Många av Sveriges vattenkraftverk drivs med gamla tillstånd. Detta har letttill att regeringen tvingat fram en omprövning av alla elproducerandevattenkraftverk mot miljöbalken och moderna miljövillkor. En av de storaåtgärderna som kommer behöva utföras vid många av anläggningarna för attanpassa kraftverket till moderna miljövillkor är byggnation av fiskvägar.Detta medför en betydande kostnad för verksamhetsutövaren och det blirdärför viktigt att hitta lösningar för att hålla ned dessa kostnader så mycketsom möjligt. Ett sätt att spara pengar är genom samordning mellanbyggandet av fiskväg med det återkommande betongunderhållet. Dennarapport undersöker möjligheterna för denna samordning med fokus på tidenför utförande och hur stor kostnadsökningarna faktiskt blir förverksamhetsutövaren. Det visar sig att över majoriteten av kraftverken haråtgärdsbehov i form av betongrenoveringar som ligger väl i tiden för attsamordnas med byggandet av eventuella fisktrappor. Att upphandla bådaåtgärderna under samma upphandling visar sig ha goda chanser förkostnadsbesparing. / Many of Swedens hydropower constructions operates on old permissions.This have led to a national reconsideration for every hydropower stationwhether or not they operates with modern environmental conditions or not.Interviews suggest that the main action that will be required probably is tobuild fish-ladders. This will be a large cost for the operator and therefore itis important to keep the cost as low as possible. One way of saving money isto bundle different projects to reduce costs. This paper investigates whetheror not bundling between building of fish-ladders and the recurring concretemaintenance would be economically advantageous and prefarable for theowner. The focus is to examine the possibility of bundling in terms of thetime-frame of both the construction of the fish-ladder and the concretemaintenance and check the difference in cost between these two actions.The results suggests that a majority of the examined hydropower-stationshave renovation measures to deal with within the same time-frame as theintended construction of fish-ladders. To bundle the two operations alsoseems like an economically preferable choice.

In this paper a system of hydropower plants isanalyzed with the aim of finding a breaking point at which thesystem can no longer handle an alternating electric load whilekeeping the water spillage at a minimum. A model of a partof A° ngermana¨lven with ten power plants were implemented inthe optimization software Spine in order to achieve this. Themodel was then supplied with data of two very challenging casescenarios during a year of operation. The result shows that thesystem, when met with a frequently changing load during theperiod of high local inflow, is able to sustain a high load whilemaintaining stability. On the other hand the case of having thelowest local inflow combined with the highest reservoir levels isalso stable but only with a lower electric load. In conclusion;hydropower systems appear to play a key role in controllingpotential variations in the power system due to its flexibility andstoring capacity. A broader look at large hydropower systemsin Sweden would, however, give us a clearer picture of how wellthese systems can serve as a compensatory energy source in futureCO2-free power systems. / I den här rapporten analyseras ett system avvattenkraftverk med målet att hitta brytpunkten för när systemetinte längre kan tillgodose en skiftande last samtidigt som spill avvatten hålls minimalt. En modell av en del av ångermannälvenimplementerades med tio kraftverk i optimeringsprogrammetSpine för att uppnå detta. Modellen kompletterades sedan meddata från de två veckor då förhållandena för drift var somvärst. Resultatet visar att systemet är stabilt när det belastasmed en snabbt skiftande last och ger då högst elproduktionnär tillrinningen är maximal. Veckan med lägst tillrinning samthögst vattennivå i reservoarerna modellerades också, dock medlägre elproduktion. Slutsatserna som kan dras är att system avvattenkraft verkar vara en viktig del i elproduktionen för attkunna kompensera potentiella variationer i framtida el-system.En mer omfattande studie och modell av vattenkraftverk skulledock ge en bättre bild av hur väl dessa system kan agera som denkompensatoriska faktorn i framtidens koldioxidfria el-system. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2021, KTH, Stockholm

These days more renewable energy sources are beingintegrated into the power system, while nuclear power and otherconventional energy sources are being demounted. This comeswith some obstacles, e.g. the renewable energy sources do nothave the same ability to produce reactive power as conventionalenergy sources do. The purpose of this study is to investigate howthe voltage in a power grid would behave with only renewableenergy sources as generators. A fictive power grid was madeto represent a real power grid based in the region of Dalarna,Sweden. Maintain a stable voltage by only using wind andhydropower was the goal of the study, but also to have an self-sufficient grid that does not have to import power from nearbyregions. By using numerical analysis in Matlab with real data,the grid was simulated. The result was that the fictive grid wasnot able to be entirely self-sufficient as it had to import powerfrom nearby regions. In the constructed grid the voltage neverdeviated more than 1 % from the nominal voltage. In conclusion,the study fulfilled all the goals other than making it independent. / Dessa dagar integreras fler förnybara energikällor i elnätet medan kärnkraft och andra konventionella energikällor demonteras. Detta kommer med några hinder, t.ex att de förnybara energikällorna inte har samma förmåga att producera reaktiv effekt som de konventionella energikällorna kan. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur spänningen i ett elnät skulle uppföra sig med endast förnybara energikällor som generatorer. Ett fiktivt elnät skapades för att representera ett verkligt nät baserat i en region i Dalarna, Sverige. Att ha en stabil spänning genom att bara använda vind- och vattenkraft var studiens syfte, men också att nätet skulle vara självförsörjande och inte behöva importera effekt från grannområdena. Genom att använda numerisk analys i Matlab med verkliga värden simulerades nätet. Resultatet var att det fiktiva nätet inte kunde vara helt oberoende eftersom det var tvunget att importera effekt från de närliggande regionerna. Spänningarna i det konstruerade nätet avvek aldrig mer än 1 % från den nominella spänningen. Sammanfattningsvis uppfyllde nätet alla mål förutom att göra det självförsörjande. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm

Climate change has, in recent decades, warmed the climate and changed carbondynamics in land and water systems. For example, temperature and precipitation canchange carbon dynamics and cause largely unknown consequences. This researchuses data from a unique measuring station near Kattestrupeforsen, Jämtland, Sweden, in order to answer the question of how the pCO2 (ppm) concentration of the water in the local area reacts to changes in the factors of air/water temperature, solar irradiation, precipitation, turbidity, water level and water inflow into the area. This was analysed using a visual analysis of the peaks that occur in the pCO2 and a statistical regression analysis of peak pCO2 events and for each yearly quarter as well as for the identified peak events. Moreover, the limited amount of available turbidity data was visually analysed to comprehend how it correlates with the pCO2 values. The results indicate that the turbidity data available has no visible correlation, possibly due to a lack in data. Temperature data appeared to be responsible for some of the variation seen, although likely more as a conditional value. Irradiation and precipitation data gave inconsequent results and are not deemed likely to influence the peaks in pCO2 in the time scale analysed. Water level and streamflow showed the most stable and significant correlation of all parameters analysed, although they remained relatively inconsistentin their ability to explain pCO2 peaks seen. / <p>2024-03-06</p>

In the present electrical market there is an increasing penetration of intermittent energy sources. Several studies have examined its effect on the planning of hydropower operation and the conclusion is that an increasing intermittent production is likely to result in a more variable hydropower operation, utilising a wider span of operational set points. The wear of a hydropower unit is generally at a minimum when operated close to best efficiency and increases when operating at higher or lower set points. This study introduces a method to calculate an operation dependent cost (ODC) function for an arbitrary hydropower unit or unit combination based on vibration measurements and operational data. The method is tested in a case study where an ODC is implemented in Akkats, located in the Small Lule River in order to evaluate its effect on operational pattern, profitability and balancing contribution. The results show that the implemented ODC mainly affects Akkats. For an increasing ODC, Akkats is operated closer to the best point of efficiency and the operational pattern gets less variable and the effect gets more apparent the lower the spot price. Akkats ability to follow the spot price is reduced, decreasing the earning per produced energy with a few percent­ages. Akkats balancing contribution decreases significantly more, due to a less variable operational pattern. The study compares the reduced ODC to the reduced spot income and concludes that the wear cost in Akkats has to be above 1,21 €/MWh in order to be economically feasible to include in the planning. The operational pattern for the simulated river is close to unchanged at highest price hours but during lower price hours an increasing ODC results in an increased production, due to an increasing mean flow and changed operational pattern in Akkats. More production during low prices hours results in a decreasing profitability for all plants along the river. The balancing contribution is close to unchanged in all plants except Akkats, since the production still follows the same pattern.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sedimentation and the effects it has on turbine blades was the primary problem identified in run-of-river (RoR) hydropower schemes. Sedimentation in RoR hydropower schemes also increases trash rack blockage and reduces energy output in the long-term. Damage occurs to all underwater parts that come into contact with sediment. The main concern is sediment passing through the hydropower intake and causing turbine damage. The reason for the abrasion and cavitation of turbine blades is increased sediment loads in river channels. This problem can be overcome in two ways. The first is the use of existing lakes or reservoir storage upstream as natural sand traps, and the second is by investigating the three features associated with river bend diversion, which are: the optimum diversion location in a river bend to minimise the abstraction of sediment, the optimum diversion structure angle to limit coarse sediment diversion, and the sediment load diverted through the intake. The first objective of the research was investigated by construction of a physical model of a curved river channel to determine the location of the deepest scour forming on the outside of the bend. The second objective was to test the diversion orientation to maximize the local scour and thereby limiting sediment diversion at the intake. A third objective was to compare mathematical 2D model simulated scour results with the findings of the laboratory tests to evaluate the reliability of the numerical model predictions. Finally different diverted discharge ratios were tested with different intake setups in the physical model, to evaluate the sediment load diverted. . The first experiment in the curved laboratory channel was to predict where the deepest scour takes place without a diversion structure. This was then followed by placing a diversion structure at the maximum scour position, retrieved from experiment one, and by angling the structure with reference to the flow direction. The flow direction vector was placed as a tangent to the bend and orientated at angles of 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰ and 60⁰ into the bend direction. The optimum diversion location was found to be positioned on the outside of the bend, approximately 60⁰ into the channel bend. The final position of maximum scour in a 90⁰ bend corresponds with the Sediment Committee and the Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Societies (1992) prediction of 60⁰ into the bend. The optimal diversion had a 30⁰ angle to the flow direction, as this presented the most efficient and effective scouring in front of the model intake. Numerical simulations were performed with the CCHE 2D (hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics) modelling program. The numerical results were compared to the physical results to validate CCHE as a beneficial simulation tool. It was found that the numerical model predicted the scour depths at the intakes tested with an accuracy of 43.8%, which is within the accuracy range of the sediment transport equation used by the numerical model. The final experiment was the diversion of sediment with different intake level heights and discharges. It was evident from the results that low sediment diversion ratios were achieved with a diverted discharge ratio of 50% or less. The intake elevation highest above the channel bed diverted the least sediment. The interrelationship between Diverted Discharge Ratio (DDR), Diverted Froude number Ratio (DFrR) and Diverted Sediment load Ratio (SDR) was established in the study. It is recommended that RoR schemes have sand traps downstream of the diversion structures and that turbines are coated with HVOF to overcome the power loss arising due to the excessive erosion of hydro turbines. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedimentasie en die invloed wat dit het op turbines was die primêre probleem geïdentifiseer in “run-of-river” (RoR) hidrokrag-skemas. Die sediment wat saam met die water uit ‟n rivier uitgekeer word beskadig die inlaatrooster en verlaag kragopwekking in die langtermyn. Skade word aangerig aan alle onderwatertoerusting en masjinerie wat aan sediment blootgestel word. Die grootste probleem tydens die uitkering van water is die growwe sediment wat daarmee deur die onttrekking inlaat gaan en turbineskade veroorsaak. Soos wat die sedimentlading in die rivier drasties toeneem, sal afslyting en kavitasie van turbinelemme meer gereeld voorkom. Dié probleem kan op twee maniere beperk word. Die een is die gebruik van bestaande opgaardamme stroomop, en die tweede is deur die ondersoek van drie kenmerke van rivierdraaie en uitkeringstrukture, bv. die optimale uitskurings posisie in 'n rivierdraai (sonder ʼn struktuur) om die diepste uitskuringposisie op die buitekant van die draai te bepaal, die optimale uitkeringsstruktuuroriëntasie wat maksimum uitskuring verseker en die sediment uitkering beperk, en die lading van sedimentonttrekking deur die inlaat. Die eerste doelwit van die navorsing is ondersoek deur ʼn fisiese model te bou van ʼn kronkelkanaal en te bepaal waar die diepste uitskring plaasvind op die buitekant van die draai. Die tweede doelwit van die studie was om die optimale uitkeringshoek te bepaal vir 'n uitkeringstruktuur sodat die uitskuring by die inlaat ʼn maksimum is om die uitkering van sediment te beperk. ʼn Derde doelwit was om die akkuraatheid van ʼn wiskundige model se uitskuring voorspelling te toets teen die waargenome laboratorium resultate. Die finale doelwit was om vir verskillende inlaatontwerpe, rivier- en uitkeervloeie die sedimentladings wat uitgekeer word te ondersoek. Die eerste eksperiment in die kronkelende kanaal was voorberei om die optimale uitskuring in die draai te bepaal. Dit is gevolg deur toetse met uitkeerstrukture by die maksimum uitskurings posisie te plaas en die hoek van die struktuur dan te verander met verwysing na die vloeirigting. Die vloeirigting vektor was as 'n raaklyn geplaas op die kanaal draai en georiënteer met hoeke: 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰ en 60⁰, in die rigting van die draai. Die optimale uitskurings posisie was aan die buiterand van die kanaal draai gevind, ongeveer 60⁰ in die draai in. Die maksimum uitskuur posisie van 'n 90⁰ kanaal draai stem ooreen met SC en CHES (1992) se resultaat van 60⁰ in die draai in. Daar was ook genoegsame bewyse dat 'n optimale uitkeerwerke oriëntasie van 30⁰ die doeltreffendste en effektiefste uitskuring sal gee. Numeriese simulasies is deur middel van 'n twee dimensionele wiskundige model CCHE 2D (hidro- en sedimentdinamika) uitgevoer. Die numeriese resultate was vergelyk met die laboratoriumresultate om die CCHE program te verifieer as 'n voordelige simulasie program. Daar is gevind dat die wiskundige model die uitskuurdieptes by die inlate met ʼn akkuraatheid van 43.8 % voorspel, wat binne die akkuraatheid is van die sedimentvervoervergelyking wat deur die numeriese model gebruik word. Die finale eksperiment was die uitkering van sediment met verskillende inlaathoogtes en uitkerings sedimentladings. Uit die toetse was dit duidelik dat 'n lae sediment uitkeerverhouding behaal kan word met 'n uitkeerverhouding van 50% en minder. Verdere waarnemings het ook gewys dat die inlaathoogte van die uitkeerstruktuur met die optimale resultate die hoogste bokant die rivierbedding was. Die verwantskap tussen die uitgekeerde deurstromingverhouding, die uitgekeerde Froude getal verhouding en die uitgekeerde sedimentlading is bepaal in die navorsing. Dit word aanbeveel dat sandvangkanale stroomaf van uitkeerwerke geplaas word en dat turbines met HVOF as bedekkingsmateriaal beskerm word om kragverliese as gevolg van buitensporige erosie van die turbines te voorkom.

Esta dissertação desenvolve a idéia de um processo de \"destituição da fala\" de grupos sociais, indígenas, camponeses, ribeirinhos, ameaçados e atingidos por barragens e grupos da sociedade organizada como os sindicatos que representam os trabalhadores das empresas elétricas e organizações não governamentais que discordam da maneira como vem se conduzindo o processo de expansão da oferta de eletricidade através da construção de hidrelétricas. Fazemos dois retrospectos. O primeiro, das lutas sociais por democracia nos últimos 30 anos. O segundo, um histórico da consolidação das empresas elétricas, relacionando-o com a história política brasileira e as relações entre interesses privados e ações de governo. Revela-se uma relação autoritária, pouca participação pública, centralismo decisório e fundamentalmente a prevalência dos interesses capitalistas nos projetos hidrelétricos. O viés autoritário, sendo herança histórica, molda a maneira como até hoje a discussão sobre como a oferta de eletricidade se desenvolve. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo e análise de entrevistas com dirigentes do movimento social organizado, sindicalistas e integrantes da coordenação nacional do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB) revelam a grande distância entre a produção de diagnósticos, reflexões, expectativas das organizações sociais, organizações não governamentais e uma efetiva incorporação desta produção na discussão sobre novos, antigos e futuros projetos hidrelétricos. Há pouco reconhecimento público e institucional das entidades e movimentos sociais que, a despeito de terem propostas e acúmulo de experiências sobre empreendimentos mal sucedidos, reivindicações sobre o passivo social e ambiental das obras já instaladas, não tomam parte dos processos de discussão e decisão. Esta ausência do processo se materializa como elemento de não-reconhecimento e comprometedor da dignidade de ação política destes agrupamentos sociais. A ampliação de espaços de discussão é tratada ao nível teórico e prático a partir da voz dos entrevistados e nos servindo dos estudos das ciências políticas sobre a constituição de esferas públicas, sobre ação comunicativa e sobre a teoria dos movimentos sociais. Dois exemplos internacionais são trazidos para reflexão: o debate público sobre energia no Quebec e o gerenciamento da utilização dos cursos d\'água e das margens dos rios na Holanda. O processo de criminalização dos movimentos sociais é identificado como um obstáculo à idéia de que se crie, na opinião pública, espaço para se discutir de maneira ampla o uso dos rios, das águas e terras ribeirinhas. Conclui-se este trabalho de dissertação apontando algumas oportunidades políticas e frentes de atuação através das quais os movimentos sociais, sindicatos, organizações não governamentais, podem ampliar o espaço de discussão. A participação nos comitês de bacias, exploração das heterogeneidades nos espaços de governo, alianças entre movimento sindical, movimentos sociais e ONGs e a importância dos ciclos de protesto diante de um cenário de criminalização dos movimentos sociais podem, concomitantemente, ampliar espaço e juntar forças para denunciar e se contrapor ao esgotamento dos recursos naturais e à expropriação autoritária e acelerada das terras dos pequenos proprietários, pescadores e moradores ribeirinhos que a instalação de uma quantidade enorme de empreendimentos hidrelétricos vem consolidando. / This Dissertation develops the idea of a process of suppression of the voice of social groups, indigenous peoples, rural workers, riverside populations, those threatened by or victims of Dams construction, and groups of the organized society such as those unions that represent the workers of the electricity companies and non government organizations that disagree with the way how the process of expansion of the electricity supply is being conducted through the construction of hydroelectric plants. We present two retrospective overviews. The first one addresses the social movements in their fight for democracy in the last 30 years. The second one addresses the history of the consolidation of the electricity companies, relating it to the Brazilian politics history and the relationship between private interests and government actions. It is revealed an authoritarian relationship, a small public participation, a centralized decision systems and, essentially, the prevailing of the capitalist interests in the hydroelectric projects. The authoritarian bias, an historic heritage, shapes the way how the discussion on electricity supply developed until the present. The results of the field research and the analysis of the interviews of leaders of the organized social movements, union leaders, and members of the national coordination of the \"Dam Affected People Movement\" - Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB), reveal a large gap between the production of diagnostic analysis, expectances of the social organizations and non government organizations, and any substantial incorporation of this production in the discussion of new, previous and future hydroelectric projects. There is little public and institutional recognition of those organizations and social movements, which, in spite of having proposals, experiences on projects with bad outcomes, and demands on the social and environmental liability of the plants already in operation, do not take part in the discussions of the decision making process. The expansion of the discussion arenas is addressed at the theoretical and practical levels, having as base materials the interviews conducted during the field research and political sciences studies on the constitution of public spheres, on the communicative action, and on the theory of social movements. Two international examples are brought to discussion: the public debate on Energy in the Quebec Province, and the management of the use of the riverside space in the Netherlands. The process of criminalization of the social movements is identified as an obstacle to the idea of creating, in the public opinion, spaces for a comprehensive discussion on the use of rivers, of the water, as well as of the river side lands. This dissertation concludes with the identification of political opportunities and directions of action through which the social movements, unions, and non-government organizations can expand the space for discussion. The participation in river basin committees, the exploration of heterogeneous spaces of government, alliances among the unions movement, social movements and NGOs, and the importance of cycles of protest in a scenario of criminalization of social movements can, all together, expand the space and add strengths to make public and to fight against the exaustion of natural resources and the fast and authoritarian expropriation of lands of small rural owners, fishers and riverine inhabitants, which is being consolidated by the large development of hydroelectric enterprises.

A indústria de energia elétrica é caracterizada por sua importância no planejamento estratégico de um país, uma vez que o crescimento e desenvolvimento socioeconômico são respaldados pela disponibilidade energética nacional. Nesse sentido, a expansão da capacidade de geração, transmissão e distribuição são essenciais para o acompanhamento da evolução econômica e para a inserção social. Com base na atual configuração da matriz energética brasileira e no plano de expansão de energia elétrica, o planejamento de investimentos em projetos de geração é importante para suportar o desenvolvimento do país e o financiamento desses projetos é fundamental para que o planejamento seja cumprido. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho analisa a evolução das formas de financiamento adotadas nos empreendimentos de geração hidrelétrica de grande porte no Brasil, bem como busca identificar fontes alternativas de recursos adequadas às características desses projetos. Para isso, aborda-se o histórico do setor elétrico brasileiro, que alterna entre períodos de predomínio de investimentos públicos. Posteriormente, discute-se a dupla função do poder político, seja por defender os recursos naturais objetos de concessão, seja pela busca de atratividade de investimentos no setor de energia elétrica, e a atuação do BNDES como agente financiador da expansão de energia, com base no modelo Project Finance. As principais características do modelo de Project Finance são apresentadas no capítulo 4 e aborda-se seu aparecimento no Brasil e, mais especificamente, no desenvolvimento do setor elétrico brasileiro. Além disso, investiga-se como os critérios ambientais, relevantes nos empreendimentos de grande porte, interagem com a regulação e com a concessão de financiamentos. Por fim, analisa-se os financiamentos recentes das Usinas Hidrelétricas Santo Antônio, Jirau e Belo Monte, a evolução das políticas praticadas pelo BNDES e as possíveis alternativas de fontes de recursos para investimentos em infraestrutura e, portanto, empreendimentos hidrelétricos de grande porte. / The electric power industry is characterized by its importance in the strategic planning of a country, since the growth and socioeconomic development are supported by national energy availability. In this regard, the expansion of generation capacity, transmission and distribution are essential for monitoring the economic evolution and social inclusion. Based on the current configuration of the Brazilian energy matrix and on the expansion plan for electricity, planning investments in generation projects is important to support the country\'s development, and financing is the key to accomplish such projects. In this context, this paper analyzes the evolution of financing adopted in Brazilian large scale projects of hydroelectric generation as well as seeks to identify alternative funding sources appropriate to the features of these projects. Therefore, the history of the Brazilian electric sector is discussed, which present alternates periods of predominance of public and private investments. In addition, the dual role of political power is discussed, whether by defending natural resources, subject to governmental concession, whether by the pursuit of attractiveness of investments in the electric sector. Also the role of BNDES as financing agent of the expansion of generation capacity is important to be considered, as well as the main features of the Project Finance and its presence on the Brazilian electric sector. Furthermore, a study of how environmental principles, relevant to large energy projects, interact with regulation and the granting of loans is prepared. Finally, the recent funding of Santo Antonio, Jirau and Belo Monte hydroelectric plants analysis is conduced, with regards of the development of financial policies of BNDES and possible alternatives sources of funds for infrastructure investments such as large hydroelectric projects.

A fase pós-aprovação caracteriza-se como a etapa do sistema de avaliação de impacto ambiental iniciada após a emissão da licença prévia. A etapa caracteriza-se pela produção de documentos de acompanhamento e pela gestão e tomada de novas decisões. No Brasil, esse processo caracteriza-se pela apresentação e execução dos Projetos Básicos Ambientais (PBA), que devem ser descritos e executados, pelo empreendedor, com a aprovação, o acompanhamento e a gestão dos órgãos ambientais. Na prática, tem-se a produção de muitos dados socioambientais, que são fundamentais para permitir a gestão no sistema de AIA. Por meio de análises documentais das licenças ambientais emitidas, dos relatórios decorrente do PBA e da aplicação de entrevistas com os gestores do processo de AIA, analisou-se o uso desses dados nos processos de gestões privada e pública. Com vistas aos programas de monitoramento de qualidade da água, o estudo foi aplicado para os empreendimentos hidrelétricos instalados na bacia do rio Corumbá. Verificou-se que: a maioria das licenças ambientais traz condicionantes e recomendações para a execução do programa de monitoramento de qualidade da água, indicando ser importante, na gestão da AIA; que os PBAs apresentam descrição do processo de coleta de dados, métodos de análise, distribuição espacial, cronograma de execução e processo de análise, mas tais projetos são alterados ao longo de sua execução. Os dados apresentam, muitas vezes, métodos adequados, mas carecem de certificações e responsabilidade técnica que confeririam maior confiabilidade aos dados. Por outro lado, na entrevista com os gestores do processo de AIA, todos consideram que o processo pós-aprovação é importante, e a maioria considera que a qualidade dos dados é boa. Nas entrevistas, constatou-se, também, indicativos da gestão desse processo de qualidade, como a devolução de relatórios; por outro lado, nem empreendedores nem os órgãos ambientais realizam gestão desses dados além do próprio processo de licenciamento. Mas acreditam ser possível dar publicidade aos dados para promover uma gestão mais ampla. Para que o sistema de AIA, na fase pós- aprovação, seja mais bem aplicado, é importante que se padronizem as solicitações dos programas ambientais, de modo que empreendimentos licenciados pelos estados ou pela federação tenham o mesmo padrão de detalhamento de dados e métodos, permitindo-se, com isso, uma futura integração de dados; que seja implantada uma ferramenta eletrônica de gestão da informação - preferencialmente com SIG -, o que permitiria maior publicidade; que os dados produzidos sejam adequadamente analisados; e que as atividades de ajustes e melhoras sejam implantadas. / The post-approval phase ls characterized as the environmental impact assessment system\'s stage which began after the issuance of the previous license. The stage is characterized by the production of documents, monitoring, management and making new decisions. In Brazil, this process is characterized by the presentation and implementation of the Basic Environmental Projects (PBA), which should be described and implemented by the entrepreneur, with the approval, monitoring and management of environmental agencies. In the practice, it has been the production of many social and environmental data, which are crucial to allow the management system of Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA). Through documents reviews related to issued environmental permits and reports resulting from the PBA and the application of the interviews with manegers of the AIA process, we analyzed the use of such data in the public and private process managements. With a close approach of water quality monitoring programs, the study was implemented for the hydroelectric plants installed in the Corumbá river. It was found that the majority of environmental licenses conditions provides recommendations for implementing the program of water quality monitoring, showing that the following tasks s in should be performed in the AIA process: PBAs should present description of the process of data collection, analysis methods, spatial distribution, timing of application and review process, but such projects are constantly changed thorough its execution. The data have often appropriate methods, but lack the certifications and technical responsibility that would give more reliability to the data presented. Moreover, in an interview with the managers of the AIA process, they consider that the post-approval process is important, and most of them think that data quality is good. In the interviews, there were also indicators of the quality management of this process, as the return of reports on the other hand, neither entrepreneurs nor the management of environmental agencies hold data beyond the actual licensing process. But all the actors involved believe it is possible to publicize the data in order to promote a more broad diffusion. For a better application of the AIA system in post-approval, it is imperative to standardize the demands of environmental programs, so that enterprises licensed by the states or the federation have the same standard of detail data and methods, allowing themselves, thereby further integration of data, which is implanted an electronic tool for managing information - preferably with GIS - which would allow more publicity, that the data produced are properly analyzed, and the activities of adjustments and improvements are implemented.

O deslocamento populacional forçado é um dos principais impactos de grandes projetos de infraestrutura, sendo grandes barragens um dos principais projetos responsáveis por esse tipo de movimento populacional. Estima-se que, até o final do século XX entre 40 e 80 milhões de pessoas haviam sido deslocadas por grandes barragens. O planejamento e a construção de empreendimentos hidrelétricos encontram-se em expansão tanto em nível mundial como especificamente no Brasil, país cujo investimento em geração hidrelétrica é estratégico e prioritário. Essa tendência sugere que o número de pessoas deslocadas por grandes barragens deva crescer nas próximas décadas, apresentando à sociedade os desafios intrínsecos do deslocamento populacional compulsório. Populações deslocadas por grandes barragens passam pelo estresse do deslocamento geográfico e pelos impactos ambientais decorrentes do próprio barramento, estresses que se sobrepõem no tempo e no espaço. Avaliar como esses estresses influenciam os modos de vida de comunidades deslocadas pode ajudar a entender os resultados do deslocamento compulsório e a desenhar medidas de gestão para o deslocamento. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é compreender como os modos de vida de populações reassentadas em função da instalação de usinas são alterados em processos de deslocamento populacional, considerando as relações socioecológicas. Adotou-se como estudo de caso as usinas hidrelétricas do rio Madeira, Santo Antônio e Jirau. Foram levantados dados secundários e realizadas entrevistas em campo com reassentados e com autoridades, a partir das quais foram organizados dados quantitativos e qualitativos em uma abordagem metodológica mista. Como principais resultados, foi verificada a existência de cinco tendências de adaptação de modos de vida das pessoas deslocadas: (i) a valorização de atividades menos dependentes de ativos naturais em detrimento de atividades diretamente relacionadas a ecossistemas; (ii) a adoção de técnicas de controle de ecossistemas; (iii) a diminuição na diversidade do repertório de modos de vida; (iv) o direcionamento da produção para o mercado e (v) a inserção dos modos de vida em institucionalidades formais. Em conjunto, essas foram associadas a riscos como desarticulação social, aumento do risco à soberania alimentar, diminuição do acesso a recursos livres e diminuição do risco de perda de emprego. A partir desses resultados, recomenda-se medidas de gestão que considerem a interação socioecológica e a perspectiva de locais no processo de deslocamento populacional forçado. / Forced populational displacement is one of the major impacts of large infrastructure projects. Large dams are amongst the main projects that cause such displacement. It is estimated that by the end of the 20th century between 40 and 80 million people were displaced by large dams. The planning and construction of hydroelectric projects are expanding both globally and in Brazil, a country whose investment in hydroelectric generation is strategic and have being prioritized. Such trend suggests that the number of people displaced by large dams should grow in the next decades, making society face the inherent challenges of compulsory population displacement. People displaced by large dams go through the stress of geographic displacement and the stress of environmental impacts caused by the dam itself. These stresses overlap in time and space. Assessing how these stresses influence the livelihoods of displaced communities can help to understand the results of compulsory displacement and to design management measures for displacement. The goal of this research is to understand how the livelihoods of populations resettled due to the installation of hydropower plants are altered in processes of population displacement, considering socioecological relations. The hydroelectric plants of the Madeira river, Santo Antônio and Jirau, were adopted as a case study. Secondary data were collected, and field interviews were conducted with resettled people and with authorities. Quantitative and qualitative data were organized in a mixed methodological approach. As results, were identified five adaptive trends in the livelihoods of displaced people: (i) to value activities that are less dependent on natural assets at the expense of activities directly related to ecosystems; (ii) the adoption of techniques to control ecosystems; (iii) the decrease in the diversity of livelihoods repertoire; (iv) the orientation of production to cash crops to sell in the market and (v) the insertion of ways of life into formal institutions. Together, these trends were associated with risks such as social disarticulation, increased risk to food sovereignty, reduced access to common resources and reduced risk of joblessness. From these results, are recommended management measures that consider socioecological interaction and locals perspective in the process of forced displacement.