No description available.

Les récepteurs de l’acide rétinoïque, RARα, β et γ sont des facteurs de transcription dépendants du ligand qui contrôlent l’expression de gènes spécifiques. Cependant, il s’avère depuis peu que les RAR ont aussi des effets non-transcriptionnels extranucléaires. Durant ma thèse, j’ai observé que (1) les fibroblastes invalidés pour tous les RAR ont un cytosquelette d’actine perturbé et ont perdu leurs propriétés d’adhésion (2) RARα interagit via son motif riche en proline N-terminal avec la profiline 2a (PFN2a) qui est un régulateur critique de l’élongation des filaments d’actine du cytosquelette. J’ai montré que : (1) Les RAR contrôlent la morphologie, l’adhésion et la migration des MEF via la régulation transcriptionnelle de l’expression de gènes codant pour des protéines d’adhésion (2) Dans le cytoplasme, RARα forme avec PFN2a des complexes dont le nombre contrôle le réseau d’actine et l’adhésion des MEF via un mécanisme non transcriptionnel. Ces observations mettent en exergue l’importance de la combinaison des effets génomiques et non-génomiques des RAR dans l’adhésion des cellules et ouvrent de nouvelles possibilités de dérégulation du fonctionnement des RAR dans certaines pathologies. / Retinoic acid receptors, RARα, β and γ are ligand-dependent transcription factors that control the expression of specific genes. However, growing evidence indicates that RARs also have extranuclear and non transcriptional effects. During my thesis, I observed that (1) fibroblasts invalidated for all RARs depict a disrupted actin cytoskeleton and have lost their adhesion properties (2) RARα interacts through its N-terminal proline rich motif with profilin2a (PFN2a) a critical regulator of actin filaments elongation. I have shown that: (1) RARs control the morphology, adhesion and migration of MEFs via controlling at the transcriptional level the expression of adhesion genes (2) In the cytosol, RARα forms complexes with PFN2a. The number of these complexes controls the actin network and the adhesion of MEFs via a non-transcriptional mechanism. These observations highlight the importance of the combined genomic and non-genomic effects of RARs in cell adhesion, and open new avenues for RARs deregulations in certain pathology.

Lungcancer är en heterogen sjukdom som kräver många histopatologiska analyser för att diagnostisera och behandla effektivt. Dessa analyser utförs för närvarande med singelplex immunohistokemi (IHC) vilket kräver mycket vävnadsprovmaterial om flera markörer behöver färgas för. I den här studien testades två tillvägagångssätt för multiplex immunfluorescens (IF) (indirekt sekventiell IF och multiplex tyramide signal amplification med spektral avblandning) för att se om en panel av 7 markörer, som rutinmässigt används kliniskt, kunde färgas i ett enda experiment på samma vävnadsprov. För att göra detta användes COMET- och LabSat-instrumenten från Lunaphore och de utvärderades utifrån kvalité och användarvänlighet. På COMETen kunde alla sju markörer inkluderas i panelen medan tillvägagångssättet med TSA på LabSat var begränsat till sex markörer på grund av protokollet för spektral separation. Panelen optimerades på COMET och sedan gjordes multiplexa färgningar med båda instrumenten. Färgningarna från LabSat avbildades med mikroskopet på PhenoImager Fusion-instrumentet. Alla färgningar på COMET var av god kvalité medan LabSat hade behövt vidare optimering för att prestera på samma nivå. COMETen fanns också vara det mer användarvänliga instrumentet pga det integrerade mikroskopet och mindre behov av användarintervention. Denna studie visade att det är möjligt att översätta singelplexa IHC-analyser till multiplex IF med vissa optimeringar och byte av några antikroppskloner. / Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that requires many histopathological analyses to diagnose and treat efficiently. These analyses are currently performed with singleplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) which needs a lot of tissue sample material if multiple markers have to be stained for. In this study, two different multiplexed immunofluorescence (IF) approaches (indirect sequential IF and multiplexed tyramide signal amplification with spectral unmixing) were tested to see if a panel of 7 markers routinely used in clinic to could be stained in a single experiment on the same tissue sample. To do this, the COMET and LabSat instruments from Lunaphore were used and evaluated in regards to quality and ease of use. With the COMET all seven markers could be included in the panel while the TSA approach on LabSat was limited to six markers due to the spectral unmixing protocol. The panel was optimized on COMET and then multiplexed stainings were performed on both instruments. The LabSat staining was imaged on the PhenoImager Fusion microscope. All the stainings were of good quality on the COMET while the LabSat would have needed further optimization to perform at the same level. The COMET was also found to be the more user-friendly instrument due to its integrated microscope and lesser need for user intervention. This study showed that it is possible to translate singleplex IHC analyses into multiplexed IF with some optimizations and change of a few antibody clones.

Orientador: Hélio Amante Miot / Resumo: A patogênese do melasma, especialmente o papel dos queratinócitos e fibroblastos no desenvolvimento e manutenção da doença não é bem compreendida. Alterações dérmicas como dano estrutural à zona de membrana basal, melanócitos em pêndulo, elastose solar, celularidade, proliferação vascular, além da expressão de mediadores inflamatórios, fatores de crescimento, expressão epitelial de melanocortina e receptores dos hormônios sexuais; sugerem interação entre a unidade epidermo-melânica e a derme na fisiopatologia do melasma. A pigmentação melânica da pele pode ser estimulada por diferentes vias de sinalização, sendo a radiação ultravioleta, citocinas dérmicas e inflamação epidérmica, os modelos mais usuais. Neste estudo, objetivamos comparar a morfologia nuclear e a textura da cromatina entre queratinócitos basais no melasma facial e pele adjacente, investigar a ativação das diferentes vias de estímulo à pigmentação, além do envolvimento da derme, com foco na zona de membrana basal e colágeno, no melasma facial. Para a sua execução, foram coletados pares de biópsias faciais (2mm) de mulheres adultas com melasma e de pele adjacente (<2 cm). Processaram-se para coloração de PAS e picrosirius red; imunofluorescência para p53, p38, IL- 1α, αMSH, MC1R e COX2; imunoistoquímica para Melan-Acontracorada com PAS; Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão, além de cultura primária de fibroblastos para real-timePCR array e marcação para SA-β-gal. Foram avaliados: núcleos de quer... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The melasma pathogenesis, specially the role of keratinocytes and fibroblast in the disease development and maintenance are not completely understood. Dermal alterations such as basal membrane structural damage, pendulous melanocytes, solar elastosis, cellularity, vascular proliferation, in addition to the expression of inflammatory mediators, grow factors, epithelial melanocortin and sexual hormones receptors, suggest there is an interaction between the epidermal melanin unit and dermis in melasma physiopathology. The melanin skin pigmentation can be stimulated by different signaling pathways. UVR, dermal cytokines and epidermal inflammation are the most common models. These study aims to compare the nuclear morphology and chromatin texture in basal keratinocytes between melasma and adjacent skin, to investigate the activation of different pigmentation signaling pathways, and the dermal involvement, focusing on basal membrane zone and collagen. Therefore, facial skin biopsies (2 mm) from women were taken from melasma and normal skin (<2 cm apart) and processed for PAS and picrosirius red; immunofluorescence for p53, p38, IL-1α, αMSH, MC1R and COX2, immunohistochemistry for Melan-A counterstaining with PAS, and transmission electronic microscopy. Furthermore, primary fibroblast culture for real-timePCRarray and SA-β-gal staining. The nuclei of basal keratinocytes were evaluated as nuclear morphometry and chromatin texture; the fluorescence intensity was quantified in the epid... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

In this study, Naegleria fowleri, a pathogenic amoeba and the causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), was utilized to determine the presence or absence of classically conserved Golgi molecules featured in the expression of a Golgi apparatus. Previous studies concluded no Golgi expression via light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, but a recent report on Naegleria gruberi indicated the presence of dispersed Golgi tubules. Non-pathogenic species of the Naegleria genus such as Naegleria gruberi 30540 and Naegleria lovaniensis 30569 were utilized in Western immunoblot analysis compared to reduced whole-cell lysate proteins of two strains of N. fowleri and Vero CCL-81, Chlorocebus sp. kidney epithelial cells, which were utilized as a positive control for Golgi expression. N. fowleri and N. lovaniensis whole-cell lysates had indications of a 110 kDa reduced protein, associated with the predicted molecular weights of the beta-COPI subunit of the COPI cis-Golgi vesicular transport complex with further Western immunoblot indication of a weak band around 25 kDa corresponding to rabbit polyclonal antibodies specific for ARF1. Serial Dilutions of Wheat Germ Agglutinin Alexa Fluor 488TM were performed on Vero cells, Naegleria fowleri 30894, and N. gruberi 30540 with 1:100 dilution of recommended stock dilution of WGA 488 determined for utilization in sequential immunofluorescence. Sequential immunofluorescence with Wheat Germ Agglutinin Alexa Fluor 488TM and then blocked with 3% BSA:PBS [wt/vol] dilution with subsequent incubation in rabbit anti-beta-COPI primary 1:250, and 1:1000 of Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody exposure showed strong indications of organized cis- and trans-punctate Golgi body markers in close association in individual and dividing cells of Naegleria fowleri and conserved Golgi expression in the positive control Vero cells, but further experiments are necessary to verify this finding with N. fowleri.

The detection and analysis of biomolecules, such as proteins, are of great interest since these molecules are fundamental for life and our health. Due to the complexity of biological processes, there is a great advantage of studying proteins in their natural context, for example by using bioimaging. The objective of this doctoral thesis has been to develop, implement and evaluate techniques for the use of proteinspecific affinity reagents in diverse bioimaging platforms for analysis of protein expression in situ in cells and tissues. To be able to visualize a desired protein in situ using affinity reagents, reporter labels are needed. A novel technique for labeling of antibodies on solid phase was developed. This method offers simultaneous purification, concentration and labeling of an antibody sample, giving highly predictable and reproducible results, in a miniaturized format. Another study demonstrates the use of an alternative affinity reagent, the Affibody molecule, in bioimaging as well as other immunoassays. As a relevant proof-of-principle, an Affibody molecule binding the HER2 receptor was site-specificly labeled and employed for analysis of HER2 protein expression in cells and tissue using immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry. Furthermore, it is shown how antibody-based bioimaging approaches can be applied for systematic analysis of protein expression in terms of subcellular localization and expression levels in cell lines. The systematic subcellular localization of nearly 500 proteins was performed using IF and confocal microscopy. Global analysis of expression levels of nearly 2000 proteins in a panel of cell lines using IHC and automated image analysis, revealed that most proteins are expressed in a cell size dependent manner. Two normalization approaches were evaluated and found to allow for protein profiling across the panel of morphologically diverse cells, revealing patterns of protein over- and underexpression, and proteins with stable as well as with lineage specific expression were identified. Finally, the value of antibody-based, bioimaging proteomics as a platform for biomarker discovery is demonstrated. The identification and in depth study of a candidate biomarker for colorectal cancer, SATB2, is described using both IHC and IF bioimaging. Results from extended analyses of tumor biopsies showed that detection of SATB2 protein using IHC provides a clinically relevant diagnostic tool with high specificity and sensitivity to aid in diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the study demonstrated a potential prognostic role of SATB2, as decreased expression was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. / QC 20100824

No description available.

In this study, we demonstrated that membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) with canine erythrocytes is a much more sensitive diagnostic technique compared with the Coombs test to detect auto-antibodies on RBC. We also demonstrate how the evaluation of the MIF test can be made more precisely which results in a more clear interpretation. Till nowadays the Evans syndrome (combined thrombocytopenia and anemia) is not very well diagnosed in dogs. Only a few studies with low animal numbers tested auto-antibodies on RBC and thrombocytes. Here we describe the frequency of Evans syndrome based on the evaluation of a large data set with 557 dogs. The novelty of the thesis also lies in making a research of the amount of CICs in sera of AIHA/AITP patients is described as well as the cytotoxic potential of patient’s sera for canine leucocytes. These new aspects of diagnosis (AIHA) and pathogenesis (AIHA/AITP) are not only relevant for dogs but also for humans and can be used for better differential diagnosis in medicine. The new findings with respect to circulating immune complexes and cytotoxicity are also offer new therapeutic concepts. Besides, the study has resulted in the characterization of monoclonal antibodies which allow for the detection of so far undetectable canine differentiation antigens (CD molecules) on canine erythrocytes (CD235) and thrombocytes (CD42a). The identified mAbs are useful in the identification of relevant target structures for autoantibodies on these cells.

Dendritische Zellen (DCs) sind befähigt, als potenteste Antigen-präsentierende Zelle anti¬genspezifische Immunantworten zu initiieren und zu regulieren. Mittels in vivo Antigen¬beladung von spezifischen DC-Subpopulationen mit rekombinanten Antigen-gekoppelten Antikörpern gegen C-Typ-Lektinrezeptoren konnte im Mausmodell erfolgreich adaptive zelluläre und humorale Immunantworten hervorgerufen werden. Im Menschen kann dieser Ansatz therapeutisch noch nicht zum Einsatz kommen, da DC-Subpopulationen im humanen Gewebe momentan nicht ausreichend charakterisiert sind. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden humane Gewebe auf das Vorhandensein der im peripheren Blut beschriebenen DC-Subpopulationen (mDC-1 DCs: CD11c+BDCA1+, mDC-2 DCs: CD11clowBDCA3+ und pDCs: CD11c-CD123+BDCA2+) und die Expression von C-Typ-Lektinrezeptoren (DC-SIGN, MMR, Langerin, DCIR und DEC205) mittels Immun¬fluoreszenz untersucht. Anhand der vorge¬gebenen Marker im peripheren Blut konnten alle drei DC-Subpopulationen in der Milz, Thymus und Tonsillen detektiert werden. Zusätzlich konnte hier erstmalig eine vierte CD11c-CD123-BDCA2+ pDC-2 DC-Subpopulation in der Milz beschrieben werden, deren Funktion derzeit noch näher untersucht wird. Im Thymus konnte CD26 nach FACS-Analysen von Gordon Heidkamp als spezifischer Marker für mDC-2 DCs identifiziert und dies in der vorliegenden Arbeit auch durch Immun¬fluores¬zenzaufnahmen von Gewebeschnitten verifi¬ziert werden. CD26 stellt damit erstmalig einen Marker dar, der erfolgreich als alternativer Marker für BDCA3, welcher unspezifisch an Thrombomodulin bindet, zur Identifikation von mDC-2 DCs in der Immunfluoreszenz von Thymusproben eingesetzt werden könnte. Die getesteten Anti¬körper XCR-1 (monoklonal) und Clec9a (polyklonal) hingegen erschienen in der Immun¬fluoreszenz sowie in FACS-Analysen (Gordon Heidkamp) nicht geeignet. Weiterhin wurde die Expression ausgewählter C-Typ-Lektinrezeptoren (MMR, Langerin, DCIR, DC-SIGN und DEC205) im vorhandenen Gewebe näher betrachtet. Nach Auswertung der Immun¬fluoreszenzen konnte eine weit verbreitete Expression der untersuchten C-Typ-Lektin¬rezeptoren in humaner Milz und Thymus gefunden werden. Einzig hDCIR war auf vereinzelten Zellen exprimiert, und Langerin im Thymus nicht detektierbar. Um nicht verfügbare monoklonale Antikörper gegen C-Typ-Lektinrezeptoren zu produzieren und später Antigene an diese koppeln zu können, sollten lösliche Proteine einiger C-Typ-Lektinrezeptoren (humanes und murines Clec9a, Dectin-1 und -2, Langerin) produziert werden. Dabei gelang es bereits, lösliche Proteine der C-Typ-Lektinrezeptoren von humanem und murinem Dectin-1 zu generieren und diese zur weiteren Antikör¬per¬produktion einzusetzen.

Submitted by GABRIELLI BRIANEZI null (gabrielli.brianezi@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-26T15:36:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20160224 Tese Gabrielli Brianezi.pdf: 3073309 bytes, checksum: 8fd0793265926aa1a58aea12aad689a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-26T20:04:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brianezi_g_dr_bot.pdf: 3073309 bytes, checksum: 8fd0793265926aa1a58aea12aad689a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T20:04:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brianezi_g_dr_bot.pdf: 3073309 bytes, checksum: 8fd0793265926aa1a58aea12aad689a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A patogênese do melasma, especialmente o papel dos queratinócitos e fibroblastos no desenvolvimento e manutenção da doença não é bem compreendida. Alterações dérmicas como dano estrutural à zona de membrana basal, melanócitos em pêndulo, elastose solar, celularidade, proliferação vascular, além da expressão de mediadores inflamatórios, fatores de crescimento, expressão epitelial de melanocortina e receptores dos hormônios sexuais; sugerem interação entre a unidade epidermo-melânica e a derme na fisiopatologia do melasma. A pigmentação melânica da pele pode ser estimulada por diferentes vias de sinalização, sendo a radiação ultravioleta, citocinas dérmicas e inflamação epidérmica, os modelos mais usuais. Neste estudo, objetivamos comparar a morfologia nuclear e a textura da cromatina entre queratinócitos basais no melasma facial e pele adjacente, investigar a ativação das diferentes vias de estímulo à pigmentação, além do envolvimento da derme, com foco na zona de membrana basal e colágeno, no melasma facial. Para a sua execução, foram coletados pares de biópsias faciais (2mm) de mulheres adultas com melasma e de pele adjacente (<2 cm). Processaram-se para coloração de PAS e picrosirius red; imunofluorescência para p53, p38, IL- 1α, αMSH, MC1R e COX2; imunoistoquímica para Melan-Acontracorada com PAS; Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão, além de cultura primária de fibroblastos para real-timePCR array e marcação para SA-β-gal. Foram avaliados: núcleos de queratinócitos da camada basal quanto à morfometria nuclear e textura da cromatina; quantificada a intensidade de fluorescência nos compartimentos da epiderme e derme; avaliadas organelas citoplasmáticas e zona de membrana basal; além do colágeno dérmico e densidade de melanócitos: totais e em pêndulo. Em relação à pele adjacente sem melasma: núcleos de queratinócitos basais da epiderme com melasma facial apresentaram índices morfométricos e textura da cromatina alterados; houve aumento da expressão epitelial de αMSH e MC1R, sem diferença quanto ao p53, p38, IL1α e COX2; houve maior número de organelas citoplasmáticas e melanossomas em estágios de maturação maiores nos queratinócitos e melanócitos; áreas danificadas na zona de membrana basal com presença de microvesículas adjacentes à membrana basal; maior número de melanócitos em pêndulo; colágeno dérmico desestruturado. Entre os fibroblastos, houve maior marcação para SA-β-gal e expressão alterada dos genes COL4A1, IL6, ESR2, DKK3, CCL2, WIF1, WNT3A, HGF, IL1B, MMPs 1-7-9 no melasma. As alterações encontradas nos queratinócitos, na derme e zona de membrana basal, sugerem que o fenótipo do melasma pode resultar de alterações em toda unidade epidermo-melânica, não somente de uma hipertrofia dos melanócitos, as vias inflamatórias da epiderme e dependentes de p53 não se mostraram proeminentes, além de ser identificado um possível papel do processo de reparo/dano da derme e da senescência de fibroblastos na patogênese da doença. / The melasma pathogenesis, specially the role of keratinocytes and fibroblast in the disease development and maintenance are not completely understood. Dermal alterations such as basal membrane structural damage, pendulous melanocytes, solar elastosis, cellularity, vascular proliferation, in addition to the expression of inflammatory mediators, grow factors, epithelial melanocortin and sexual hormones receptors, suggest there is an interaction between the epidermal melanin unit and dermis in melasma physiopathology. The melanin skin pigmentation can be stimulated by different signaling pathways. UVR, dermal cytokines and epidermal inflammation are the most common models. These study aims to compare the nuclear morphology and chromatin texture in basal keratinocytes between melasma and adjacent skin, to investigate the activation of different pigmentation signaling pathways, and the dermal involvement, focusing on basal membrane zone and collagen. Therefore, facial skin biopsies (2 mm) from women were taken from melasma and normal skin (<2 cm apart) and processed for PAS and picrosirius red; immunofluorescence for p53, p38, IL-1α, αMSH, MC1R and COX2, immunohistochemistry for Melan-A counterstaining with PAS, and transmission electronic microscopy. Furthermore, primary fibroblast culture for real-timePCRarray and SA-β-gal staining. The nuclei of basal keratinocytes were evaluated as nuclear morphometry and chromatin texture; the fluorescence intensity was quantified in the epidermis and dermis; cytoplasm organelles and basal membrane zone were evaluated; in addition to dermal collagen and melanocytes density: total and pendulous. Regarding adjacent healthy skin, the melasma skin showed alterations in morphometric index and chromatin texture; there was greater epithelial expression of αMSH and MC1R, but without difference for p53, p38, IL1α and COX2; cytoplasm organelles and melanossomas in higher maturity were in greater number in keratinocytes and melanocytes; there were commoner damaged areas in basal membrane zone, presence of microvesicules adjacent to basal membrane; and higher number of pendulous melanocyte; dermal collagen was less structured. There were greater SA-β-gal staining and altered expression of COL4A1, IL6, ESR2, DKK3, CCL2, WIF1, WNT3A, HGF, IL1B, MMPs 1-7-9 genes in melasma fibroblasts.The alterations presented in keratinocytes, dermis and basal membrane zone suggest the melasma phenotype can result from alteration in entire epidermal melanin unit, not just hypertrophic melanocytes, the epidermal inflammatory pathways and p53 dependents do not show prominence, in addition to the possible role of the repair/ damage process identified at dermis and fibroblast senescence in the melasma pathogenesis. / FAPESP: 12/09233-5 / FAPESP: 12/05004-1