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This thesis investigates several previously neglected networks of imperial tropical medicine (ITM) in Britain and its tropical colonies at the turn of the twentieth-century. It argues for the need to bring back the ‘imperial’ to the study of medicine in colonial localities; and, in doing so, redefines the ‘imperial’ in relation to tropical medicine during this period. To accomplish this, the first part of the thesis considers largely ignored popular networks of ITM, including the 1900 London Livingstone Exhibition; guidebooks and manuals for tropical travel, health and hygiene; and commodities such as Burroughs Wellcome & Co.’s (BWC) Tabloid brand medicine chests and tropical clothing. The second part of the thesis investigates important, but under researched professional networks of ITM, including the training and experiences of non-medical missionaries educated at Livingstone College, London and the London Missionary School of Medicine (LMSM); and the formation and reform of the West African Medical Staff (WAMS). All of the popular and professional networks discussed in this thesis were, for the most part, a response to the urgency generated by domestic and international high politics to ‘improve’ and ‘develop’ Britain’s tropical possessions. While representing a diversity of individuals and interests, one concern that they all shared was the supposed need to preserve Anglo-Saxon health in tropical climates. Such a disparate set of ‘agents of empire’, connected through a common interest, led to a complex set of ideas and practices of ITM, which were informed as much by the environment and climate, as new disciplines such as parasitology. This thesis also demonstrates that a significant fissure existed — within and outside the imperial state — between ideas of ITM and their practice. Ideas of ITM were often aggressively imperial in rhetoric but in practice they generally were not. Therefore, at the start of the twentieth-century ITM was not always working — directly — as a ‘tool of empire’. Nonetheless, this thesis demonstrates that the ‘imperial’ is still the most useful analytical category and organising principle for understanding Western medicine’s relationship to Britain’s tropical possessions during this period. By focusing on both the colony and the metropole, and the uneven power relationship that existed between them, it demonstrates that ideas and practices of medicine and hygiene intended for Britain’s tropical empire were neither colonial nor metropolitan, but imperial.

Esta pesquisa pretende discutir a forma com que Dioniso foi transformado em herói épico nas Dionisíacas de Nono de Panópolis, uma epopeia em quarenta e oito cantos sobre o ciclo de Dioniso, desde a fundação de Tebas e o estabelecimento de seus antepassados à apoteose olímpica do deus. A análise será baseada nas características de Dioniso no campo de batalha e em oposição aos três principais adversários no poema, Licurgo, Deríades e Penteu. Para uma melhor compreensão da construção de Dioniso como herói, é necessária uma análise sobre o contexto social e cultural em que Nono compõe sua obra, assim como a relação do poeta com Homero, o principal poeta épico grego. Em anexo encontram-se os cantos XXXIX e XL das Dionisíacas em original grego e na tradução feita por mim. / This research intend to discuss the way Dionysus was transformed into epic hero in Nonnus Dionysiaca, an epic in forty-eight chants concerning the Dionysian Cycle, from the foundation of Thebes and the establishment of their ancestors to the Olympic apotheosis of the god. The analysis will be based on Dionysos features on the battlefield in opposition to the three main opponents in the poem, Lycurgus, Deríades and Pentheus. For a better understanding of the construction of Dionysus as a hero, an analysis is needed on the social and cultural context in which Nono composes his poem, as well as the poet\'s relationship with Homer, the Greek main epic poet. Attached are the chants XXXIX and XL of Dionysiaca in original greek and the translation made by me.

[pt] A dissertação O espetáculo das máquinas acesas Procura, através do levantamento da esquecida história das diversões óticas na Corte Imperial, reavaliar a importância desses objetos e construções para a afirmação de um cotidiano mediado pela tecnologia. A partir da análise dos pasquins, folhetins e romances publicados entre 1830 e final da década de 1870, mostra-se como a literatura representou essa realidade de converg6encia entre arte e indústria, ci6encia e entretenimento. / [en] The dissertation The Show of the lighting machines searchs, throught the forgotten history of the opticals inventions in the brazilian Imperial Court, to reavaliate the importance of these objects and constructions in afirmating a quotidian life based on technology. Analysing the press-publication, folhetins and novels published between 1830 and the end of the decade 1870, we can see how literature represented this convergence among art and industry, science and entertainment.

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar as políticas públicas do governo provincial mineiro, entre 1870 e 1889. O governo provincial mineiro compunha-se de duas instâncias de poder: a Assembléia Legislativa Provincial e a Presidência da Província. Através da análise dos relatórios e falas dos presidentes da província de Minas Gerais, anais da assembléia legislativa provincial de Minas Gerais e leis orçamentárias da província de Minas, procuro compreender as relações entre as duas instâncias de poder a nível provincial - Assembléia Legislativa Mineira e Presidência da Província - na definição de políticas públicas para a província, frente às demandas dos grupos políticos e econômicos regionais. Argumento que os interesses dos setores ligados à cafeicultura da Zona da Mata mineira foram privilegiados nas propostas de desenvolvimento formuladas e aprovadas pelos deputados provinciais, a quem cabia a palavra final na elaboração do orçamento da província, consignando investimentos a serem realizados e tributos a serem cobrados. Pelos orçamentos e pelos debates entre os deputados é possível identificar quais setores foram favorecidos pelos investimentos e quais pagaram à conta, através de impostos. Em termos historiográficos, corroboramos uma tendência verificada nas produções mais recentes, que concebem a existência de negociações entre as elites dirigentes do Governo Imperial e as elites regionais e não uma subordinação destas por aquelas. / The objective of the present research is to analyze the public politics of the administrators of Minas Gerais, between 1870 and 1889. The provincial government mining consisted of two instances of power: the Provincial Legislative Assembly and the Presidency of the Province. By analyzing the reports and speeches of the presidents of the province of Minas Gerais, Annals of the provincial legislature of Minas Gerais and the revenue laws of the province of Minas, try to understand the relationship between the two locus of power at provincial level - Legislative Assembly and President of the Province - the definition of public policy for the province of Minas Gerais, meet the demands of political groups and regional economic. I argue that the interests of the sectors related to coffee in the forest zone were privileged in mining development proposals made and approved by the provincial deputies, who had the final say in drawing up the budget of the province, consigning investments to be made and taxes to be charged. The budgets and the discussions among the members can identify which sectors were favored by investment and they paid the bill through taxes. In historiographical terms, we corroborate a trend of recent productions, which conceive the existence of negotiations between the ruling elites of the Imperial Government and the regional elites and not a subordination of these for those.

O objetivo da pesquisa, Romanidade em Plínio, o Antigo, e a Naturalis Historia como um projeto político-pedagógico, consiste em analisar a Naturalis Historia (49-77 d.C.) como um discurso produzido dentro de um contexto sócio-histórico, onde Plínio, o Antigo (23-79 d.C.), reelaborou, baseado na tradição latina e grega, um ideal de romanidade, e ler esta romanidade a partir da problemática das identidades no mundo antigo greco-romano. No século I, num Império cada vez mais multicultural e multiétnico, a Pax proporcionada pela ascensão do governo de Vespasiano (69-79 d.C.), da dinastia dos Flávios, ampliou um processo de romanização do qual Plínio participou como intelectual e funcionário do círculo do poder, apresentando a Naturalis Historia como um thesauros ou memória, romano-itálica e grega, da grandeza de Roma e do Império. Nossa hipótese propõe a leitura integral da Naturalis Historia - enfatizando a análise do prefácio e dos livros 2 e 33 até 37 da História Natural - como um projeto político-pedagógico ou ideológico de Plínio, onde a romanidade pode ser lida como uma noção de identidade em Plínio, que se apresenta como supraétnica ou como modelo ideal de conduta imperial: política, econômica, social, cultural e moral. Através do discurso de Plínio, suas fontes e retórica de escrita e leitura ou de perspectivas de alcance do seu texto, de um ideal de romanitas e humanitas latinas, do contexto histórico de elaboração da obra e das teorias modernas sobre as identidades sociais no mundo antigo, propomos refletir sobre a romanidade como uma ideia de identidade romana, que rehierarquizou e reordenou o mundo imperial, a partir da cidade de Roma, dos costumes, da arte grega e da corte de Vespasiano, o novo Augusto. A Naturalis Historia como Enkyklios Paideia foi portadora de um thesauros, que repropôs a importância dos valores tradicionais romanos, enquanto descreveu a contemporaneidade ou conjuntura histórica do tempo de Plínio, o Antigo, o Principado dos Júlio-claudios ao de Vespasiano, de crises, Pax e integração cada vez maior de povos diversos. / The aim of this research, Romanness in Pliny the Elder and the Natural History as a political-pedagogical project, is to analyze the Natural History (44-77 AD) as a discourse produced in a specific socio-historical context, in which Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD), based on Latin and Greek tradition, introduced a new ideal of Romanness. The research also proposes to read this Romanness vis-à-vis the issue of identity in the ancient Greco-Roman world. In the 1st century, in an increasingly multicultural and multiethnic empire, the Pax provided by the government of Vespasian (69-79 AD), of the Flavian dynasty, expanded a process of romanization in which Pliny participated as intellectual and government official. Pliny presented his Natural History as a thesaurus or memoryItalian-Roman and Greekof the Roman Empires grandeur. Our hypothesis proposes the complete reading of the Natural History (with an emphasis on the analysis of the preface and books 2 and 33 through 37) as Plinys political-pedagogical or ideological project, in which the idea of Romanness can be read as a kind of supra-ethnic identity or as an ideal model of imperial conduct: political, economic, social, cultural, and moral. We propose to look at Romanness as a notion of Roman identity that reordered and recreated hierarchies for the imperial world, starting from the city of Rome, the customs, Greek art, and the court of Vespasian, the new Augustus. For this, we take into consideration Plinys discourse, his sources, reading and writing rhetoric, and the perspectives afforded by his text, by the ideal of Latin romanitas and humanitas, the historical context of his work, and modern theories about social identities in the ancient world. The Natural History as Enkyklios Paideia was the bearer of a thesaurus that reintroduced the importance of traditional Roman values as it described the historical conjuncture of Plinys time, the principality from the Julio-Claudian to the Vespasian dynasties, crises, Pax, and the increasing integration of several peoples.