A proposta dessa dissertação é analisar as peças The Children´s Hour e The Little Foxes, de Lillian Hellman, pela primeira vez encenadas nos Estados Unidos em 1934 e 1939 respectivamente. A análise discute a forma da peça bem feita e a forma do melodrama nessas obras, assim como o conteúdo delas, a fim de identificar como a crítica social e as formas teatrais propostas pela dramaturga estão intrincadas. Com base em autores como Peter Szondi, essencial para se entender a dialética entre forma e conteúdo, Jean Marie Thomasseau, teórico do melodrama, e de outros que escreveram sobre a peça bem feita, procurou-se entender como Hellman valeu-se das próprias formas correntes da cultura dominante e da indústria cultural para investigar a sociedade capitalista norte-americana. Para a compreensão ampla de tais questões, foram analisados os textos dramatúrgicos, encenações, adaptações para cinema e televisão, tanto nos Estados como no Brasil. Hellman foi constantemente criticada pelas opções formais de suas obras, algo que é revelado pela fortuna crítica mais relevante que foi coletada e é apresentada nessa dissertação, servindo de suplemento para as análises. Lillian Hellman examinou o conservadorismo arbitrário e as estratégias de manutenção do capitalismo criticando a classe dominante através da utilização das formas teatrais privilegiadas por essa classe. / This work aims to analyze Lillian Hellman\'s plays The Children´s Hour and The Little Foxes, which were first performed in the United States in 1934 and 1939 respectively. In addition to the content of these works, the analysis discusses the well-made play and the melodrama in order to identify how social criticism and these theater forms are interrelated, as proposed by her. Based on authors such as Peter Szondi, whose work is fundamental to understanding the dialectics between form and content, and Jean-Marie Thomasseau, a melodrama theorist, as well as others who wrote about the well-made play, this dissertation searches for a comprehension of how the playwright made use of the dominant culture\'s own forms to investigate North-American capitalist society. For a comprehensive understanding of such issues, the dramaturgical texts, performances, as well as film and television adaptations in both the United States and Brazil have been analyzed. Hellman was constantly criticized for the formal choices of her plays, something revealed in articles and essays by relevant critics. These criticisms are presented in this dissertation in order to supplement the analysis. Lillian Hellman criticized the dominant class\' arbitrary conservatism and the strategies of capitalist maintenance by employing theater forms which were endowed by that class.

A proposta dessa dissertação é analisar as peças The Children´s Hour e The Little Foxes, de Lillian Hellman, pela primeira vez encenadas nos Estados Unidos em 1934 e 1939 respectivamente. A análise discute a forma da peça bem feita e a forma do melodrama nessas obras, assim como o conteúdo delas, a fim de identificar como a crítica social e as formas teatrais propostas pela dramaturga estão intrincadas. Com base em autores como Peter Szondi, essencial para se entender a dialética entre forma e conteúdo, Jean Marie Thomasseau, teórico do melodrama, e de outros que escreveram sobre a peça bem feita, procurou-se entender como Hellman valeu-se das próprias formas correntes da cultura dominante e da indústria cultural para investigar a sociedade capitalista norte-americana. Para a compreensão ampla de tais questões, foram analisados os textos dramatúrgicos, encenações, adaptações para cinema e televisão, tanto nos Estados como no Brasil. Hellman foi constantemente criticada pelas opções formais de suas obras, algo que é revelado pela fortuna crítica mais relevante que foi coletada e é apresentada nessa dissertação, servindo de suplemento para as análises. Lillian Hellman examinou o conservadorismo arbitrário e as estratégias de manutenção do capitalismo criticando a classe dominante através da utilização das formas teatrais privilegiadas por essa classe. / This work aims to analyze Lillian Hellman\'s plays The Children´s Hour and The Little Foxes, which were first performed in the United States in 1934 and 1939 respectively. In addition to the content of these works, the analysis discusses the well-made play and the melodrama in order to identify how social criticism and these theater forms are interrelated, as proposed by her. Based on authors such as Peter Szondi, whose work is fundamental to understanding the dialectics between form and content, and Jean-Marie Thomasseau, a melodrama theorist, as well as others who wrote about the well-made play, this dissertation searches for a comprehension of how the playwright made use of the dominant culture\'s own forms to investigate North-American capitalist society. For a comprehensive understanding of such issues, the dramaturgical texts, performances, as well as film and television adaptations in both the United States and Brazil have been analyzed. Hellman was constantly criticized for the formal choices of her plays, something revealed in articles and essays by relevant critics. These criticisms are presented in this dissertation in order to supplement the analysis. Lillian Hellman criticized the dominant class\' arbitrary conservatism and the strategies of capitalist maintenance by employing theater forms which were endowed by that class.

Este estudo é dedicado à análise da redução da jornada de trabalho no Brasil. O trabalho inicia-se por uma narrativa histórica da evolução da jornada de trabalho no mundo e no Brasil. Em seguida, apresenta-se a divergência doutrinária sobre os termos: duração do trabalho, jornada de trabalho e horário de trabalho. São, então, observadas as jornadas especiais de certas categorias profissionais que, por força de circunstâncias particulares da profissão, assumem jornadas de trabalho diferenciadas. Posteriormente, estuda-se a Organização Internacional do Trabalho, suas convenções quanto a jornada de trabalho, bem como a Recomendação 116, sobre a possibilidade da redução progressiva da jornada de trabalho. Por fim, aborda-se a experiência francesa, que diz respeito à redução da jornada de trabalho para 35 horas. Chega-se à conclusão da dissertação, com os argumentos finais e o posicionamento de que a redução da jornada de trabalho, ainda que seja medida essencial para proteção da saúde do trabalhador, não gera emprego e não reduz o desemprego, porém suscita a intensificação do trabalho. / This study is dedicated to the analysis of the working hours reduction in Brazil. The dissertation begins with a historical narrative of the evolution of the working hours in the world and Brazil; with an emphasis on the doctrinal disagreement over the terms: hours of work, working hours and work schedule. Then, it analyzes the working hours for certain professional categories under particular circumstances. Moreover, it studies the International Labour Organization; the conventions and Recommendation 116 about the possibility of progressive working hours reduction. Subsequently, it analyzes the French experience highlighting on the working hours reduction to 35 hours. The dissertation is concluded with the exposition of the final arguments and the position that the working hours reduction does not reduce unemployment and does not increase employment, but cause work intensification. However, it is an essential measure to protect the worker health.

Klimatförändringar är ett allvarligt problem som hotar vår planet och alla dess invånare.Världsnaturfonden (World Wildlife Fund) arbetar för att minimera och förhindra de skrämmandekonsekvenser som vi oundvikligen kommer att möta om vi fortsätter att leva och konsumera som vi gör.Earth Hour-kampanjen är deras viktigaste kampanj som stöder den gröna rörelsen mot klimatförändringar.Earth Hour blev en succé från dag ett i 2007 i Sydney och spred sig snabbt över hela världen och blev englobalt känd händelse. Earth Hour lyckades skapa medvetenhet och föra allmänhetens uppmärksamhet tillämnet. Klimatförändringen fick stort nyhetsvärde i massmedia och genom sociala medier blev den större.Att använda kändisar var ett bra sätt att öka medvetenheten och sprida WWFs budskap som tex. i Turkiet.Sverige gick en annan väg för att ta itu med det globala uppvärmning problemet de kontaktade politikernadirekt. Earth Hour 2014 kommunikationskampanj analyserades och jämfördes genom intervjuer medrepresentanter för WWF i Sverige och Turkiet. Jag strävar efter att göra en djupare analys på likheter ochskillnader mellan dem. Det är intressant att se hur en global organisation genomför sinkommunikationskampanj "Earth Hour" annorlunda i två kulturellt separata länder för att ta itu medsamma problem. / Climate change is a serious problem that threatens our planet and all its inhabitants. The World WildlifeFund puts a great deal of effort to minimize the devastating effects and prevent the frighteningconsequences that the humanity will inevitably face if we do not alter our approach. Addressing this issue,the Earth Hour campaign is the organization’s most important campaign supporting the green movementagainst climate change. The campaign was a success from day one in 2007 in Sydney and quickly spreadaround the world achieving global recognition. The campaign managed to create awareness and bring thepublic's attention to the subject. For example, climate change gained great news value in the mass mediaand through social media, it became greater. Various methods were employed for the promotion of thecampaign. In Turkey, celebrity endorsement proved successful in raising awareness and conveying theWWF's message. Sweden took a different path to address the global warming problem and contactedpoliticians directly. In the current study, the Earth Hour 2014 communication campaigns in Sweden andTurkey were analysed and compared. Data for the study were collected through interviews withrepresentatives of WWF in Sweden and Turkey. With its findings, the study provides valuable insightsinto the similarities and differences between two campaigns. It is noteworthy to see how a globalorganization conducts its "Earth Hour" communication campaign differently in two culturally separatecountries to address the same problem.

In this thesis is solved a proposal of turbochargers testing hour costs reduction. With usage of testing hour costs analysis, SWOT, FMEA and following changes of technical and organizational character is reached more effective testing process and laboratory testing hour costs reduction

This study analyzed The Children's Hour, The Little Foxes, Watch on the Rhine, Toys in the Attic in terms of the forms of human love delineated by Erich Fromm in The Art of Loving. The motives and actions of one or more principal characters and their dramatic situations were studied. It was discovered that, in the plays that were examined, each character responded to his or her situation in a loving or a hateful manner and that these choices with regard to love provided the dramatic matrix of the play.

Au cœur des temporalités urbaines, les horaires de travail rythment les pulsations des activités et mobilités quotidiennes. C'est pourquoi nous interrogeons la possibilité d’échelonner les horaires d’embauche pour atténuer la saturation des transports à l’heure de pointe du matin. Les réponses habituellement privilégiées s’appuient sur des considérations d’ordre technique : c’est l’entreprise qui contraint les salariés à se déplacer au même moment. Une des solutions envisagées consiste alors à promouvoir les horaires de travail à la carte. Mais nos observations relativisent la pertinence de cette idée. En effet, en Île-de-France et pour les déplacements en transports collectifs, la flexibilisation des horaires de travail accentue la concentration temporelle des arrivées au bureau. Ce constat paradoxal demande de renverser la façon dont nous considérons généralement le phénomène de pointe. Avant de chercher à résoudre les problèmes de congestion en heure de pointe, il est nécessaire de comprendre les logiques d’action individuelles qui fondent un choix d’horaire de travail. Pour quelles raisons un salarié aux horaires flexibles arrive-t-il au travail en heure de pointe? Guidées par une approche compréhensive et centrée sur les temporalités du quotidien, nos investigations s’appuient sur les résultats d’un questionnaire (3202 répondants) et d’entretiens (29) réalisés auprès de cadres du pôle d’activité de la Plaine Saint-Denis. Afin de décrire les stratégies temporelles qui expliquent une arrivée au bureau en heure de pointe, nous établissons nos hypothèses de recherche selon trois dimensions :(I) Il subsiste toujours des contraintes de couplage (horaires d’école, de réunion) qui poussent les salariées flexibles à se rendre au travail durant la période de pointe. (II) Les salariés flexibles qui n’ont pas de contraintes de couplage préfèrent (loisir en fin d’après-midi, synchronisation avec les proches) arriver avant ou pendant l'heure de pointe. (III) Il existe des normes sociales d’horaires de travail (normes des salariés disciplinés et du cadre dévoué) qui canalisent les pratiques horaires en sanctionnant les arrivées trop tardives au bureau. La validation de ces hypothèses offre une lecture renouvelée de l’heure de pointe à l’ère de la flexibilité : l’individualisation du rapport au temps (de travail) ne conduit pas à la désynchronisation des agendas. Et finalement, c’est en dévoilant les entrelacs organiques de la synchronisation au travail que la thèse ouvre des pistes opérationnelles pour désaturer les transports aux heures de pointe / At the core of city life, work hours set the rhythm of daily activities and movement. We are therefore investigating the possibility of staggering the start of the work day in order to reduce congestion at morning rush hour. Suggestions typically put forward are based on considerations of a tactical nature: it is companies’ schedules which dictate that workers all commute at the same time. Thus, one proposed solution is to promote flexible work schedules. But our observations call this idea into question: in Île-de-France, as far as public transportation is concerned, flexible work scheduling actually magnifies the number of commuters who arrive at work during rush hour. This paradoxical observation makes it necessary to change the way we usually think of the rush hour phenomenon. Before trying to solve peak congestions problems, we need to understand the underlying reasons on which an individual’s work schedule choices are based. Why does a worker with flexible work hours commute during rush hour? Our research adopts a comprehensive approach and focuses on daily scheduling demands. It relies on the results of a survey (3202 respondents) and interviews (29). Respondents and interviewees are executives from the Plaine Saint-Denis area. To describe temporal strategies that explain voluntary commuting during peak hours, we organize our hypotheses along three dimensions :(I) There remain coupling constraints (school hours, meeting hours) which force workers with flexible hours to go to work during peak hours. (II) Workers with flexible hours and fewer coupling constraints prefer (late afternoon leisure, activities with family and friends) to arrive before or during the rush hour. (III) There are social norms regarding work hours (ideal of the disciplined worker or the dedicated executive) that limit flexibility by frowning on those who arrive overly late at the office. Confirmation of these hypotheses opens the way to a renewed reading of the rush hour phenomenon in the age of flexibility: individualized (work) hours do not result in desynchronized (work) schedules. In conclusion, it is by revealing the organic intricacy of work synchronisation that our thesis generates operational recommendations for reducing congestion at peak hours

Investigou-se a validade do método recordatório de 24 horas, comparando-o com o método de pesagem dos alimentos. A comparação levou em conta alguns atributos do entrevistado (idade, sexo, nível de instrução e ocupação) e do entrevistador (técnico e não técnico) considerando, ainda, o tempo de duração das entrevistas do método recordatório de 24 horas. Verificou-se, além disso, a capacidade desse método na identificação de fatores de risco. Para isso, pesquisou-se o consumo de alimentos, obtendo-se energia e macronutrientes e alguns micronutrientes de 100 indivíduos de 19 anos e mais, de ambos os sexos, residentes no Distrito de Caucaia do Alto, Municipio de Cotia, Estado de São Paulo. Foi elaborado, especificamente para este trabalho, material de apoio, que constituiu de álbum de fotografias de alimentos (com porções diversificadas em vários tamanhos) preparados de acordo com os hábitos alimentares levantados na mesma comunidade, em estudo piloto, acompanhado de lista de equivalência de medidas caseiras e pesos. Considerando energia e nutrientes, os resultados no método recordatório subestimaram a energia, glicídios, ferro e proteínas, para o sexo masculino em alguns grupos etários. Considerando a diferença entre os dois sexos, estas foram significantes para proteínas e glicídios no sexo masculino do grupo etário de 41 a 60 anos. Verificou-se na comparação dos dois métodos, quanto às características do entrevistado, que seu desempenho no recordatório está mais relacionado à idade e sexo do que ao grau de instrução e ocupação. Quanto aos entrevistadores, os não técnicos apresentaram maior percentual de discordâncias no almoço e no jantar. Entrevistas realizadas em tempo inferior a 15 minutos propiciaram mais erros, tanto por omissão como por adição de alimentos. Na identificação de fatores de risco dietético, o método recordatório de 24 horas não conseguiu identificar todos os individuos com alto grau de sensibilidade, como o método de pesagem. / The validity of the 24-hours recall method was investigated compared with the method of the direct weighing of the foodstuffs consumed. The comparison took into consideration some of the data regarding the person interviewed (age, sex, schooling and occupation) and of the interviewer (technician or non-technician) and also considered the duration of the interviews of the 24-hours recall method. Further, the ability of this method to detect risk factors was also taken into consideration. For this purpose, the actual consumption of foodstuffs was researched, thus identifying energy, macro-nutrients and some micro-nutrients, of 100 individuals of 19 years or more of age, of both sexes, resident in the Caucaia do Alto district, Cotia county, São Paulo State. Was prepared especially for this research, pictures of food portions and the list of domestic measures and weight correspondent got from the same community by a previous study. With regard to energy and nutrients, the results of the recall method, underestimated energy, carbohydrates, iron and proteins for the male sex for some age groups. As for the difference between the sexes, there were significant differences for proteins and carbohydrates for the male sex age group of 40 to 60 years. It was discovered that the person interviewed performance in the 24-hours recall method, in terms of age and sex, was better than terms of schooling and occupation. Among the interviewers, the non-technicians showed more errors in lunch and dinner data. The interviews carried out in under 15 minutes contained more errors, whether by omission or by additioin of foodstuffs. In the identification of dietetic risk factors, the 24 hours - recall method didn\'t show a high degree of sensibility as the method of the direct weighing of food.

No description available.

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil funcional do esôfago e a prevalência de refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE) em pacientes candidatos a transplante pulmonar. Métodos: Foram analisados prospectivamente entre Junho de 2005 a Novembro de 2006, 55 pacientes candidatos a transplante pulmonar da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre. Os pacientes foram submetidos a esofagomanometria estacionária e pHmetria esofágica ambulatorial de 24 horas de um e dois eletrodos antes de serem submetidos ao transplante pulmonar. Resultados: A esofagomanometria foi anormal em 80% dos pacientes e a pHmetria revelou RGE ácido patológico em 24%. Os sintomas digestivos apresentaram sensibilidade de 50% e especificidade de 61% para RGE. Noventa e quatro por cento dos pacientes com DPOC apresentaram alteração à manometria, sendo a hipotonia do esfíncter inferior o achado mais frequente (80%). Pacientes com bronquiectasias apresentaram a maior prevalência de RGE (50%). Conclusões: RGE é achado freqüente em pacientes com doença pulmonar avançada. Na população examinada, a presença de sintomas digestivos de RGE não foi preditiva de refluxo ácido patológico. A contribuição do RGE na rejeição crônica deve ser considerada e requer estudos posteriores para seu esclarecimento. / Objective: To assess the prevalecence of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) and esophageal motor profile in lung transplant candidates. Methods: Between July 2005 and November 2006, a prospective study was conducted in 55 candidates for lung transplantation. Patients underwent esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH testing before undergoing transplantation as an attempt to obtain the prevalence of reflux in this subset. Results: Abnormal esophageal manometry was documented in 80% of the patients and abnormal GER was documented in 24% of the patients. Reflux-related symptoms presented sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 61% for GER, respectively. Ninety-four per cent of the patients with COPD presented an abnormal esophageal manometry, and hipotensive lower esphincter was the most common finding (80%). Bronchiectasis patients presented the highest prevalence of GER (50%). Conclusions: GER is highly prevalent in end-stage lung disease. Reflux-related symptoms was not preditive of gastroesophageal reflux. The contribuition of GER to chronic rejection and allograft dysfunction must be considered and needs to be addressed in future studies.