Hook-Proteine spielen eine wichtige Rolle im intrazellulären Transport. Sie binden n-terminal Mikrotubuli, haben eine coiled-coil-Domäne und binden c-terminal Organellen. Da aus humanen Hirnschnitten eine Kolokalisation mit den bei Alzheimerscher Erkrankung auftretenden neurofibrillären Tangles bekannt war, erscheint eine weitere Untersuchung der Expression und Lokalisation von Hook-Proteinen im zentralen Nervensystem interessant. Hierzu wurde die Expression der humanen Hook-Proteine mittels real-time RT-PCR quantifiziert und die Lokalisation der Hook-Proteine in verschiedenen transgenen Mausmodellen der Tauopathie mittels Immunhistochemie dargestellt. Außerdem wurde die cDNA der Hook-Proteine mittels PCR auf alternatives Spleißen untersucht.

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<p>Active secondary suspension in trains has been studied for a number of years, showing promising improvements in ride comfort. However, due to relatively high implementation and maintenance costs, active technology is not being used in service operation to a large extent. The objective of this study is to develop an active lateral secondary suspension concept that offers good ride comfort improvements and enables centring of the carbody above the bogies when negotiating curves at unbalanced speed. Simultaneously, the active suspension concept should be a cost-effective solution for future series production. The thesis consists of an introductory part and three appended papers.</p><p>The introductory part describes the concept of active secondary suspension together with different actuator types and control methods. Further, the present simulation model and applied comfort evaluation methods are presented. The introductory part also comprises a summary of the appended papers, an evaluation of track forces and suggestions for further work.</p><p>Paper A presents the initial development of an active lateral secondary suspension concept based on sky-hook damping in order to improve vehicle dynamic performance, particularly on straight tracks. Furthermore, a Hold-Off-Device (HOD) function has been included in the suspension concept in order to centre the carbody above the bogies in curves and hence avoid bumpstop contact. Preparatory simulations as well as the subsequent on-track tests in the summer of 2007 showed that the active suspension provides improved passenger ride comfort and has significant potential to be a cost-effective solution for future implementation.</p><p>In Paper B, measurement results from on-track tests performed in 2008 are presented. The active secondary suspension concept was slightly modified compared to the one presented in the first paper. One modification was the implementation of a gyroscope in order to enable detection of transition curves and to switch off the dynamic damping in these sections. Ride comfort in the actively suspended carbody was significantly improved compared to that in the passively suspended car. The satisfactory results led to implementation of the active suspension system in long-term tests in service operation in the beginning of 2009.</p><p>In Paper C, a quarter-car model in MATLAB has been used to investigate a more advanced control algorithm: <em>H</em>_∞ instead of sky-hook. <em>H</em>_∞ control provides more flexibility in the design process due to the possibility to control several parameters. In particular, this is done by applying weight functions to selected signals in the system. When comparing the two control strategies through simulations, the results show that <em>H</em>_∞ control generates similar carbody accelerations at the same control force as sky-hook; however, the relative displacement displacement is somewhat lower.</p>

Nowadays, the Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) measurements have become a commonpractice as they are useful for different clinical applications. EBI technology and EBImeasurement systems are relatively simple when compared to other type of medicalinstrumentation. But even in such simple measurement systems measurement artifact mayoccur. One of the most common artifacts present measurements is the Hook Effect, which isidentifiable by the hook-alike deviation on the EBI data that it produces on the impedanceplot.The Hook Effect influences typical EBI data analysis processes like Cole fitting processand the estimation of the Cole parameters, which are critical for several EBI applications.Therefore the Hook Effect must be corrected, compensated or removed before the any fittingprocess.With the goal of finding a reliable correction method the origin and the impact on theEBI measurement of the Hook Effect is studied in this thesis. The currently used Tdcompensation method is also studied and a new approach for compensation and correction ispresented.The results indicate that the proposed method truly corrects the Hook Effect and that themethodology to select the correcting parameters is solid based on the origin of the Hook Effectand it is extracted from the EBI measurement it-self avoiding any external dependency.

The concept of Electrical Bio Impedance prevails in this thesis. The EBI measurement which is used for obtaining the body composition is, by virtue of time becoming of great use as its one of the easiest method of finding out the body composition. In simple words, EBI is the opposition offered by the body to the current. It is just like another analysis tool. The result is only as good as the test is done. In this thesis, we have done the analysis on the neonatal EBI measurements of two kinds.In this work, 293 measurements are obtained from 12 babies and 230 measurements are obtained from 7 babies have been analyzed with the purpose of obtaining reference values for the spectrum of complex EBI. The analysis uses both statistical and model approach of obtaining reference values and in order to fit the given data, Cole model analysis is used.Filters were applied to get the highest degree of correctness. In the due course of the filtering, it was found that the measurements from some babies have been deleted. The Standard Error of Estimation (S.E.E.) is a parameter used for obtaining the further reliable and most probable output. The further analysis is done using MATLAB and the results are been compared to the previous analysis report.

Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) is the opposition offered by the biological material to theflow of electric current. Nowadays EBI technology is widely used for total body compositionand body fluid distribution.In this project a software suite is developed by using the GUI tool of Matlab, thissoftware is meant to help to remove artefacts from the EBI measurement and to visualize theEBIS measurements and the processing performed on them.Hook effect is one of the major artefacts found in EBI measurements, which createsproblems in any analysis. To eliminate the Hook effect some methods are followed. The data’sare processed using these methods and they are visualized. For the better understanding, bothraw data and the corrected data are plotted in impedance and admittance plots. The correcteddata is stored for further use and analysis.

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Detta arbete handlar om att skriva text- och melodi till redan satta ackordbakgrunder. Jag undersöker hur min process av att skriva text- och melodi påverkas av att använda färdiga ackordvändor som skickats till mig istället för att utgå från egenskapade sådana. I bakgrunden till mitt arbete skriver jag om de faktorer som lett mig till att arbeta med denna undersökningen. Jag berättar om min relation till låtskrivande och hur jag tidigare arbetat med det. Här ryms också min inledning där jag skriver om anledningarna till mitt val av undersökning. Syftet med arbetet och mina frågeställningar handlar om vilka processer som uppstår när skriver låtar på det sätt jag dikterat i undersökningen. Under tidigare forskning tar jag upp tre andra konstnärliga examensarbeten som är tematisk lika mitt eget. Jag hämtar inspiration från deras slutsatser och förklarar vad deras arbeten gick ut på. Under metod staplar jag upp ramarna för mitt arbete och den metod jag valt att använda i min undersökning. I genomförandet berättar jag hur processen sett ut för varje ackordvända som jag utgått från i mitt melodi- och textskapande. Jag berättar också om hur jag dokumenterat mitt arbete; genom loggbok och inspelningar (loggboken är integrerad i arbetet och inte bifogad som en separat bilaga). I resultatet svarar jag på mina frågeställningar och hur mitt skapande påverkats av min undersökning, jag konstaterar att både för- och nackdelar med min arbetsmetod uppstått under arbetet. Vidare diskuterar jag resultatet och skriver mycket om de sociala faktorernas inverkan på att skapa musik ensam jämfört med att vara med andra musiker i samma rum och skapa tillsammans. Jag skriver om hur skapande-energi blev ett ämne att reflektera över i min undersökning och tar också upp kritik mot min metod. I min slutsats konstaterar jag att arbetet lärt mig mycket om min arbetsprocess och gett mig tankar och verktyg att ta med mig inför framtida skapande, ensam eller gemensamt.Under fortsatt undersökning kommer jag med tankar och idéer om hur arbetet kan inspirera till framtida forskning och vilka ämnen de kan tangera.

The capability of autonomous operation of ship-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in extreme sea conditions would greatly extend the usefulness of these aircraft for both military and civilian maritime purposes. Maritime operations are often associated with Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) procedures, even though the advantages of conventional fixed-wing aircraft over VTOL aircraft in terms of flight speed, range and endurance are well known. In this work, current methods of shipboard recovery are analysed and the problems associated with recovery in adverse weather conditions are identified. Based on this analysis, a novel recovery method is proposed. This method, named Cable Hook Recovery, is intended to recover small to medium-size fixed-wing UAVs on frigate-size vessels. It is expected to have greater operational capabilities than the Recovery Net technique, which is currently the most widely employed method of recovery for similar class of UAVs, potentially providing safe recovery even in very rough sea and allowing the choice of approach directions. The recovery method is supported by the development of a UAV controller that realises the most demanding stage of recovery, the final approach. The controller provides both flight control and guidance strategy that allow fully autonomous recovery of a fixed-wing UAV. The development process involves extensive use of specially tailored Evolutionary Algorithms and represents the major contribution of this work. The Evolutionary Design algorithm developed in this work combines the power of Evolutionary Strategies and Genetic Programming, enabling automatic evolution of both the structure and parameters of the controller. The controller is evolved using a fully coupled nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom UAV model, making linearisation and trimming of the model unnecessary. The developed algorithm is applied to both flight control and guidance problems with several variations, from optimisation of a routine PID controller to automatic control laws synthesis where no a priori data available. It is demonstrated that Evolutionary Design is capable of not only optimising, but also solving automatically the real-world problems, producing human-competitive solutions. The designed UAV controller has been tested comprehensively for both performance and robustness in a nonlinear simulation environment and has been found to allow the aircraft to be recovered in the presence of both large external disturbances and uncertainty in the simulation models.

This thesis consists of the research on linkage-based fingertips for prosthetic hands. These fingertips consists of small polycentric mechanisms attached to what would be the pulp in normal anatomical fingers. These mechanisms allow the prosthetic hand to conform to the shape of objects during grasp. The goal of these prosthetic fingertips is to maximize the functionality of the hand while minimizing the number of inputs that the user has to control. The stability of the fingertip mechanisms is analyzed using the principle of virtual work. From this analysis we are able to show that the fingertip mechanism is stable for a large range of rotation of the link and for a large range of directions on which the force is applied, and that the mechanism is indifferent to the magnitude of the force applied to it (assuming that the force does not damage/deform the mechanism). To assess if the four-bar mechanisms (fingertips) improve the grasping capabilities in robotics and prosthetics, tests were performed on prosthetic hands and robot grippers with and without the fingertips. Comparisons were made using the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) protocol, which tests the differences and measures the functionality of particular types of grasp, such as power, spherical, lateral, tripod, tip and extension. In the human testing, the overall Index of Functionality (IOF) of the Hosmer hook is 66.65 and 66.21 for the hook with the fingertips. The hook with the fingertips had a better IOF in the spherical and power prehensile pattern. When the IOF is calculated for the tasks that the fingertips were used, in 10 of 11 of the tasks, the IOF is higher than using the Hosmer hook. In the robotic gripper testing, the Index of Functionality was not be calculated because the time to perform the tasks depended more on the robotic control system than on the physical characteristics of the gripper.