Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-23T18:22:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneCostaGomes_TESE.pdf: 1812437 bytes, checksum: ed42ad498540393ee732944b2914bdfa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monica Paiva (monicalpaiva@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-23T18:30:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneCostaGomes_TESE.pdf: 1812437 bytes, checksum: ed42ad498540393ee732944b2914bdfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T18:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneCostaGomes_TESE.pdf: 1812437 bytes, checksum: ed42ad498540393ee732944b2914bdfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN) / Analisaram-se a ocorr?ncia de sintomas gastrointestinais e extraintestinais em crian?as e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) e com s?ndrome de Down (SD), sua associa??o a marcadores sorol?gicos e altera??es histopatol?gicas da doen?a cel?aca (DC), representando suas formas cl?nicas no iceberg cel?aco. Realizou-se estudo de corte transversal no per?odo de novembro/2009 a dezembro/2012, em unidade ambulatorial pedi?trica de hospital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), que incluiu DM1=111 e SD=77 pacientes. Coletaram-se dados cl?nico-demogr?ficos. Anticorpos IgA antiendom?sio (EmA) e anti-transglutaminase tecidual (anti-tTG) e IgA s?rica foram determinados, assim como anti-tTG/IgG, quando a IgA s?rica foi baixa. Pacientes com anticorpos positivos foram submetidos ? bi?psia de intestino delgado (BID). Classificaram-se as formas da DC segundo crit?rios ESPGHAN-2012 e representadas no iceberg cel?aco. Aplicaram-se os testes qui-quadradode Pearson, Fisher, ?t? de Student e Mann-Witney, com ?p? significante ? 5. Sintomas gastrointestinais ocorreram em 53,7%, extraintestinais em 4,3% e anticorpos foram positivos em 28,2%(n=53). Houve associa??o dos anticorpos com sintomas gastrointestinais, mas n?o com altera??es histopatol?gicas da DC. Dos que realizaram BID (n=40), os achados foram compat?veis com DC em 37,5%, sendo DM1=05/111(4,5%) e SD=10/77(12,9%). Identificaram-se as formas cl?nicas: gastrointestinal (32,5%), silenciosa (5,0%) e potencial (62,5%). A alta ocorr?ncia de sintomas gastrointestinais e sua associa??o a marcadores sugeriu poss?vel influ?ncia destes na sele??o de pacientes com marcadores positivos. No entanto, a falta de associa??o com achados histopatol?gicos da DC revelou a inconsist?ncia dos sintomas para o reconhecimento da doen?a. Apesar da predomin?ncia da forma gastrointestinal nos casos de DC ativa, sua contribui??o no iceberg cel?aco foi menor do que a forma potencial, que determinou sobremaneira a base larga e submersa do iceberg cel?aco nos grupos de risco estudados. / Analisaram-se a ocorr?ncia de sintomas gastrointestinais e extraintestinais em crian?as e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) e com s?ndrome de Down (SD), sua associa??o a marcadores sorol?gicos e altera??es histopatol?gicas da doen?a cel?aca (DC), representando suas formas cl?nicas no iceberg cel?aco. Realizou-se estudo de corte transversal no per?odo de novembro/2009 a dezembro/2012, em unidade ambulatorial pedi?trica de hospital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), que incluiu DM1=111 e SD=77 pacientes. Coletaram-se dados cl?nico-demogr?ficos. Anticorpos IgA antiendom?sio (EmA) e anti-transglutaminase tecidual (anti-tTG) e IgA s?rica foram determinados, assim como anti-tTG/IgG, quando a IgA s?rica foi baixa. Pacientes com anticorpos positivos foram submetidos ? bi?psia de intestino delgado (BID). Classificaram-se as formas da DC segundo crit?rios ESPGHAN-2012 e representadas no iceberg cel?aco. Aplicaram-se os testes qui-quadradode Pearson, Fisher, ?t? de Student e Mann-Witney, com ?p? significante ? 5. Sintomas gastrointestinais ocorreram em 53,7%, extraintestinais em 4,3% e anticorpos foram positivos em 28,2%(n=53). Houve associa??o dos anticorpos com sintomas gastrointestinais, mas n?o com altera??es histopatol?gicas da DC. Dos que realizaram BID (n=40), os achados foram compat?veis com DC em 37,5%, sendo DM1=05/111(4,5%) e SD=10/77(12,9%). Identificaram-se as formas cl?nicas: gastrointestinal (32,5%), silenciosa (5,0%) e potencial (62,5%). A alta ocorr?ncia de sintomas gastrointestinais e sua associa??o a marcadores sugeriu poss?vel influ?ncia destes na sele??o de pacientes com marcadores positivos. No entanto, a falta de associa??o com achados histopatol?gicos da DC revelou a inconsist?ncia dos sintomas para o reconhecimento da doen?a. Apesar da predomin?ncia da forma gastrointestinal nos casos de DC ativa, sua contribui??o no iceberg cel?aco foi menor do que a forma potencial, que determinou sobremaneira a base larga e submersa do iceberg cel?aco nos grupos de risco estudados.

<p>"Reading the Street" chronicles the rise of black pulp fiction in the post-civil rights era from the perspective of its urban readership. Black pulp fiction was originally published in the late 1960s and early 1970s; it consisted of paperback novels about tough male characters navigating the pitfalls of urban life. These novels appealed mainly to inner-city readers who felt left out of civil rights' and Black Power's promises of social equality. Despite the historic achievements of the civil rights movement, entrenched structural inequalities led to America's ghettos becoming sites of concentrated poverty, rampant unemployment, and violent crime. While mainstream society seemed to turn a blind eye to how these problems were destroying inner-city communities, readers turned to black pulp fiction for the imaginative resources that would help them reflect on their social reality. In black pulp fiction, readers found confirmation that America was not on the path toward extending equal opportunities to its most vulnerable citizens, or that the rise of Black Power signaled a change in their fortunes. Yet in black pulp fiction readers also found confirmation that their lives as marginalized subjects possessed a value of its own, and that their day-to-day struggles opened up new ways of "being black" amid the blight of the inner city.</p> / Dissertation

Ces travaux de thèse présentent les processus de fracturation des glaciers émissaires menant au vêlage. Dans le cadre du programme CRAC-ICE, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'évolution du glacier émissaire Mertz, situé sur la côte George V en Antarctique de l'est. Avant son vêlage qui a eu lieu en Février 2010, libérant un iceberg de 80 km de long par 35 km de large, ce glacier était caractérisé par une langue de glace se développant sur l'eau. Cette langue de glace, séparée par une faille depuis le début des années 1990, était longue de 150 km par 35 km de large. Grâce à un ensemble de données in-situ, d'images satellite basse et haute résolution et le développement d'un modèle océanique (TUGO-Mertz), nous avons suivi l'évolution de ce glacier ainsi que le devenir de son iceberg. La première partie de ce travail a consisté à développer une stratégie de traitement de données GPS nous permettant ainsi d'obtenir la meilleure précision possible sur nos données in-situ. Ces données ont été traitées via le logiciel GINS et une technique de traitement appelée IPPP basée sur le positionnement absolu et la résolution des ambiguïtés en valeurs entière. La précision des résultats de positionnement nous a permis d'observer des oscillations d'am- plitude centimétrique et de période de quelques minutes, qui, comparées à un modèle de poutre d'Euler-Bernoulli, correspondent à des modes de vibration de la langue de glace dans trois configurations différentes. Les périodes de ces oscillations s'échelonnent de 5 minutes à quelques heures. Dans ces gammes de valeurs, les principaux forçages océa- niques sont la houle et les ondes d'Infra-Gravité. De plus, nous avons pu démontrer que les mouvements associés à la vibration du glacier entraînent une torsion favorisant sa fracturation. A plus grande échelle, les courants de marée ainsi que la hauteur de surface impactent sur l'évolution de la langue de glace. Les effets des courants se concentrent principalement sur l'ouverture des crevasses principales tandis que la hauteur de surface tend à moduler la vitesse d'écoulement du glacier. Cette modulation représente environ 5 cm/jour soit 14 % de la vitesse moyenne. Par ailleurs, nous avons suivi l'évolution de la crevasse principale du glacier ; une originellement ouverte sur la partie est de la langue de glace et une ouverte sur la partie ouest. Elles ont ensuite continué son développement jusqu'au vêlage du glacier.Pour finir, nous nous sommes intéressés aux différents acteurs en jeu lors de la rupture de la langue de glace menant au vêlage. L'action de l'iceberg B09B et la modification des courants a joué un rôle lors de cet évènement même si la crevasse était en cours de développement. L'ensemble de ces résultats nous a permis d'identifier un large spectre de processus opérant avant et pendant un épisode de vêlage. Ces processus sont majoritaires dans l'évolution du glacier Mertz, mais ne sont pas encore pris en compte dans les modèles universels de vêlage.

晚近對於應否將金融服務納入消費稅基，及其稅率如何訂定的相關討論，大都從“金融服務為非最終消費”的角度出發，然而這樣觀點並不適用於所有種類之金融服務；將全部的金融服務視為一體來探討此一課題並不恰當，其結果也可能有所偏頗。 此外，以消費者的個人效用極大化問題來討論將金融服務納入消費稅基雖為正確作法，但卻忽略了政府在經濟體系中所扮演的角色及消費者行為可能對社會福利造成的影響。Rousslang（2002）認為，由於政府也是金融服務的使用者之一，而所面對的使用成本卻可能與消費者不同，在此種模型下，個人追求效用極大的行為會經由不同的租稅政策而產生不同的社會成本。 本文以Rousslang（2002）為基礎，將金融服務的性質分為最終消費與非最終消費兩種，研究發現，在金融課稅採總額型下，金融服務應否課稅及其稅率高低，與政府使用金融服務的成本，以及非最終消費性質之金融服務佔整體服務之比例息息相關。 此外，不同的課稅方式可能會對私人選擇及社會成本有不同的影響 ，進而影響最適租稅政策。吾人試圖將模型延伸，將金融課稅改為加值型，並與總額型之結果作一比較，結果發現：當政府與私人面對相同的金融服務使用成本時，兩者最適稅率之訂定相同，而當政府使用金融服務不需付費時，加值稅制下最適稅率之訂定會受金融機構本身生產成本及報酬的影響。

The use of iceberg-keel ploughmarks as proxy indicators of past and present iceberg morphology, keel depth and drift direction has seldom been approached in the southern hemisphere. Using high-resolution multi-beam swath bathymetry of the mid-shelf Pine Island Trough and outermost Weddell Sea shelf regions of Antarctica, detailed analysis of >13,000 iceberg-keel ploughmarks was undertaken. By considering the draft of icebergs calved from Antarctica today, calculated from detailed satellite altimetric datasets by this work, almost all observed ploughmarks were interpreted to be relict features. In Pine Island Trough, ploughmark planform parameters and cross-sections imply calving of a large number of non-tabular icebergs with v-shaped keels from the palaeo-Pine Island-Thwaites ice stream. Geological evidence of ploughmark form and modern water depth distribution indicates calving-margin thicknesses (949 m) and subaerial ice cliff elevations (102 m) equivalent to the theoretical threshold predicted to trigger ice-cliff structural collapse and calving by marine ice-cliff instability (MICI) processes. Thus, ploughmarks provide the first observational evidence of rapid retreat of the palaeo-Pine Island-Thwaites ice stream, driven by MICI processes commencing ~12.3 cal ka BP. On the Weddell Sea shelf, ploughmark morphologies imply considerable variation in palaeo-iceberg shape and size, most likely reflecting calving from multiple source margins. In turn, an absence of grounded ice on the Weddell Sea shelf and a palaeo-oceanographic regime comparable to today are implied at the time of formation. Analysis of a 3D seismic cube of the Sea Lion Field area of the North Falkland Basin reveals iceberg-keel ploughmarks incised into the modern- and palaeo-seafloor, formed by icebergs of varying shape and size that most-likely calved from the Antarctic Ice Sheet during three past glacial periods (estimated ages ~18 - 26.5 ka BP, ~246 ka BP, ~9.8 Ma BP). Despite illustrating the possibility of iceberg drift into the North Falkland Basin today, the relict ploughmark age implies little risk to any seafloor structures in the area, which might be required for hydrocarbon production. By these analyses, the significance of iceberg-keel ploughmarks as indicators of palaeo-glaciology and palaeo-oceanography at the time of formation is emphasised.

Orientador: Marcelo Cristianini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcante_DanielAugusto_M.pdf: 768554 bytes, checksum: 806781e209c7df41d14d5cfcb03e7401 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A etapa de sanitização é critica e de suma importância para a qualidade microbiológica de vegetais. ÿ importante que o sanitizante seja além de eficaz, seguro do ponto de vista toxicológico. O uso do ozÃ'nio durante o processamento de vegetais prolonga a vida de prateleira, preserva os atributos sensoriais e não produz resíduos tóxicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a eficiência o ozÃ'nio como sanitizante em hortaliças folhosas. Em um primeiro momento foi verificada a ação do sanitizante in vitro em Escherichia coli O157:H7 e Bacillus subtilis. O ozÃ'nio foi utilizado nas concentrações de 0,6, 0,8 e 1,0 mg L-1 nos tempos de 1, 3 e 5 minutos para cada concentração. Na seqüência observou-se a ação de água ozonizada durante um minuto na sanitização de alface americana inoculada com E. coli O157:H7 na concentração de 1,0 mgL-1 e, para completar o estudo, foi verificado o comportamento da hortaliça durante dez dias de armazenamento a 2ºC, sob ação de 1,0 mg L-1 de água ozonizada nos tempos de 1, 2 e 3 minutos. No estudo in vitro a E. coli O157:H7 e o Bacillus subtilis, no tempo de 3 minutos de exposição a 1,0 mg L-1 de água ozonizada, apresentaram uma redução de 6,6 e 6,3 ciclos logarítmicos, respectivamente. A atuação de 1,0 mgL-1 de água ozonizada aplicada durante 1,0 minuto em alface americana inoculada intencionalmente com E. coli O157:H7 apresentou uma redução média de 3,2 ciclos logarítmicos. No trabalho de vida de prateleira a alface permaneceu com menos de 3 NMP g-1 de Coliformes termotolerantes durante os 10 dias de tempo de estocagem nos tempos de 1, 2 e 3 minutos, após ser sanitizada com água ozonizada na concentração de 1,0 mgL-1, enquanto que as alfaces tratadas apenas com água corrente apresentaram, no último dia de estocagem, uma população de 1,1x104 NMP g-1 do mesmo microorganismo. Os resultados demonstram que o ozÃ'nio na concentração de 1,0 mgL-1 no tempo de 1 minuto é capaz de manter a qualidade microbiológica de alface americana dentro dos padrões higiênicos vigentes / Abstract: The sanitization is a critical stage for the microbiological quality of vegetables. Itâ?¿s important that the sanitizer has effectiveness, and most be safe of the toxicological point of view. The use of ozone during the process of vegetables contributes to extend their shelf life, to preserve their sensorial attributes without producing toxic residues. The objective of this work was to study the potential of ozone as sanitizer in vegetables. In a first moment, the action of the sanitizer in vitro was verified in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Bacillus subtlis. The ozone was used at concentrations of 0,6, 0,8 and 1,0 mg L-1 in times of 1, 3 and 5 minutes for each concentration. In the sequence the action of 1,0 mg L-1 of ozone water was observed during one minute in the sanitization of iceberg lettuce inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and, to complete, the behavior of the vegetable was verified during ten days of storage at 2ºC, by the action of 1,0 mg L-1 of ozone water in times of 1, 2 and 3 minutes. In the study in vitro, the E. coli O157:H7 and the Bacillus subtilis, exposed for 3 minutes to 1,0 mg L-1 of ozone water, presented a reduction of 6,6 and 6,3 logarithmic cycles, respectively. The performance of 1,0 mg L-1 of ozone water applied for 1,0 minutes in Iceberg lettuce inoculated intentionally with E. coli O157:H7 presented a medium reduction of 3,2 logarithmic cycles. Concerning to shelf life the lettuce stayed with less than 3 MPN g-1 of Coliforms thermtolerants during the 10 days of storage in the times, after being sanitized with ozone water 1, 2 and 3 minutes in the concentration of 1,0mg L-1. On the other hand, the lettuce treated only with current water presented, in the last day of storage, a population of 1,1x104 MPN g-1 of the same microorganism. The results demonstrate that the ozone in the concentration of 1,0 mg L-1 in the time of 1 minute is capable to maintain the microbiological quality of iceberg lettuce inside of the effective hygienic patterns / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Kontext, värderingar och människors personliga tyckande är något som alltid kommer vara en del av samhället. Stadsplaneringen är en komplex process där olika viljor och intressen konkurrerar och stadsplanerare som tjänstepersoner har en viktig roll. Detta arbete strävar efter att undersöka hur kontext och värderingar påverkar de val stadsplanerare gör i sin vardag. I studien presenteras tre teorier som beskriver kontext och värderingsaspekter i de mänskliga systemen. Med stöd från dessa teorier skapades ett antal experimentella intervjufrågor och tre stycken djupintervjuer genomfördes med stadsplanerare som arbetar inom Stockholms län. Resultatet från de kvalitativa intervjuerna visade att kontext och värderingar spelar roll för stadsplaneringens slutresultat och att speciellt kontext i form av arbetsorganisation har betydelse. På grund av arbetets experimentella karaktär kunde inga allmänna slutsatser kring planerarrollen att dras. En del av arbetet var att testa ifall de valda teorierna och den valda kvalitativa forskningsmetoden var användbara för att undersöka hur de olika aspekterna kring kontext och värderingar hanteras av stadsplanerare. Metoden fungerade någorlunda, men vissa av intervjufrågorna bör utvecklas något. Alternativa metoder, såsom exempelvis fokusgrupper, diskuteras i slutet av arbetet. / Context, values and people's personal opinions are something that will always be a part of society. Urban planning is a complex process where different wills and interests compete and urban planners as officials have an important role. This work strives to investigate how context and values affect the choices city planners make in their everyday lives. The study presents three theories that describe context and value aspects in the human systems. With the support of these theories, a number of experimental interview questions were created and three in-depth interviews were conducted with city planners working in Stockholm County. The results from the qualitative interviews showed that context and values play a role in the end result of urban planning and that special context in the form of work organization is important. Due to the experimental nature of the work, no general conclusions about the planner role could be drawn. Part of the work was to test whether the chosen theories and the chosen qualitative research method were useful to investigate how the various aspects of context and values are handled by city planners. The method worked reasonably well, but some of the interview questions should be developed somewhat. Alternative methods, such as focus groups, are discussed at the end of the work.

El presente trabajo está justificado por la necesidad real constatada por las empresas hortofrutícolas de mejorar la calidad de la lechuga Iceberg en vistas a su exportación a los países de la Unión Europea y, también, con el propósito de conocer el comportamiento fisiológico de esta hortaliza cultivada en la comarca del Campo de Cartagena de la Región de Murcia (España). La mejora de la calidad hace referencia a conseguir mantenerla desde la cosecha hasta el lugar de consumo, ya que la calidad del producto cosechado suele ser bastante buena. Respecto al comportamiento fisiológico, se ha pretendido conocer el potencial de conservación de la lechuga y el efecto del preenfriamiento y uso de las atmósferas modificadas en el mantenimiento de la calidad. También se han estudiado las alteraciones fisiológicas y microbianas que aparecen en las lechugas del Campo de Cartagena y el efecto de la refrigeración y coadyuvantes durante su almacenamiento. Como un complemento necesa rio al estudio de la calidad, se han determinado las características de permeación a los gases metabólicos de los envases plásticos destinados a la conservación de los productos vegetales en atmósferas modificadas y el comportamiento respiratorio de la lechuga con el fin de obtener una estrategia de diseño de envase que permita conocer las exigencias de este producto en relación al tipo de envasado que requiere. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que la lechuga Iceberg cultivada en el Campo de Cartagena es muy sensible a las alteraciones fisiológicas de nervaduras rosáceas y mancha canela sin mediación del etileno, que constituyen los principales problemas en su exportación. La solución planteada pasa por sustituir el envase actual, polipropileno macroperforado, por polipropilenos no perforados, biorientados o de tipo estándar, que han permitido reducir de forma drástica la incidencia de estas dos alteraciones y mantener un mejor aspecto visual incluso tras dos semanas de almacenamiento refrigerado. Si embargo, se debe controlar correctamente la temperatura y mantener la cadena de frío, ya que el envasado de la lechuga en estos polímeros no perforados presenta riesgos de incidencia de otras alteraciones fisiológicas como la mancha parda y el daño del cogollo interior. La reducción de las alteraciones en atmósfera modificada se ha atribuido a los niveles favorables de O2 (no menos del 10% y no más del 15%) y de CO2 (entre el 1 y el 4%) y su efecto beneficioso para frenar el metabolismo combinado con la reducción de la temperatura de refrigeración. / This study was accomplished because of horticultural Spanish companies needed to improve Iceberg lettuce quality to be exported towards the European Community countries and, at the same time, to know the physiological behaviour of this vegetable grown in the Campo de Cartagena area of the Murcia Region (Spain). The quality improvement consists of maintaining the lettuce quality from harvest to consumption, since the lettuce quality was usually quite good at harvest. Regarding to physiological behaviour, in this work it was searched both the lettuce shelf life and the effect of cooling and modified atmosphere packaging on maintaining quality. In the same way, the physiological and microbiological disorders which appeared in the lettuces grown in the Campo de Cartagena and the effect of chilling storage and other techniques were studied. In addition to this quality study, lettuce respiration and metabolic gas permeation throughout polymeric packages for using in modifi ed atmosphere packaging were studied. The data obtained permit to know the film requirements and to design an optimum modified atmosphere packaging for Iceberg lettuce. The results demonstrated that Iceberg lettuce grown in Campo de Cartagena is very sensitive to physiological disorders ‘pink rib’ and ‘russet spotting’ this last one without ethylene releasing. These are the main problems when lettuces are exported. Both non-perforated bioriented polypropylene and standard polypropylene were proposed as alternatives to substitute the conventional macroperforated polypropylene. The gas composition reached within packages with these films permitted to reduce drastically the above mentioned disorders and to maintain the overall quality for periods longer than two weeks under chilling. Both temperature and cold chain must be correctly kept so that no risks of either ‘brown stain’ or ‘heart-leaf injury’ can appear due to an inadequate use of non-perforated films. The disorders red uction was attributed to levels of O2 (between 10 to 15%) and CO2 (between 1 and 4%) within the packages and the favourable effects of those atmospheres combined with the use of chilling storage temperatures on restraining lettuce metabolism.

No description available.

No description available.