plėtros įgyvendinimą, svarbu atsižvelgti į gamtinės aplinkos sukurtas sąlygas. Analizuojama teritorija pasižymi saugomų objektų gausa. Plungės rajone yra devynios saugomos teritorijos, kurių plotas sudaro 25 proc. visos Plungės rajono teritorijos. Tiriamų seniūnijų bendras plotas yra 26161 ha., abi seniūnijos patenka į Žemaitijos nacionalinį parką. Iš bendro analizuojamos teritorijos ploto, 15163 ha užima Žemaitijos nacionalinis parkas, tai sudaro beveik 58 proc. visos teritorijos. Tam, kad kaimo vietovėse teritorijų planavimas ir naudojimas neturėtų neigiamų pasekmių kraštovaizdžiui ir gamtinei aplinkai, vykdant planavimą privaloma vadovautis kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektais, specialiosiomis žemės ir miško naudojimo sąlygomis, bei kitais teisės aktais. Iškelti uždaviniai išspręsti vadovaujantis kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų rengimo taisyklėmis, miško įveisimo ne miško žemėje taisyklėmis, Plungės rajono savivaldybės teritorijos bendruoju planu, Žemaitijos nacionalinio parko planavimo schema, išskirtos teritorijos tinkamos sodybos vietai parinkti bei miškui ne miško žemėje įveisti. Atliekant tyrimą ArcMap 10.2.1 programa, sudaryti du skirtingi modeliai, taip išskirtos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This thesis is aimed at exploring the possibilities to use the territories of Plateliai and Žemaičių Kalvarija in Plungė District pursuant to the organization of land exploitation plans of rural development. The databases of the land information system are used to solve the tasks. In pursuance of successful implementation of rural development, it is important to take the conditions created by natural environment into consideration. The territory under review characterizes for the abundance of protected objects. Plungė District includes nine protected territories, the area of which constitutes 25 percent of the entire territory of Plungė District. Total area of elderships under review is 26161 ha; both elderships are within the boundaries of Žemaitija National Park. Out of total territory area analyzed, 15163 ha are covered by Žemaitija National Park, which constitutes almost 58 percent of the entire territory. For the territorial planning and use in rural areas to not have negative consequences for the landscape and natural environment, while planning it is mandatory to follow the organization of land exploitation plans of rural development, special terms and conditions of land and forest use, as well as other legal acts. The tasks were solved pursuant to the rules of preparation of organization of land exploitation plans of rural development, the rules of afforestation in non-forest land, the general plan of the territory of Plungė District Municipality, the planning scheme... [to full text]

In the novice hill Beskydy foothills and the plane Ostrava landscape huddle village Rychaltice. This residence is a part of Hukvaldy. It´s here the important connnection with the "landscape of Leoš Janáček." Poetry and Mysticism by this Czech composer was able to catch in his symphonies, are already very slightly visible. The surviving fragments of the original buildings, cottages, farmsteads and barns talking about agricultural tradition of the area. Despite the high activity of collective agriculture and the building tendencies of the past and today, can be found a small piece of land for traditional cultivation. Remains of the old building – a barn that was in II. World War II bomb blast halved in two peaces. Four stone pillars of the original structure were built in cottage. Extant fragment barn belongs, is today on the neighbor's property.The project look into cider house, family house and other. , following the survivors of the barn. The task of the work is to achieve a compact, self-sufficiency and friendliness agricultural area to the surrounding landscape. Homestead should be not only the farmer dwelling, but also a place for hiking, cycling, horse riding. Location in Podbeskydí, near the castle Hukvaldy and good transport links to the main roads, it is the perfect place. The project has however also bring something more - support traditional livelihood and sensitive landscape management.

This thesis addresses how Japanese and Japanese Americans may have lived and been perceived in Virginia from 1900s through the 1950s. This work focuses on their positions in society with comparisons to the nation, particularly during the “Jim Crow” era of “colored” and “white,” and after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941. It highlights various means of understanding their positions in Virginia society, with emphasis on Japanese visitors, marriages of Japanese in Virginia, and the inclusion of Japanese in higher education at Roanoke College, Randolph-Macon College, William and Mary, University of Virginia, University of Richmond, Hampden-Sydney College, and Union Theological Seminary. It also takes into account the Japanese experience in Virginia during Japanese internment, while focusing on the Homestead, Virginia, as well as the experiences of Japanese students and soldiers, which ultimately showed Virginia was distinct in its mild treatment towards the Japanese as compared to the West Coast.

In my thesis I tried to put down the transformation of rural areas, specifically the region of Poděbrady, which took place in the first half of the 20th century. The center of the region is the town Poděbrady, the whole area consists of 35 municipalities together. The transformation of rural involved several factors - the establishment of an independent republic, land reform, electrification, river regulation, the development of communications, transport and mechanization of agriculture. I deal with the natural conditions of the region, because they greatly influence the local life and economy. "Střední Polabí" is a flat area known for its fertility. Therefore, most people here worked in agriculture in the first half of the 20th century. Major employers were landowners from aristocratic families, particularly in Poděbrady and Dymokury. They gave work to people in the fields and in industrial plants. Breweries, sugar mills, brickworks, dairy, oily or glassworks were in operation in the region. Leisure, customs and festivals belonged also to the life of people.

English with Englsih, Northern Sotho and Tsonga summaries / Since the inception of the homestead food garden programme in Gauteng Province, more than 3 000 individuals in the City of Tshwane Region 7 have benefited from the programme. It is not known whether the gardens were actually established after beneficiaries had received the tools from government, or whether the gardens still exist and produce food. The aim of the study was to investigate the contribution of the homestead food garden programme to household food security in Region 7 in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The study population consisted of beneficiaries of the homestead food garden programme from 2013 to 2016 in various wards in the region. The objectives of the study were to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the beneficiaries; to assess the current status of the homestead food gardens and other support programmes in which the beneficiaries were engaged; to assess the contribution of the homestead food garden programme to household food security (availability, accessibility, utilisation and stability); to ascertain the factors influencing food availability in the households of beneficiaries; and to identify the constraints and benefits of homestead food production. The study used a quantitative research approach involving a survey design. A semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection through face-to-face interviews in the homes of participants. The random sampling technique was employed to acquire a proportionate sample of 258 participants. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The analysis of quantitative data included frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation, standard error of mean, a binomial test and the Ordered Logistics Regression (OLR) model. Themes and codes were used to analyse data from open-ended questions (qualitative data) and convert them to frequencies and percentages. The results showed that 73% of women participated and96% participants were Black Africans. Youth participation was 19%. The participants who could read and write because they had received primary, secondary and tertiary education were 84%. The average family size of the respondents was five, ranging between 1 and 47 household members. 83% of the participants relied on social grants (child, old-age and disability grants) from government as their main source of income. 83.3% participants had backyard (homestead) gardens for their households and 26% of participants consumed vegetables from their homestead food gardens. The household expenditure of 74% of participants included the cost of vegetables, which they had to buy regularly. The food availability results showed that 51% and 50% of the participants cultivated their backyard gardens during summer and spring respectively. This implied that there were adequate vegetables in the households of most participants during those seasons. It was discovered that 60% of the participants experienced anxiety and uncertainty because they were worried over the previous four weeks that their households would not have enough vegetables. The coping strategy mostly adopted by 69% of participants was to purchase cheap vegetables when there was lack of vegetables from the gardens. 55% participants consumed vegetables frequently because they either had enough harvests from their backyard gardens or had money to buy vegetables. The factors that positively influenced vegetable availability were participants’ age; the number of support programmes available to them; the existence of backyard gardens; and access to water. Some of the major challenges that systematically hindered homestead food gardens were insects; pests and diseases; crop damage by livestock, birds and rats; a lack of water for irrigation; a lack of production inputs (seeds, chemicals, fertilisers and others); and insufficient space to plant or establish a garden. The study found that the major benefits of the homestead food gardens were the consumption of fresh, healthy vegetables from the backyard garden and saving money by not having to buy vegetables. Based on the results of the current study, it is suggested that youth participation should be bolstered to ensure the future of homestead food gardens as the majority of the participants were older than 35 years. It is also suggested that other support measures should be taken to ensure the continuity of the homestead food garden programme, such as training programmes and access to water, fencing and production inputs (seeds and fertilisers) for homestead food gardeners. / Go tloga mola go thongwago lenaneo la dirapana tša dijo la motsana ka Profenseng ya Gauteng, batho ba go feta ba 3 000 ka Seleteng sa 7 sa Tshwane ba holegile ka go fiwa dithulusi tša serapana, seabe sa tšweletšo le tlhahlo go thoma dirapana tša ka mafuri tša malapa a bona. Ga go tsebege ge eba dirapana dihlomilwe ka nnete morago ga gore baholegi ba amogele dithulusi go tšwa mmušong, goba ge eba dirapana di sa le gona le gore di tšweletša dijo. Dinepo tša dinyakišišo e be e le go nyakišiša seabe sa lenaneo la dirapana tša dijo la motsana go tšhireletšo ya dijo tša lapa Seleteng sa 7 ka Mmasepaleng wa Metropothene wa Toropo ya Tshwane. Bakgathema ba dinyakišišo ba bopilwe ke baholegi ba lenaneo la serapana sa dijo sa motsana go tloga ka 2013 go fihla ka 2016 ka diwateng tša go fapana tša selete. Maikemišetšo a dinyakišišo e be e le laetša dipharologantšho tša batho le leago tša baholegi; go sekaseka maemo a bjale a dirapana tša dijo tša motsana le mananeo a mangwe a thekgo ao baholegi ba bego ba le karolo ya ona; go sekaseka seabe sa lenaneo la serapana sa dijo sa motsana go tšhireletšo ya dijo (khwetšagalo, phihlelelo, tšhomišo le tielelo); go laetša mabaka a go huetša khwetšagalo ya dijo ka malapeng a baholegi; le go hlaola mathata le dikholego tša tšweletšo ya dijo tša motsana. Dinyakišišo di šomišitše mokgwa wa dinyakišišo tša khwalithethifi wa go akaretša popo ya lenaneopotšišo. Lenaneopotšišo le beakantšwego seripa le go šomišetšwa kgoboketšo ya datha ka dipoledišano tša go dirwa go lebelelanwe mahlong ka malapeng a bakgathatema. Thekniki ya tiro ya sampole ya go se kgethe e šomišeditšwe go hwetša sampole ya go lekanetšwa ya bakgathema ba 258. Datha di sekasekilwe ka go šomiša tlhalošo ya 4 ya Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Tshekatsheko ya datha ya khwalithethifi e akareditše dikelo, diphesente, palogare, phapano ya tekanetšo, phošo ya tekanetšo ya palogare, teko ya phapano le mmotlolo wa ponelopele ya diphetogo. Dikgwekgwe le Dikhoute di šomišitšwe go sekaseka datha go tšwa go dipotšišo tše di bulegilego (datha ya khwalithethifi) le go di fetolela go dikelo le diphesente. Dipoelo di laeditše gore phesente ya godimo (73%) ya basadi e kgathile tema. Bontši (96%) e bile baarabi e bile Maafrika a Bathobaso. Kgathotema ya baswa e be e le ka fase ga 19%. Bontši (84%) bja baholegi bo be bo kgona go bala le go ngwala gobane ba amogetše thuto ya poraemari, sekontari le ya godimo. Bogolo bja lapa bja palogare ya baarabi e be e le hlano, go tloga gare ga tee le 47 ya maloko a lapa. Karolo ye kgolo (83%) ya baarabi ba tshephile dithušo tša leago (dithušo tša bana, botšofadi le bogolofadi) go tšwa mmušong bjalo ka mothopo wa bona wo mogolo wa letseno gomme bontši (83.3%) bo be bo na le dirapana (motsana) tša ka mafuri tša malapa a bona. Go tloga go ponego ya tšhireletšo ya dijo, dipoelo di laeditše gore 26% ya baarabi ba ja merogo ya go tšwa ka dirapaneng tša dijo tša motsana wa bona. Ditshenyegalelo tša lapa tša bontši (74%) bja baarabi di akareditše tshenyegelo ya merogo, yeo ba bego ba swanela ke go e reka kgafetša. Dipoelo tša khwetšagalo ya dijo e laeditše gore 51% le 50% ya baarabi ba lemile dirapana tša ka mafuri a bona nakong ya selemo le seruthwane ka tatelano, seo se rago gore go bile le merogo ye e lekanego la malapeng a baarabi ba bantši dihleng tšeo. Ka go realo go utulotšwe gore, mabapi le phihlelelo ya dijo, bontši (60%) bja baarabi ba itemogetše tlalelo le pelaelo bjalo ka ge ba laeditše gore ba be ba hlobaela mo dibekeng tše nne tša go feta gore malapa a bona a ka se be le merogo ye e lekanego. Leano la go laola le le amogetšwego gagolo ke bontši (69%) bja baarabi go kgonthišiša tielelo ya dijo e be e le go reka merogo ka theko ya fase ge go sena merogo go tšwa ka dirapaneng. Mabapi le tielelo ya dijo, bontši (55%) bja bakgathatema ba be ba e ja merogo kgafetša gobane ba bunne tše di lekanego go tšwa dirapaneng tša ka mafuri a bona goba ba bile le tšhelete ya reka merogo. Mabaka ao a hueditšego khwetšagalo ya merogo gabotse e bile mengwaga ya baarabi; palo ya mananeo a thekgo ao ba ka a fihlelelago; go ba gona ga dirapana tša ka mafuri; le phihlelelo ya meetse. Tše dingwe tša ditlhohlo tše kgolo tšeo di tshwentšego ka botlalo dirapana tša dijo ka motsaneng e bile dikhunkhwane; disenyi le malwetši, tshenyo ya dibjalo ka leruo, dinonyana le magotlo; tlhokego ya meetse a go nošetša; tlhokego ya ditshepetšo tša tšweletšo (dipeu, dikhemikale, manyora le tše dingwe); le sekgoba se lekanego go bjala le go hloma serapana. Dinyakišišo di hweditše gore dikholego tše kgolo tša dirapana tša dijo tša motsana e be e le go ja merogo ye meswa, ye mebotse go tšwa ka serapaneng sa ka mafuri le go boloka tšhelete ka go se reke merogo. Go ya ka dipoelo tša dinyakišišo tša bjale, go šišintšwe gore kgathotema ya baswa e swanetše go thekgwa go kgonthišiša bokamoso bja dirapana tša dijo tša motsana ka ge bontši bja bakgathatema ba be ba le bogolo bja mengwaga ya ka godimo ga 35. Gape go šišintšwe gore dikelo tša thekgo tše dingwe di swanela go tšewa go kgonthišiša tšwelopele ya lenaneo la serapana sa dijo sa motsana, go swana le mananeo a tlhahlo le phihlelelo ya meetse, legora le production inputs (dipeu le manyora) ya boradirapana tša dijo tša motsana. / Ku sukela loko ku sunguriwe nongonoko wa swirhapa swa swakudya eka Xifundzhankulu xa Gauteng, vanhu vo tlula nhlayo ya 3 000 eTshwane eka Region 7 va vuyeriwile hi ku pfunetiwa hi mathulusi ya swirhapa, swipfuneto swo rima na vuleteri ku sungula swirhapa lomu majaratini ya miti ya vona. A swi tiveki loko swirhapa swi sunguriwe endzhaku ka loko vavuyeriwa va amukerile mathulusi eka mfumo, kumbe leswo xana swirhapa leswi swa ha ya emahlweni no rima swakudya. Xikongomelo xa ndzavisiso lowu wa tidyondzo a ku ri ku endla vulavisisi hi ndlela leyi nongonoko wa swirhapa swa swakudya wu pfunetaku hi yona eka ku sirheleleka hi swakudya eka Region 7 eka Masipala wa Dorobankulu ra City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Vanhu lava a ku dyondziwa hi vona a va katsa vavuyeriwa va nongonoko wa swirhapa swa swakudya lomu makaya ku sukela hi lembe ra 2013 ku fikela hi 2016 eka tiwadi to hlayanyana ta region. Swikongomelo swa ndzavisiso lowu i ku vona muxaka wa vanhu lava nga vuyeriwa; ku kambela xiyimo xa sweswi xa swirhapa swa swakudya na minongonoko yin'wana ya nseketelo laha vavuyeriwa va nga na xiavo eka yona; ku kambela xiavo xa nongonoko wa swirhapa swa swakudya eka ku sirheleleka hi ku kuma swakudya eka mindyangu (ku kumeka, ku fikelela, ku tirhisa, na ku tshamiseka); ku kumisisa mintiyiso kumbe swilo leswi swi nga na nkucetelo eka ku kumeka ka swakudya lomu makaya ya lava vuyeriwaka; na ku vona leswi swi nga swihingakanyi eka mimbuyelo ya ku rima swakudya. Ndzavisiso wu tirhise fambiselo leri vuriwaka quantitative research ku nga ku hlayela leswi a swi katsa dizayini ya survey. Ku tirhisiwe endlelo ra nongonoko wa swivutiso leswi nga tsariwa ku nga semi-structured questionnare ku hlengeleta data hi ku endla ti-interview ta xikandza-na-xikandza emakaya ya lava a va teka xiavo. Ku tirhisiwe thekniki ya random sampling ku kuma mpimanyeto wa proporionate sample eka vanhu va 258 lava a va teka xiavo eka ndzavisiso. Data yi ve yi hlahluviwa hi ku tirhisa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Nhlahluvo wa quantitative data a wu katsa vungani bya ku humelela ku nga frequences, tiphesente, mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, binomial test na modlele wa Ordered Logistics Regresion (OLR). Eku hlahluveni ku tirhisiwe tithemes na tikhodi ku kambela data eka swivutiso leswi a swi ri na tinhlamulo to hambana-hambana ku nga open-ended questions (qualitative data) na ku swi hundzuluxa ku va swikombisa leswo swi endleke kangani (frequencies) na tiphesente ta ku endleka. Vuyelo byi kombise tiphesente ta le henhla eka vamanana hi (73%) lava a va ri na xiavo. Vunyingi bya vanhu lava a va hlamula swivutiso a ku ri Vanhu va Vantima va Ma-Afrika. Xiavo xa lavantshwa a xi ri ehansi ka 19%. Vunyingi bya vavuyeriwa (84%) a va kota ku hlaya no tsala hikuva a va kumile dyondzo ya prayimari, sekondari na ya le tikholichi na tiyunivhesiti. Mpimanyeto wa nhlayo ya vanhu va mindyangu a ku ri vanhu va ntlhanu, ku sukela eka wun'we ku fikela eka swirho swa 47 eka ndyangu. Ntsengo wa le henhla wo ringana (83%) wa vahlamula swivutiso i vanhu lava va hanyaka hi mpfuneto wa mali ya mfumo eka vanhu (ku nga xipfuneto xo wundla vana, mudende wa vadyuhari, na mpfuneto eka vo lamala) ku suka eka mfumo tani hi mali leyi nghenaka leyi va tshembeleke eka yona ngopfu kasi vunyingi bya vona (83.3%) va na swirhapa (lomu makaya) emitini ya vona. Mayelana na ku sirheleleka hi swakudya, vuyelo byi kombise leswo 26% wa vahlamuri va swivutiso va dya miroho yo huma eka swirhapa swa swakudya swa vona. Mpimanyeto wa mali lowu tirhisiwaka hi mindyangyu yo tala ku nga (74%) wa vahlamuri va swivutiso va katse ntsengo wa nxavo wa miroho, leyi va yi tirhisaka ku xava hi mikarhi na mikarhi. Vuyelo bya ku kumeka ka swakudya wu kombe leswo 51% wa vahlamuri va swivutiso va rima swakudya swa vona lomu swirhapeni swa le makaya ya vona hi nkarhi wa ximumu na hi nkarhi wa ximun'wana, leswi swu vulaka leswo a ku ri na miroho yo ringanela eka miti eka vahlamuri votala va swivutiso hi mikarhi ya tisizini leti. Ku ve ku kumeka leswaku mayelana na ku kumeka ka swakudya, vunyingi lebyi nga (60%) wa vahlamuri va swivutiso va karhateka na ku va va nga ri na ku tiyiseka hikuva va kombise leswo va xaniseka eka mavhiki ya mune lama nga hundza leswo mindyangu ya vona yi nga ka yi nga vi na miroho yo ringanela. Leswi vunyingi byi swi endleka ku ringeta ku hanya eka xiyimo lexi, vunyingi byi nga (69%) wa vahlamuri va swivutiso va vule leswo va xava miroho ya ntsengo wa nxavo wa le hansi loko ku nga ri na miroho eswirhapeni swa vona. Mayelana na ku tshamiseka hi swakudya, vunyingi bya vahlamuri va swivutiso (55%) va dya miroho hakanyingi hikuva va ri na ntshovelo wo ringanela eka swirhapa swa miroho ya vona kumbe hikuva va ri na mali yo xava miroho. Swilo leswi nga na nkucetelo lowunene hi ku kumeka ka miroho, ku ve malembe ya vukulu bya vahlamuri va swivutiso; nhlayo ya minongonoko ya nseketelo eka vona; vukona bya swirhapa swa miroho lomu makaya; na ku kumeka ka mati. Swin'wana swa mintlhontlho leyikulu leyi nga nkavanyeto eka swirhapha swa swakudya i switsotswana na vuvabyi ya swimila; ku onhiwa ka swibyariwa hi swifuwo; swinyenyane na makondlo; ku pfumaleka ka mati yo cheleta; ku pfumaleka ka swipfuneto swo rima (ku nga timbewu, tikhemikali, swinonisi na swin'wana swo tano); ku ka vanhu va nga ri na ndhawu yo ringanela ku byala kumbe ku endla swirhapa. Ndzavisiso wa dyondo wu kume leswo vunyingi bya vavuyeriwa eka swirhapa swa swakudya ku ve ku kota ku va na miroho ya furexe, miroho leyi nga na rihanyu eka swirhapa swa vona lomu makaya no hlayisa mali hikuva va nga xavi miroho. Hi ku landza vuyelo bya ndzavisiso wa dyondo wa sweswi, ku ringanyetiwa leswaku ku fanele ku khutaziwa ku va na xiavo ka vantshwa ku tiyisa vumundzuku bya swirhapa swa miroho, hikuva vunyingi bya lava va nga na xiavo a ku ri vanhu va malembe ya le henhla ka 35 hi vukulu. Ku pimanyetiwa na leswo ku fanele ku va na tindlela tin'wana to seketela ku tiyisa leswo nongonoko wa swirhapa swa swakudya wu ya emahlweni, ku endliwa ka swilo swo fana na minongonoko ya vuleteri, ku biyela swirhapa hi mifensi na swipfuneto swo byala (swo fana na timbewu na swinonisi eka swirhapa swa swakudya lomu makaya. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

Artefacts acquire/embody migratory meanings according to contexts of raw material manipulation, use, discard and discourse. First-Millennium Agriculturist ceramics and concomitant private and public significances/use values are placed within aspects of a deep past Stone Age history of space and artefact usage in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Some thought paradigms and cultural contexts are examined as having directly influenced discourse, what artefacts were foregrounded, and in which manner writers of southern African prehistory considered them. Thereafter ceramic artefacts and associated technologies are focussed upon as being intimate to personal/ community lifeways and worldviews. Domestic and ceremonial utilityware, figurines and masks, as well as clay usage in homebuilding and metalworking, and urges to apply a mark to malleable clay, or deliberately alter and/or bury ceramic artefacts; are explored as manifestations of medium and usage well suited to regularly reconfigured meanings . / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M.A. (Art History)

Artefacts acquire/embody migratory meanings according to contexts of raw material manipulation, use, discard and discourse. First-Millennium Agriculturist ceramics and concomitant private and public significances/use values are placed within aspects of a deep past Stone Age history of space and artefact usage in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Some thought paradigms and cultural contexts are examined as having directly influenced discourse, what artefacts were foregrounded, and in which manner writers of southern African prehistory considered them. Thereafter ceramic artefacts and associated technologies are focussed upon as being intimate to personal/ community lifeways and worldviews. Domestic and ceremonial utilityware, figurines and masks, as well as clay usage in homebuilding and metalworking, and urges to apply a mark to malleable clay, or deliberately alter and/or bury ceramic artefacts; are explored as manifestations of medium and usage well suited to regularly reconfigured meanings . / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Art History)